Human liver stem cells attenuate concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and CD4 T cells in mice.

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious threat to the life of people all over the world. Finding an effective way to manage ALF is important. Human liver stem cells (HLSCs) are early undifferentiated cells that have been implicated in the regeneration and functional reconstruction of the liver.

The association of high D-dimer level with high risk of ischemic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients: A retrospective study.

This study aimed to explore the relationship of D-dimer level with the risk stratification of ischemic stroke, and determine whether high D-dimer levels could be used as a risk factor of ischemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).This single-center, retrospective study recruited NVAF patients who did not undergo anticoagulant therapy. These patients were divided into 2 groups: ischemic stroke group and no-stroke group.

Selective admission policy of medical undergraduates in western China: applicants' real attitudes to the choice of a rural medical career.

Introduction: Since 2010, the Chinese government has been introducing selective admission policy to recruit rural students for 5-year western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine undergraduate education in order to improve rural townships' medical services system in western China. This study aimed to analyse the selective admission policy in western China from the perspective of medical students' attitudes towards rural career choice.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and an anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate a sample of medical undergraduates chosen under the selective admission policy.

DOSE DISTRIBUTION IN A BREAST UNDERGOING MAMMOGRAPHY BASED ON A 3D DETAILED BREAST MODEL FOR CHINESE WOMEN.

Not only the mean glandular dose (MGD) but also the glandular dose distribution is important in describing the radiation exposure to breast in mammography. For a more precise knowledge of the absorbed dose distribution in the breast, experimental measurements with thermoluminescence dosemeter and Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 were performed in this study. The experimental measurements with homogeneous physical breast phantoms were used to validate Monte Carlo simulations of homogeneous mathematical breast models undergoing mammography.

[Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients].

To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1.

Behcet's disease with recurrent thoracic aortic aneurysm combined with femoral artery aneurysm: a case report and literature review.

Background: Aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm is the main vascular complication of Behcet's disease. Most hospitals adopt endovascular treatment.

Case Presentation: We report a case of Behcet's disease with recurrent thoracic aortic aneurysm combined with femoral artery aneurysm.

[Evaluation of the modified test system for children sound localization].

To evaluate the feasibility of modified test system for sound localization (SL) in children. Modified system (6 male, 9 female) and traditional method ( 5 male, 5 female) were used for evaluation of minimum audible angle(MAA) and root-mean-square error(RMS) error of 4 to 6 years old children, and the results were compared to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the modified test system for children sound localization.SPSS 17.

Monte Carlo calculation of conversion coefficients for dose estimation in mammography based on a 3D detailed breast model.

Purpose: At present, the Chinese specification for testing of quality control in x-ray mammography is based on a simple breast model, and does not consider the glandular tissue distribution in the breast. In order to more precisely estimate the mean glandular dose (MGD) in mammography for Chinese women, a three-dimensional (3D) detailed breast model based on realistic structures in the breast and Chinese female breast parameters was built and applied in this study.

Methods: To characterize the Chinese female breast, Chinese female breast parameters including breast size, compressed breast thickness (CBT), and glandular content were investigated in this study.

Estimated burden of group a streptococcal pharyngitis among children in Beijing, China.

Background: Burden of Group A streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is scarce in developing countries, still unknown in China. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of clinical cases of pharyngitis and GAS culture-positive pharyngitis, and their outpatient visits among children aged 0-14 years in Beijing, the capital of China.

Methods: Multiplier model was used to estimate the numbers of pharyngitis cases, based on reported numbers of clinical cases and GAS culture-positive rates from GAS surveillances in Beijing, consultation rate, population coverage of GAS surveillances, sampling success rate, and test sensitivity of GAS culture from previous studies, surveys and surveillances.

[The application of 3D simulationtemporal-bone-system for temporal bone anatomy training].

The aim of this study is to investigate the application of 3D simulation temporal-bone-system for temporal bone anatomy training.3D simulation temporal-bone-system in the anatomy workshop was introduced in Beijing Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2015.Each participant was trained by cadaver dissection and 3D simulation temporal-bone-anatomy,and they also completed the questionnaires and evaluated the procedure.

Infectious disease-specific health literacy in Tibet, China.

This study was aimed to develop an instrument to assess infectious disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) in the general population of Tibet, China and identify the association between IDSHL and reported infectious disease-related symptoms. A survey using a standardized questionnaire, which included 25 questions on knowledge, behaviors and skills regarding infectious diseases, was conducted in the general population of Tibet, China between September 2011 and November 2011. The 25 questions formed the index system of the instrument assessing IDSHL (total scores: 25 scores).

[Surgical management of primary hyperthyroidism and coexistent thyroid carcinoma].

Objective: To evaluated the results of surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism coexistent with thyroid cancer.

Methods: From March 2007 to May 2014, 27 patients suffered thyroid carcinoma coexistent with primary hyperparathyroidism with pathological and laboratory confirmation were studied retrospectively. In 8 of 27 cases thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy were performed separately, with interval time of 3 to 26 months, and in the remaining cases both procedures were done simultaneously.

Transcriptome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms underlying functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is considered incurable because axonal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely challenging, due to harsh CNS injury environment and weak intrinsic regeneration capability of CNS neurons. We discovered that neurotrophin-3 (NT3)-loaded chitosan provided an excellent microenvironment to facilitate nerve growth, new neurogenesis, and functional recovery of completely transected spinal cord in rats. To acquire mechanistic insight, we conducted a series of comprehensive transcriptome analyses of spinal cord segments at the lesion site, as well as regions immediately rostral and caudal to the lesion, over a period of 90 days after SCI.

Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for idiopathic spinal extradural arachnoid cysts: a single-center experience.

Background: Idiopathic spinal epidural arachnoid cysts (SEACs) are relatively rare lesions with diverse clinical manifestations depending on the affected spinal region and nerve roots. To assess the relationship between clinical presentation and surgical outcome, we conducted a retrospective review of medical records and neuroimages from idiopathic SEAC patients.

Methods: Of 15 consecutive patients with idiopathic SEACs, 14 underwent surgical treatment at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2008 and July 2013.

Cigarette smoking increases levels of retinol-binding protein-4 in healthy men with normal glucose tolerance.

Background: Smoking is related with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retinol-binding protein-4 is a new adipocytokine associated with insulin resistance. We investigated the serum levels of a series of adipocytokines including retinol-binding protein-4 in smokers and non-smokers to explore the possible roles of adipocytokines on smoking induced insulin resistance.

[Clinical application of 125I particle implantation in children with rhabdomysarcoma of the head and neck].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of 125I particle implantation in the treatment of rhabdomysarcoma (RMS) of the head and neck in children.

Methods: Eight children (four males and four females) with RMS of the head and neck received 125I particle implantation targeted to the primary lesion area. The primary lesions were noted in eyelids or eyes in two children, in the orbit in four children, and in the nasal cavity or nasal wing in two children.

[Theoretical research and clinical practices of contemporary root canal therapy].

Root canal therapy is currently the most effective treatment for pulpal and periapical diseases. With the innovation of endodontic theory and techniques, the concept of contemporary root canal therapy has been established and promoted gradually. Advances in endodontic technology, instruments, and materials have increased the safety and clinical success rate of root canal therapy.

Evidence for cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in the rat pancreas.

Background/aims: Recent findings with a rodent model of cigarette smoke inhalation revealed a causal relationship between chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and the development of pancreatitis. The present study was conducted to ascertain whether cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress in the rat pancreas concurrently with inflammation.

Methodology: Rats (six per treatment group) were treated for 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks with cigarette smoke (0.

[An epidemiological survey on paragonimiasis in Jin Miaopu township in Shanxi province].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological factors and tendency of paragonimiasis in Jin Miaopu township in Zezhou county of Shanxi Province, and to understand the current status of public awareness for providing references to paragonimiasis education and prevention.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2172 villagers probing awareness of paragonimiasis and their experiences of eating crabs; Infection screening and antibody test were also performed by means of ELISA.

Results: The paragonimiasis knowledge coverage rate was zero, and 67.

[Analysis of outpatient hypertension treatment among different grade hospitals in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the therapy of hypertensive outpatients among different grade hospitals in Beijing.

Methods: Thirty-nine hospitals including 4 third grade hospitals, 4 second grade hospitals and 31 first grade hospitals in Beijing were selected randomly (by stratified randomization). The grade was accredited according to the hospital accreditation standard issued by Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.