Systematic review on supplementation, fortification, and food-based interventions for preventing iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries.

Background And Objectives: Prioritizing key preventive and therapeutic interventions is one of the actions to accelerate the reduction of anemia. This study aimed to examine interventions designed to prevent anemia.

Methods And Study Design: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.

Integrated risk assessment of dietary exposure and body burden of three brominated flame retardants in childbearing-aged Chinese women and breastfeeding infants.

Based on the third Chinese National Human Milk Survey (NHMS) conducted in 2016-2019, three typical legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs, sum of three isomers), were measured in 100 pooled human milk samples collected from 24 provinces across China. The median concentrations of BDE-209, TBBPA and HBCDDs were 0.27, 0.

Under Pressure in the Eriksen Flanker Task.

A classical observation in experimental psychology is a reduction in reaction time and response accuracy under time pressure (TP). This speed-accuracy tradeoff may be understood from the combined perspectives of affordance competition and urgency gating. This view implies that action programs compete with each other from stimulus onset until the final response.

Incorporating ethics into infectious disease clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Incorporating ethics into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be challenging. This is particularly evident for infectious diseases (ID) CPGs due to the complexity of ID ethics (IDE) and the multiplicity of populations at-risk for infections.

Objectives: The OPENING project (IncOrPorating Ethics iN ClINical Guidelines: Practical Indications) was initiated by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Ethics Advisory Committee (EEAC) in collaboration with the ESCMID Guidelines Subcommittee to generate guidelines for the systematic inclusion of ethics principles into ID CPGs.

LMNA-related cardiomyopathy: From molecular pathology to cardiac gene therapy.

Background: The genetic variants of LMNA cause an array of diseases that often affect the heart. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy exhibits high-penetrance and early-onset phenotypes that lead to late-stage heart failure or lethal arrhythmia. As a subtype of dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, LMNA-related cardiac dysfunction is resistant to existing cardiac therapeutic strategies, leaving a major unmet clinical need in cardiomyopathy management.

IBI310 plus sintilimab vs. placebo plus sintilimab in recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: It remains unclear whether adding CTLA-4 blockade to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade improves clinical outcomes in cervical cancer (CC).

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04590599), patients with recurrent/metastatic CC (R/M CC) who experienced disease progression after or during platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from 37 centers across China and randomly assigned (1:1), stratified by PD-L1 expression and prior treatment lines, to receive either IBI310 plus sintilimab or placebo plus sintilimab intravenously every 3 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by sintilimab alone.

A conceptual framework to assess the health, socioeconomic and environmental burden of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge that affects patients, caregivers, healthcare systems, the environment and national economies. Despite its far-reaching impact, there is no framework to systematically evaluate national CKD prevention and management programmes or evaluate the societal burden of disease. This paper has two objectives: first, to introduce a comprehensive framework to assess national programmes, which recognises gaps and weaknesses and identifies feasible policy interventions to reduce overall CKD burden; second, to present some key challenges and success stories in delivering CKD services delivered in eight different country settings.

A multicenter Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled single-blind trial with the SV2A ligand seletracetam in photosensitive epilepsy patients.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seletracetam (SEL), a potent modulator of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), in patients with photoparoxysmal EEG response (PPR) to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) as proof-of-principle of efficacy in patients with epilepsy. In this multicenter, single-blind Phase II study, adults with photosensitive epilepsy, with/without concomitant antiseizure medication therapy, underwent IPS under 3 eye conditions (at eye closure, eyes closed and eyes open) after a single oral dose of placebo (day - 1) or SEL (day 1; 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 10, or 20 mg).

Genetic Etiology Link to Brain Function Underlying ADHD Symptoms and its Interaction with Sleep Disturbance: An ABCD Study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRS, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRS exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep.

Prognostic and clinical significance of contrast enhancement in WHO grade 2 oligodendrogliomas.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic significance of contrast enhancement (CE) in grade 2 oligodendroglioma (ODG) and explore its clinical implications.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted ODG between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively enrolled from a single institution. The presence of CE was identified on preoperative MRIs, and clinical, radiologic, and histopathological data that was extracted.

Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis in South Africa.

Background: More than 800 million people are affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. In South Africa, the prevalence of CKD increased by 67% between 1999 and 2006. Haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplant are the three main modalities used for managing end stage kidney disease.

Beyond image: evaluating the perceived effectiveness of workplace mental health programs in the insurance sector.

Background: Mental health programs in the workplace have gained increasing attention as organizations strive to support employee well-being. However, the effectiveness and reception of these initiatives from the employee perspective still need to be studied.

Methods: A qualitative study used 30 semi-structured interviews with individuals from large insurance companies in Portugal.

Ecological risk assessment and response prediction caused by LUCC in the central Yunnan Province.

With the acceleration of urbanization, unreasonable land use poses a serious threat to ecological security. However, there is still some space for improvement in the existing assessment of ecological risks (ERs) caused by land use/land cover change (LUCC). Therefore, this study takes the central Yunnan Province (CYP) as an example, and uses the Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model to simulate the land use/land cover (LULC) in different scenarios in the future, calculate the ecosystem services (ESs) from 2000 to 2020 and the next 20 years, as well as ERs of various types of ESs caused by LUCC.

Change in exacerbation rate of COPD patients before and after COVID-19 infection.

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected global health system, significantly altering not only the acute management of viral infection, but also management strategies for chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on exacerbation rates and the economic burden in patients with COPD. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the national insurance reimbursement data of South Korea.

Relevance of superoxide dismutase type 1 to lipoid pneumonia: the first retrospective case-control study.

Background: Lipoid pneumonia (LP) is a rare disease caused by the accumulation of lipids and lipid-laden macrophages in the alveoli inducing damage. LP is difficult to differentiate from other similar diseases without pathological evidence, such as upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), lung mucinous adenocarcinoma and pulmonary edema. Given the high misdiagnosis rate and limited statistical clinical and treatment data, there is an urgent need for novel indicators of LP.

Comparative the impact intraoperative phrenic nerve sacrifice on prognosis patients with thymoma.

Objectives: Complete removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue is the most important prognostic factor such as survival after surgery. When the tumor invades the phrenic nerve, the impact of intraoperative phrenic nerve sacrifice on the short- and long-term prognosis of patients is not clear. This study aims to explore the differences in prognosis between patients with malignant thymoma with and without phrenic nerve sacrifice during surgery, as well as analyze related factors.

Maternal high-fat diet alters the transcriptional rhythm in white adipose tissue of adult offspring.

A maternal high-fat diet (HFD) deteriorates the long-term metabolic health of offspring. Circadian rhythms are crucial for regulating metabolism. However, the impact of maternal HFD on the circadian clock in white adipose tissue (WAT) remains unexplored.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse clinical and molecular characteristics, characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapies for STS, yet comprehensive evaluations of their efficacy, especially in combination with other treatments, are scarce.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on ICIs in STS treatment, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 31, 2024.

Comparison of perioperative outcomes of DaVinci robot and Hugo robot radical prostatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of radical prostatectomy with DaVinci robot and Hugo robot.

Methods: The system searches Embase, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science 4 database. The search time ranges from database creation to June 2024.

Work related indicators of midwives' job satisfaction and the modifying effect of sense of coherence. A national cross-sectional study in Sweden.

Background: The global shortage of midwives highlights the importance of understanding the factors that contribute to job satisfaction to improve retention in the profession.

Aim: To identify the indicating work related factors of job satisfaction in Swedish midwives and analyse the potential modifying effect of Sense of Coherence (SOC).

Methods: A national sample of midwives n = 1663 were included in the five hierarchical regression models with the outcome job satisfaction.

Stakeholders' perspective on sustainable cement made with naturally occurring radioactive by-products: A cross-country comparison.

The use of industrial by-products as substitutes for raw materials in cement production not only reduces raw material use, thereby contributing to the circular economy, but also offers an avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the perceptions of industry representatives and end-users across Belgium, Czechia and Slovenia regarding alternative cement made with industrial by-products categorised as naturally occurring radioactive materials. Based on 66 interviews, three main concerns were discerned: health, performance, and economic.

Rare Oncological Diseases and Their Large Slice in Demands to the Brazilian Government for Health Technologies Over 12 Years Since the Creation of CONITEC: Doenças Oncológicas Raras e Sua Grande Parcela Nas Demandas Por Tecnologias em Saúde ao Governo Brasileiro ao Longo de Doze Anos Desde a Criação da CONITEC.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of the demands for health technologies submitted to the Brazilian Government.

Methodology: A descriptive analysis was carried out by surveying the reports produced by the National Committee for the Incorporation of Health Technologies since its creation in Brazil until 2023. The extracted data were tabulated in 3 domains: identification of demand, epidemiological profile of the disease, and clinical evidence and economic assessment.