Co-stimulation of muscarinic M1 and M4 acetylcholine receptors prevents later cocaine reinforcement in male and female mice, but not place-conditioning.

Acute stimulation of M or M muscarinic cholinergic receptors reduces cocaine abuse-related effects in mice and rats. The combined activation of these receptor subtypes produces synergistic effects on some behavioural endpoints in mice. M and M + M receptor stimulation in a cocaine vs.

Simulation-based training of junior doctors in handling critically ill patients facilitates the transition to clinical practice: an interview study.

Background: Junior doctors lack confidence and competence in handling the critically ill patient including diagnostic skills, decision-making and team working with other health care professionals. Simulation-based training on managing emergency situations can have substantial effects on satisfaction and learning. However, there are indications of problems when applying learned skills to practice.

Remotely Versus Locally Facilitated Simulation-based Training in Management of the Deteriorating Patient by Newly Graduated Health Professionals: A Controlled Trial.

Introduction: This study evaluated delivery of immersive simulation-based training (SBT) by distance education. Newly graduated health professionals' experience of and learning outcomes from videoconference-enabled remotely facilitated (RF) were prospectively compared with a locally facilitated (LF) format within a course addressing management of the deteriorating patient.

Methods: Participants were exposed to both RF and LF formats in an intervention course (IC).

Medical students' perception of dyad practice.

Training in pairs (dyad practice) has been shown to improve efficiency of clinical skills training compared with single practice but little is known about students' perception of dyad practice. The aim of this study was to explore the reactions and attitudes of medical students who were instructed to work in pairs during clinical skills training. A follow-up pilot survey consisting of four open-ended questions was administered to 24 fourth-year medical students, who completed four hours of dyad practice in managing patient encounters.

Efficacy of simulation-based trauma team training of non-technical skills. A systematic review.

Trauma resuscitation is a complex situation, and most organisations have multi-professional trauma teams. Non-technical skills are challenged during trauma resuscitation, and they play an important role in the prevention of critical incidents. Simulation-based training of these is recommended.

Automated external defibrillators inaccessible to more than half of nearby cardiac arrests in public locations during evening, nighttime, and weekends.

Background: Despite wide dissemination, use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in community settings is limited. We assessed how AED accessibility affected coverage of cardiac arrests in public locations.

Methods And Results: We identified cardiac arrests in public locations (1994-2011) in terms of location and time and viewed them in relation to the location and accessibility of all AEDs linked to the emergency dispatch center as of December 31, 2011, in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Handover of patients: a topical review of ambulance crew to emergency department handover.

Handover has major implications for patient care. The handover process between ambulance and emergency department (ED) staff has been sparsely investigated. The purpose of this paper is, based on a literature review, to identify and elaborate on the major factors influencing the ambulance to ED handover, and to bring suggestions on how to optimize this process.