Immobilization adjusted clock reaction in the urea-urease-H reaction system.

The bell-shaped reactivity-pH curve is the fundamental reason that the temporal programmable kinetic switch in clock reactions can be obtained in bio-competitive enzymatic reactions. In this work, urease was loaded on small resin particles through ionic binding. Experimental results reveal that the immobilization not only increased the stability of the enzyme and the reproducibility of the clock reaction, but also shifted the bell-shaped activity curve to lower pHs.

Molten salt construction of stable oxygen vacancies on TiO for enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity.

The construction of defects on TiO surface has attracted great interest due to their prominent effect on photocatalytic activity. However, most synthesis methods often lead to unstable oxygen vacancies which limits their effect for improvement of visible light photoactivity. In this work, stable oxygen vacancies were successfully introduced in commercial TiO (P25) one-step molten salt (MS) method.

Revision of the lacewing genus with two new species from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta, Neuroptera, Saucrosmylidae).

The genus Ren & Yin, 2003 belonging to Saucrosmylidae was erected by using a single hind wing only. Based on new fossil material and re-examination of the type specimen, the diagnosis of the genus is emended with supplementary forewing characters, reported for the first time. In addition, two new species and are described.

A simple and highly selective 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based colorimetric probe for HSO ion recognition in food.

A series of 3,6-bis-substituted-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based colorimetric probes has been developed in good yields that exhibits highly selective and sensitive colorimetric recognition of HSO in aqueous solution. The color of the solution containing colorimetric probes changed markedly from orange to colorless, upon the addition of HSO . Quantification of the absorption titration analysis shows that the detection limit of 3,6-bis(2-aminoethylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2a) for HSO was 3.

The self-template synthesis of highly efficient hollow structure Fe/N/C electrocatalysts with Fe-N coordination for the oxygen reduction reaction.

The exploration of highly efficient catalysts to replace noble metal platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction, on which M/N/C catalysts have shed brilliant light, is greatly significant but challenging. This paper presents a strategy for synthesizing highly efficient and stabilized hollow structure Fe/N/C catalysts with iron and nitrogen doped into the carbon layer by the self-template method. The prepared Fe/N/C catalysts with NaCl protection during pyrolysis are characterized by a unique hollow structure, porous morphology and Fe-N coordination as the active sites, all of which significantly endow the materials with excellent properties towards the ORR, including high electrical conductivity, long-term durability and outstanding capacity for methanol tolerance.

CuI nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of tetracyclic benzo[]benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-][1,3]thiazin-6-imine heterocycles by SAr-type C-S, C-N bond formation from isothiocyanatobenzenes and benzimidazoles.

In this paper, a simple and practical synthesis of benzo[]benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-][1,3]thiazin-6-imine tetracyclic heterocycles a CuI nanoparticle-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp)-S coupling reaction is presented. This strategy provides a straightforward method for synthesizing analogs of the anti-HIV drug 3,4-dihydro-2,6-pyrimido[1,2-][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine (PD 404182). The reaction rate and yield were increased by employing CuI nanoparticles.

Livelihood changes matter for the sustainability of ecological restoration: A case analysis of the Grain for Green Program in China's largest Giant Panda Reserve.

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are expected to promote ecological restoration while simultaneously improving human livelihoods. As an adaptive management tool, PES programs should be dynamic and adjusted according to changing natural and socio-economic contexts. Taking the implementation of China's famous ecological restoration policy known as the Grain for Green Program (GGP) in the Wolong National Nature Reserve as an example, we analyzed changes in the livelihood capitals and strategies of local households that had participated in the GGP over a 10-year period and discussed the implications of these changes for the next stage of the program's implementation.

A sensitive probe for amyloid fibril detection with strong fluorescence and early response.

We synthesized a new probe, 4-[2-(2-naphthyl)-()-ethenyl]-benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (NEB), to detect the formation of amyloid fibrils of bovine insulin. The fluorescence intensity of NEB in the presence of insulin fibrils was 30 times higher than that before fibrillation, with the fluorescence quantum yield increased from 2.5% to 78%.

Anisotropic tough poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogels for potential biomedical applications.

Hydrogels, one of the most important bioinspired materials, are receiving increasing attention because of their potential applications as scaffolds for artificial tissue engineering and vehicles for drug delivery, However, these applications are always severely limited by their microstructure and mechanical behavior. Here we report the fabrication of a tough polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (PVA/GO) nanocomposite hydrogel through a simple and effective directional freezing-thawing (DFT) technique. The resulting hydrogels show well-developed anisotropic microstructure and excellent mechanical properties with the assistance of DFT method and lamellar graphene.

Is reappraisal always effective in modifying emotional reactions in females? The role of regulatory timing and goals.

Introduction: Numerous studies have explored the effect of cognitive reappraisal before or after emotion-inducing events. However, only a few studies have examined the influence of regulatory timing on the effectiveness of reappraisal. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of regulatory timing and goals in reappraisal regulation, which would help promote the specific application of cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation.

The first colorimetric receptor for the BO anion based on nitro substituted phenanthroimidazole ferrocene derivatives.

Four phenanthroimidazole ferrocene derivatives (2a-2d) were designed, synthesized and characterized by H NMR, C NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). Recognition of 12 anions by 2a-2d was investigated by UV-Vis absorption analysis, showing that 2b and 2d sensed BO selectively among the tested anions with an obvious color change observed. H NMR titrations and theoretical calculations demonstrated that 2b binds BO through O⋯H hydrogen bonding and O⋯B interactions between the nitro moiety and the BO anion.

Empathy-Related Responding in Chinese Toddlers: Factorial Structure and Cognitive Contributors.

The critical role of the second year of life in the development of empathy is well accepted by psychologists. However, the developmental trends of the different components of empathy and the potential factors underlying these components during this critical period remain unclear. Eighty-four Chinese toddlers in the second year of life participated in the present study.

A meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of eye movements and visual word reading.

Introduction: The pattern of eye movements during reading is substantially correlated with linguistic factors. While there have been a large number of studies on the neural mechanisms of eye movements and word reading separately, a limited number of studies have compared the activation patterns of these two processes and discussed the associations of their corresponding brain regions within the framework of naturalistic reading.

Methods: This study conducted a meta-analysis of the existing functional magnetic resonance imaging literature on prosaccades and visual word reading using the activation likelihood estimation algorithm.

Electrophysiological Correlates of Familiarity and Recollection in Associative Recognition: Contributions of Perceptual and Conceptual Processing to Unitization.

It is generally accepted that associative recognition memory is supported by recollection. In addition, recent research indicates that familiarity can support associative memory, especially when two items are unitized into a single item. Both perceptual and conceptual manipulations can be used to unitize items, but few studies have compared these two methods of unitization directly.

Child Negative Emotionality and Parental Harsh Discipline in Chinese Preschoolers: The Different Mediating Roles of Maternal and Paternal Anxiety.

Previous research has suggested that harsh discipline is still prevalent in modern Chinese families and it is necessary to explore the cause and the potential mechanisms of Chinese parental use of harsh discipline. This study examined the mediating effects of parental anxiety in the relations between child negative emotionality and parental harsh discipline in China. Using a sample of 328 Chinese father-mother dyads with their young children, findings revealed that maternal anxiety mediated the relations between child negative emotionality and maternal psychological aggression and corporal punishment, but the mediating effects of paternal anxiety on the relations between child negative emotionality and paternal harsh discipline was not significant.

Relationship between Divergent Thinking and Intelligence: An Empirical Study of the Threshold Hypothesis with Chinese Children.

The threshold hypothesis is a classical and notable explanation for the relationship between creativity and intelligence. However, few empirical examinations of this theory exist, and the results are inconsistent. To test this hypothesis, this study investigated the relationship between divergent thinking (DT) and intelligence with a sample of 568 Chinese children aged between 11 and 13 years old using testing and questionnaire methods.

Visual Working Memory Capacity Can Be Increased by Training on Distractor Filtering Efficiency.

It is generally considered that working memory (WM) capacity is limited and that WM capacity affects cognitive processes. Distractor filtering efficiency has been suggested to be an important factor in determining the visual working memory (VWM) capacity of individuals. In the present study, we investigated whether training in visual filtering efficiency (FE) could improve VWM capacity, as measured by performance on the change detection task (CDT) and changes of contralateral delay activity (CDA) (contralateral delay activity) of different conditions, and evaluated the transfer effect of visual FE training on verbal WM and fluid intelligence, as indexed by performance on the verbal WM span task and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test, respectively.

Comparative Phosphoproteomic Analysis under High-Nitrogen Fertilizer Reveals Central Phosphoproteins Promoting Wheat Grain Starch and Protein Synthesis.

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for plant growth and development. It also strongly influences starch and protein synthesis, closely related to grain yield and quality. We performed the first comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of developing wheat grains in response to high-N fertilizer.

Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Causal Mutations in Rice.

Next-generation sequencing technologies (NGST) are being used to discover causal mutations in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized plant populations. However, the published protocols often deliver too many candidate sites and sometimes fail to find the mutant gene of interest. Accurate identification of the causal mutation from massive background polymorphisms and sequencing deficiencies remains challenging.

Baduanjin Mind-Body Intervention Improves the Executive Control Function.

This study aims at comparing the effects of the Baduanjin mind-body (BMB) intervention with a conventional relaxation training program on enhancing the executive function. The study also attempts to explore the neural substrates underlying the cognitive effect of BMB intervention using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique. Forty-two healthy college students were randomly allocated into either the Baduanjin intervention group or relaxation training (control) group.

Underlying Skills of Oral and Silent Reading Fluency in Chinese: Perspective of Visual Rapid Processing.

Reading fluency is a critical skill to improve the quality of our daily life and working efficiency. The majority of previous studies focused on oral reading fluency rather than silent reading fluency, which is a much more dominant reading mode that is used in middle and high school and for leisure reading. It is still unclear whether the oral and silent reading fluency involved the same underlying skills.

Facial Expression Recognition in Children with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids.

Facial expression recognition (FER) is an important aspect of effective interpersonal communication. In order to explore whether the development of FER was delayed in hearing impaired children, 44 child participants completed labeling, and matching tasks to identify four basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, and fear). Twenty-two participants had either a cochlear implant (CI) or a hearing aid (HA) while 22 had normal hearing and participants were matched across conditions by age and gender.

Changed Hub and Corresponding Functional Connectivity of Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. In the brain, the hubs of the brain network play a key role in integrating and transferring information between different functional modules. However, whether the changed pattern in functional network hubs contributes to the onset of MDD remains unclear.

Dissociating the Electrophysiological Correlates between Item Retrieval and Associative Retrieval in Associative Recognition: From the Perspective of Directed Forgetting.

Although many behavioral studies have reported associative memory was different from item memory, evidence coming from ERP researches has been in debate. In addition, directed forgetting effect for items has been fully discussed, but whether association between items can be directed-forgotten was unclear. The directed forgetting effect was important for dissociating the item retrieval and associative retrieval because of the one-to-one mapping relationship both between item retrieval and familiarity and between associative retrieval and recollection.

High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals HO Stress-Associated MicroRNAs and a Potential Regulatory Network in Seedlings.

Oxidative stress in plants can be triggered by many environmental stress factors, such as drought and salinity. is a model organism for the study of biofuel plants and crops, such as wheat. Although recent studies have found many oxidative stress response-related proteins, the mechanism of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated oxidative stress response is still unclear.