The 2-week wait pathway for suspected head and neck cancers in patients with throat and voice symptoms: referral patterns, common clinical practice and diagnostic efficacy of NICE guidelines.

Introduction: The 2-week wait (2ww) referral pathway has been introduced into UK clinical practice to increase the early detection of cancer and improve survivals. The efficiency of this system for head and neck (H&N) cancers has been questioned over the years because of evidence of low pick-up rates. H&N cancers present with a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, particularly throat and voice symptoms.

A scoping review of randomized controlled trials of parenting and family-based interventions for 10 - 17 year-olds with severe and persistent conduct problems.

Purpose: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting and family-based interventions that aim to reduce severe and persistent conduct problems among 10-17 year-olds. The review also examined feasibility for conducting a network meta-analysis of common therapy elements measured by RCTs.

Materials And Methods: The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA- ScR).

Terminology - clarifying the current confusion and presenting the correct terminology.

Most readers will be familiar with terminology (from meetings and conferences) that we, the editors, would deem to be incorrect or confusing. In general, we all tend to accept the information conveyed to us without really questioning what the terms truly mean. Therefore, the subsequent chapters discussing the IOLs in question should be studied with this in mind since a lot of familiar terminology will be used in those chapters, which, strictly speaking, may not be in line with the most accurate terminology and classification.

Retrospective evaluation of the Complementary Health and Wellbeing (CHW) service delivered at the Christie NHS trust UK.

Introduction: The Complementary Health and Wellbeing service has been offering integrative therapies to cancer patients at The Christie Hospital NHS Trust since 1997 and has not undergone an external service evaluation in that time. It is considered a pioneering service.

Method: An external academic was invited to undertake a service evaluation based on information and experiences since the implementation of services changes as the result of the COVID 19 pandemic.

Labellable Phylogenetic Networks.

Phylogenetic networks are mathematical representations of evolutionary history that are able to capture both tree-like evolutionary processes (speciations) and non-tree-like 'reticulate' processes such as hybridization or horizontal gene transfer. The additional complexity that comes with this capacity, however, makes networks harder to infer from data, and more complicated to work with as mathematical objects. In this paper, we define a new, large class of phylogenetic networks, that we call labellable, and show that they are in bijection with the set of 'expanding covers' of finite sets.

The sponge crabs of Western Australia and the Northwest Shelf with descriptions of new genera and species (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dromiidae).

The Dromiidae of Western Australia are summarized primarily based on specimens from the collection of the Western Australian Museum and some additional material from the Australian Museum, Sydney. The genus Alainodromia McLay 1998, is recorded from Camden Sound, Australia, as a new species Alainodromia dambimangari sp. nov.

Challenging the culture of Emergency Department violence and aggression.

Aims: To examine reported levels of violence and aggression within a tertiary level emergency department in New Zealand, and to compare incident reporting within a dedicated yearly audit period to standard organisational reporting procedures.

Method: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study involving repeated yearly audits of violence and aggression reported by emergency department staff from 2014-2020.

Results: Episodes of violence and aggression were reported at high levels during audit months compared to standard reporting, suggesting current systems do not accurately reflect the presence of violence and aggression.

Treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension with preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed-dose combination therapy: 6 case reports and clinical outcomes.

Background: Treatment of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and/or ocular hypertension (OHT) focuses on achievement of target intraocular pressure (IOP), with the objective of slowing disease progression. However, ocular surface health is an important consideration in the optimization of treatment. We report 6 patient cases in which enhanced IOP control was achieved following appropriate management of ocular surface inflammation and a therapeutic switch to the preservative-free (PF) tafluprost (0.

Alignment of Borderline Personality Disorder and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder With Complex Developmental Symptomatology.

Cluster analysis of maltreatment-related mental health symptoms manifested by adolescents in foster care suggest the absence of an underlying taxonomic structure. To test this further, we investigated alignment between mental health symptom profiles derived through cluster analysis and nominal diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD), among a sample of 230 adolescents in long-term foster care. Nominal DSM-V BPD and ICD-11 C-PTSD caseness was estimated from Child Behaviour Checklist and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents score algorithms, and alignment of case assignment with previously-derived symptom profiles was examined.

Mental Health Symptom Profiles of Adolescents in Foster Care.

The article describes an investigation of the nature, patterns and complexity of carer-reported mental health symptoms for a population sample ( = 230) of adolescents (age 12-17) placed in long-term foster and kinship care following chronic and severe maltreatment. Two cluster analyses of Child Behaviour Checklist DSM-oriented (CBCL-DSM) and Assessment Checklist for Adolescents sub-scale scores of clinical cases were performed. The first yielded 8 profiles of attachment- and trauma-related symptoms as measured across eight ACA scales ( = 113 cases).

Evaluating interprofessional education: initial learning from a domestic abuse conference.

Background: The importance of multi-agency working to identify, prevent and reduce domestic abuse is widely recognised. Interprofessional learning opportunities can provide a supportive learning environment for multi-agency practitioners to explore and develop collaborative approaches to improve health outcomes for vulnerable children, young people and their families.Participants drawn from Kent GP trainees, student Health Visitors, School Nurses, Midwives, Social Workers, student Teachers and Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCOs), and postgraduate Police Officers attended this sixth annual conference.

Revision of the shell-carrying crab genus Conchoecetes Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dromiidae).

The genus Conchoecetes Stimpson, 1858, has long been considered to include three species: C. artificiosus (Fabricius, 1798), C. andamanicus Alcock, 1900, and C.

Comparing the Conformational Stability of Pyruvate Kinase in the Gas Phase and in Solution.

Collision induced unfolding (CIU) is increasingly used to characterize protein complexes in the gas phase and is often employed to detect ligand binding-induced conformational stabilization. However, the extent to which gas-phase conformational stabilities measured by CIU reflect analogous parameters in solution is not yet clear, particularly for systems where conformational and protein complex stability are modulated by point mutation. Here, we compare CIU-derived relative stabilities of four point mutants of the homotetramer pyruvate kinase to solution stabilities measured by differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and solution conformational dynamics measured by time-resolved electrospray ionization hydrogen-deuterium exchange (TRESI-HDX).

Single Portion Packaging and the Use of User Test Protocols to Determine Patient Accessibility.

In 2015, the UK National Health Service (NHS) established a taskforce to review single portion food and beverage packaging, which has been identified as a potential challenge to users in hospitals. Hence, a study was undertaken to determine the suitability and accessibility of the current single portion packs. The packaging was assessed using ISO 17480 (), Annex D.

The Current State and Future Possibilities of Mobile Phone "Voice Analyser" Applications, in Relation to Otorhinolaryngology.

Background: A large proportion of the population suffers from voice disorders. The use of mobile phone technology in healthcare is increasing, and this includes applications that can analyze voice.

Objective: This study aimed to review the potential for voice analyzer applications to aid the management of voice disorders.

Effective resource management using machine learning in medicine: an applied example.

Background: The field of medicine is rapidly becoming digitised, and in the process passively amassing large volumes of healthcare data. Machine learning and data analytics are advancing rapidly, but these have been slow to be taken up in the day-to-day delivery of healthcare. We present an application of machine learning to optimise a laboratory testing programme as an example of benefiting from these tools.

Different durations within the method of best practice affect the parameters of the speed-duration relationship.

The aim of the study was to determine whether estimates of the speed-duration relationship are affected using different time-trial (TT) field-based testing protocols, where exhaustive times were located within the generally recommended durations of 2-15 min. Ten triathletes (mean ± SD age: 31.0 ± 5.

Ten month outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy v. interpersonal psychotherapy in patients with major depression: a randomised trial of acute and maintenance psychotherapy.

Background: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are the most studied psychotherapies for treatment of depression, but they are rarely directly compared particularly over the longer term. This study compares the outcomes of patients treated with CBT and IPT over 10 months and tests whether there are differential or general predictors of outcome.

Methods: A single centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) of depressed outpatients treated with weekly CBT or IPT sessions for 16 weeks and then 24 weeks of maintenance CBT or IPT.

Understanding human resource management practices in Botswana's public health sector.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the management of the public sector health workforce in Botswana. Using institutional frameworks it aims to document and analyse human resource management (HRM) practices, and make recommendations to improve employee and health system outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws from a large study that used a mixed methods approach to assess performance of Botswana's Ministry of Health (MOH).

Comparison of inter-trial recovery times for the determination of critical power and W' in cycling.

Unlabelled: Critical Power (CP) and W' are often determined using multi-day testing protocols. To investigate this cumbersome testing method, the purpose of this study was to compare the differences between the conventional use of a 24-h inter-trial recovery time with those of 3 h and 30 min for the determination of CP and W'.

Methods: 9 moderately trained cyclists performed an incremental test to exhaustion to establish the power output associated with the maximum oxygen uptake (p[Formula: see text]), and 3 protocols requiring time-to-exhaustion trials at a constant work-rate performed at 80%, 100% and 105% of p[Formula: see text] Design: Protocol A utilised 24-h inter-trial recovery (CP/W'), protocol B utilised 3-h inter-trial recovery (CP/W'), and protocol C used 30-min inter-trial recovery period (CP/W').

Effects of maltreatment and parental schizophrenia spectrum disorders on early childhood social-emotional functioning: a population record linkage study.

Aims: Childhood maltreatment and a family history of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) are each associated with social-emotional dysfunction in childhood. Both are also strong risk factors for adult SSDs, and social-emotional dysfunction in childhood may be an antecedent of these disorders. We used data from a large Australian population cohort to determine the independent and moderating effects of maltreatment and parental SSDs on early childhood social-emotional functioning.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Perceptual Training Game for Tinnitus Therapy.

Objective: Abnormal executive top-down control of attention may result in, or be a consequence of, tinnitus. On the basis of a study indicating the feasibility of a game designed to treat tinnitus, a Phase II controlled trial of an auditory attention training game was undertaken.

Materials And Methods: Measures of tinnitus, as well as behavioral and electrophysiological measures of attention, were compared before and after 20 consecutive days of 30-minute training sessions using a game developed with LabVIEW™ software (National Instruments Corp.

Recombinant, truncated B. circulans keratanase-II: Description and characterisation of a novel enzyme for use in measuring urinary keratan sulphate levels via LC-MS/MS in Morquio A syndrome.

Objective: Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IVA; MPS IVA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. Early and accurate diagnosis of this condition is critical for improved patient outcomes, particularly as enzyme replacement therapy has recently become available. An LC-MS/MS assay utilising keratan sulphate (KS) disaccharides derived from keratanase-II digestion provides a sensitive and specific means for quantitation of urinary KS, a screening biomarker for Morquio A (Oguma et al.