Value proposition of retinal imaging in Alzheimer's disease screening: A review of eight evolving trends.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Current diagnostic modalities of AD generally focus on detecting the presence of amyloid β and tau protein in the brain (for example, positron emission tomography [PET] and cerebrospinal fluid testing), but these are limited by their high cost, invasiveness, and lack of expertise. Retinal imaging exhibits potential in AD screening and risk stratification, as the retina provides a platform for the optical visualization of the central nervous system in vivo, with vascular and neuronal changes that mirror brain pathology.

Esophageal ulcer and multisystem inflammatory syndrome after COVID-19: A case report.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe disease occurring several weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. It develops in adults with inflammation of different organs including the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidneys, skin and hematopoietic system.

Case Summary: We present a 58-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with MIS-A.

HARMONIZE Asia: A Phase III Randomized Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate in Patients with Hyperkalemia in China.

Purpose: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is an oral potassium (K)-lowering therapy for adults with hyperkalemia. HARMONIZE Asia (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03528681) evaluated the efficacy and safety of SZC in Chinese patients with hyperkalemia.

Harnessing the potential of large language models in medical education: promise and pitfalls.

Objectives: To provide balanced consideration of the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) throughout the medical school continuum.

Process: Narrative review of published literature contextualized by current reports of LLM application in medical education.

Conclusions: LLMs like OpenAI's ChatGPT can potentially revolutionize traditional teaching methodologies.

Salivary Gland Transplantation as a Promising Approach for Tear Film Restoration in Severe Dry Eye Disease.

With increased awareness of dry eye disease (DED), a multitude of therapeutic options have become available. Nevertheless, the treatment of severe DED remains difficult. In a patient whose DED is related to the loss of lacrimal function without severe destruction of the salivary glands, autologous transplantation of the latter as functioning exocrine tissue to rebuild a stable tear film is an attractive idea.

Review of emerging trends and projection of future developments in large language models research in ophthalmology.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are fast emerging as potent tools in healthcare, including ophthalmology. This systematic review offers a twofold contribution: it summarises current trends in ophthalmology-related LLM research and projects future directions for this burgeoning field.

Methods: We systematically searched across various databases (PubMed, Europe PMC, Scopus and Web of Science) for articles related to LLM use in ophthalmology, published between 1 January 2022 and 31 July 2023.

Feasibility of a smartphone app for prescribed exercise tutoring in patients with stable coronary heart disease.

Background: Digital health technologies have potential to address the challenges associated with traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR). However, it is not complete enough for prescribed exercise guidance and remote monitoring.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone app for prescribed exercise tutoring by exercise videos combined with wearable devices to monitor heart rate in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).

Deep learning network with differentiable dynamic programming for retina OCT surface segmentation.

Multiple-surface segmentation in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is a challenging problem, further complicated by the frequent presence of weak image boundaries. Recently, many deep learning-based methods have been developed for this task and yield remarkable performance. Unfortunately, due to the scarcity of training data in medical imaging, it is challenging for deep learning networks to learn the global structure of the target surfaces, including surface smoothness.

Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants.

The study aims to assess the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and photoreceptor outer segment (POS) band in various macular regions and its associations with axial length and other parameters. Participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 underwent a series of examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. The current study included 2213 participants without retinal or optic nerve diseases (age: 61.

Variation in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex Associated With Optic Nerve Head Size in Healthy Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate whether the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) change with optic nerve head (ONH) size in healthy eyes.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study recruited participants aged ≥50 years. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography-assisted measurements of the peripapillary RNFL and macular GCC and were divided into small, medium, and large ONH groups according to optic disc area (≤1.

Arterial hypertension and retinal layer thickness: the Beijing Eye Study.

Purpose: To investigate relationships between blood pressure and the thickness of single retinal layers in the macula.

Methods: Participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study, free of retinal or optic nerve disease, underwent medical and ophthalmological examinations including optical coherence tomographic examination of the macula. Applying a multiple-surface segmentation solution, we automatically segmented the retina into its various layers.

Submandibular Gland Transplantation vs Minor Salivary Glands Transplantation for Treatment of Dry Eye: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To compare submandibular gland (SMG) transplantation with minor salivary gland (MSG) transplantation for the treatment of different dry eye diseases (DED).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: A total of 73 refractory DED eyes were divided into 3 groups.

Progression and associated factors of lacquer cracks/patchy atrophies in high myopia: the Beijing Eye Study 2001-2011.

Purpose: To assess the development and progression of lacquer cracks/patchy atrophies (LCs/PAs) in high myopia.

Methods: The case control study included highly myopic eyes (refractive error ≤  - 6.0 diopters), examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011.

[Fast determination of bongkrekic acid in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

To establish a method for rapid determination of bongkrekic acid (BA) in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In November 2020, plasma samples were extracted by methanol and acetonitrile (1∶1) and purified directly. The samples were separated by C18 column.

Exosomal microRNAs induce tumor-associated macrophages via PPARγ during tumor progression in SHH medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, is composed of at least four molecular subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) subgroup exhibits the most abundant tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) infiltration. SHH-MB patients treated by anti-SHH drugs showed high drug resistance.

Prognostic Value of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) have a poor prognosis and stratification for recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among these patients is of considerable interest. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are considered to be potential cardiovascular risk factors, but less is known about their prognostic importance in post-MI patients. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of NT-proBNP and hs-CRP alone or together in patients who reported a prior MI.

Parapapillary gamma zone enlargement in a 10-year follow-up: the Beijing Eye Study 2001-2011.

Purpose: To assess prevalence and associated factors of parapapillary gamma zone enlargement (GZE).

Methods: Using fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images of participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study, we examined gamma zone changes in a 10-year follow-up.

Results: The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (61 participants; age: 65.

High myopia as risk factor for the 10-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma in the Beijing Eye Study.

Purpose: To assess the 10-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and its associations in an adult Chinese population.

Methods: Longitudinal observational population-based study. Out of 4439 participants aged 40+ years participating in the Beijing Eye Study in 2001, 2695 individuals (60.

RIPK1 is a key factor in black carbon-induced cell death.

Air pollution is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and with cell death at a cellular level. However, the exact mechanism of particulate matter-induced cell death remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present in vitro study using human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) was to determine the cell death pathway(s) induced by black carbon (BC) and ozone oxidized-black carbon (O-BC).

Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in association with gamma zone width and disc-fovea distance.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness as surrogate of the optic nerve decreases with longer axial length. We explored which explanatory parameters might explain that association.

Methods: Participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 without any retinal or optic nerve disease were selected based on a refractive error-based stratified randomization.

Decreasing myopic lacquer crack and widening parapapillary gamma zone: case report.

Background: Myopic axial elongation may be due to an equatorial enlargement of Bruch's membrane (BM), leading to a prolate eye shape and increasing strain with BM and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer at the posterior pole. The increased BM strain may cause an enlargement of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) of the optic nerve head, with the subsequent development and enlargement of parapapillary gamma zone as BM-free parapapillary zone. The increased strain within BM and RPE may also cause lacquer cracks (LCs) as linear breaks in the RPE and / or BM.