Prognostic value of cardiac cycle efficiency in children undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study.

Background: Cardiac cycle efficiency (CCE) derived from a pressure-recording analytical method is a unique parameter to assess haemodynamic performance from an energetic view. This study investigated changes of CCE according to an anatomical diagnosis group, and its association with early postoperative outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: Ninety children were included with a ventricular septal defect (VSD; n=30), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n=40), or total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC; n=20).

Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

Objective: To evaluate a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and compare it with RT-PCR.

Methods: We designed primers specific to the orf1ab and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. Total viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit.

Prediction of neonatal acne based on maternal lipidomic profiling.

Background: Neonatal acne occurs in the first few weeks after birth. Some lesions are more serious and leave scars. Maternal surface skin lipids (SSL) have a strong correlation with SSL of infants.

Interaction between early environment and genetic predisposition instigates the metabolically obese, normal weight phenotype in children: findings from the BCAMS study.

Objective: A subset of normal-weight individuals appears predisposed to obesity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Studies of this metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) phenotype in youth are scarce. We aimed to identify early environmental and genetic factors associated with MONW in children.

Application of lipidomics to reveal differences of facial skin surface lipids between atopic dermatitis and healthy infants.

Background: The current knowledge about potential risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD) is primarily based on the structure and function of the stratum corneum, which is characterized by osmotic defects and abnormal antibacterial function. There are no studies on the difference between facial lipids in infants with AD and healthy infants.

Aims: We sought to explore significantly different lipid markers for infants with AD presenting with lesions and healthy infants aged 0-2 years to guide treatment strategies.

Pidotimod: a review of its pharmacological features and clinical effectiveness in respiratory tract infections.

: The majority of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are caused by viruses and the overzealous use of antibacterial drugs, when not really required, is a cause for concern. This has led to evaluation of alternative approaches such as boosting the immune response in individuals who are most vulnerable to develop RTIs such as the very young and the elderly. : This article overviews the immunostimulant activity and pharmacokinetic properties of pidotimod, and focuses on assessing its role in the treatment and prevention of acute RTIs through evaluation of clinical trials and real-world evidence.

Identification of a novel RPS26 nonsense mutation in a Chinese Diamond-Blackfan Anemia patient.

Background: Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), is characterized by normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. DBA10, a subset of DBA, is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in RPS26. So far, there are 30 disease-causing variants in RPS26 being reported, however, only three of them are small insert mutations.

Association between STAT4 polymorphisms and the risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Han Chinese populations.

Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated a potential role of STAT4 polymorphisms in increased juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) risk in Caucasian populations; however, their role remains unclear in Han Chinese populations. We aimed to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STAT4 and their role in JIA in Han Chinese populations.

Methods: This study included 205 JIA cases and 267 healthy controls.

Secondary findings in 421 whole exome-sequenced Chinese children.

Background: Variants with known or possible pathogenicity located in genes that are unrelated to primary disease conditions are defined as secondary findings. Secondary findings are not the primary targets of whole exome and genome sequencing (WES/WGS) assay but can be of great practical value in early disease prevention and intervention. The driving force for this study was to investigate the impact of racial difference and disease background on secondary findings.

Simultaneous determination of plasma methotrexate and 7-hydroxy methotrexate by UHPLC-MS/MS in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate therapy.

The plasma concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) and its major metabolite 7-hydroxy methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) are highly correlated with the toxicities in patients with high-dose MTX therapy. Routine monitoring of MTX and 7-OH-MTX plasma levels is useful for dose adjustment of rescue drugs and toxicity prevention. A UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of plasma MTX and 7-OH-MTX was developed, validated, and applied in 181 plasma samples.

Comparison of text messaging data collection vs face-to-face interviews for public health surveys: a cluster randomized crossover study of care-seeking for childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea in rural China.

Background: To compare text messaging and face-to-face interviews to conduct a survey on childhood diarrhoea and pneumonia.

Methods: Caregivers of young children able to send text messages in Zhao County in rural China were included in this crossover study. Villages (clusters) were randomized into two groups using the ratio 1:1.

Categorical perception of lexical tones in native Mandarin-speaking listeners with sensorineural hearing loss.

Background: Categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones was examined in normal hearing (NH) people, but it was unclear whether lexical tones can be perceived categorically in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) people.

Objectives: To explore the characteristic of lexical tone perception in native Mandarin speakers with SNHL.

Materials And Methods: Three types of continuum (Tone1/Tone2, Tone1/Tone4 and Tone2/Tone3) were constructed and each of them includes 15 stimuli which were resynthesized by applying the pitch-synchronous overlap and add (PSOLA) method implemented in Praat to the same Mandarin syllable, /a/, with a high-level tone produced by a female speaker.

Childhood retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels predicting the 10-year risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: the BCAMS study.

Background: Elevated retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels may contribute to the development of metabolic abnormalities, but prospective studies evaluating the association between childhood RBP4 levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adulthood are lacking. We investigated whether RBP4 levels during childhood predict cardiometabolic risk at 10-year follow-up.

Methods: The relationships between RBP4 levels, the established adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) and the components of MS were examined in 3445 school-aged children recruited in 2004 for the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study.

Association Between Early Menarche and School Bullying.

Purpose: Early pubertal onset may relate to more involvement in bullying in adolescent girls, both as a target and as a perpetrator. However, the few studies of the association between early menarche and school bullying have shown mixed findings. The present study examined whether early menarche is associated with bullying victimization and perpetration.

The association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a type of nitric oxide synthase that mainly exists in the endothelium. It produces nitric oxide (NO) to regulate the function of endothelial cells. Endothelial dysfunction and increased NO metabolites have been shown in animal models of lupus and in lupus patients, so eNOS gene polymorphisms may be important in the pathogenesis of SLE.

The role of established East Asian obesity-related loci on pediatric leptin levels highlights a neuronal influence on body weight regulation in Chinese children and adolescents: the BCAMS study.

Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple variants associated with adult obesity, mostly in European-ancestry populations. We aimed to systematically assess the contribution of key loci, which had been previously shown to be associated in East Asian adults, to childhood obesity, related adipokine profiles and metabolic traits in a Chinese pediatric population. Twelve single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus metabolic profiles and levels of five adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, fibroblast growth factor 21 and retinol binding protein 4) were evaluated in 3,506 Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-18.

Leptin-adiponectin imbalance as a marker of metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents: The BCAMS study.

Purpose: Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance, both involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). We aimed to investigate whether leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), as a marker of these two adipokines imbalance, may improve diagnosis of MS in children and adolescents, and determined its cut-off value in the diagnosis of MS.

Methods: A total of 3,428 subjects aged 6-18 years were selected from Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study.

[Refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: clinical analysis of 10 cases].

To analyze the clinical value of sirolimus plus prednisone for the treatment of the refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(RKHE) and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome(KMS). Clinical retrospective analysis was carried out for 10 patients recruited in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Paediatrics from January 2014 to January 2017 who were non responders to or relapsers after the treatment of propranolol, prednisone, pingyangmycin and lauromacrogol(5 cases RKHE, 5 cases RKHE plus KMS, age ranged from 6 days to 9 years); patients were treated with sirolimus at the dosage of 0.035 ml/(kg·d), once a day, for 6-410 days; the diagnosis of 10 patients were confirmed by pathological biopsy and immunohistochemical examination(IHC); the difference of the coagulation parameters and the platelet counts, the size of tumor and ecchymosis at different stages of treatment were recorded and measured by scale and ultrasonography; the side effects of sirolimus were recorded as well.

Complexity analysis of fNIRS signals in ADHD children during working memory task.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormalities of neural activities in some brain regions, including the frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and occipital cortex. Recently, some investigators have demonstrated that nonlinear complexity analysis of neural activity may provide a new index to indicate ADHD.

Sleep Duration and Cardiometabolic Risk Among Chinese School-aged Children: Do Adipokines Play a Mediating Role?

Study Objectives: To assess the associations between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese school-aged children and to explore the possible mediating role of adipokines.

Methods: Sleep duration was collected in 3166 children from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study. Glucose homeostasis and other cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed.

Leptin and Leptin-to-Adiponectin Ratio Predict Adiposity Gain in Nonobese Children over a Six-Year Period.

Background: Previous longitudinal studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the influence of adipokines on changes in weight and body fat. We aimed to determine the predictive value of serum leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio on subsequent changes in obesity measures in children.

Methods: Two hundred forty-six obese and 532 nonobese children aged 6-11 years were remeasured for BMI and waist circumference after 6.

Antibiotic misuse among children with diarrhea in China: results from a national survey.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's biggest public health issues, and the situation in China is particularly grave. The objective of this study is to investigate the antibiotics usage pattern among Chinese children and provide further insight in developing strategies for promoting public health education.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in the study, participants are from 53,665 guardians of children aged 0-6 years, who were recruited with multistage stratified random cluster sampling in 2013/2014 from 46 community health centers in 14 provinces across China Mainland.

Genetic analysis of rare coding mutations of in congenital heart and neural tube defects in Chinese people.

The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for proper embryonic development of the neural tube and heart. Mutations in these genes have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects (NTDs), but not in congenital heart defects (CHDs) in humans. We systematically identified the mutation patterns of , one family of the core PCP genes, in human cohorts composed of 352 individuals with NTDs, 412 with CHDs and matched controls.

Identification of Genetic and Environmental Factors Predicting Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children: Data From the BCAMS Study.

Context: Available data related to the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype are mainly derived from studies in adults because studies during childhood are very limited to date.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of MHO in Chinese children and to investigate environmental and genetic factors impacting on MHO status.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.