Lifestyle intervention based on exercise and behavioural counselling and its effect on physical and psychological health in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. An exploratory, pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often lead unhealthy lifestyles. This pragmatic trial evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention, consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise program and behavioural counselling, in SSD outpatients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). It also aimed to assess persistence of potential effects in a 24-month long-term follow-up.

Multiorgan retrieval and preservation of the thoracic and abdominal organs in Maastricht III donors.

This editorial describes the indications and technical aspects of the simultaneous retrieval of thoracic and abdominal organs in Maastricht III donors as well as the preservation of such organs until their implantation.

First study on the peptidergic innervation of the brain superior sagittal sinus in humans.

The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) of the mammalian brain is a pain-sensitive intracranial vessel thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine headaches. Here, we aimed to investigate the presence and the potential co-localization of some neurotransmitters in the human SSS. Immunohistochemical and double-labeling immunofluorescence analyses were applied to paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded, coronal sections of the SSS.

Slowed reaction time in HIV-1-seropositive intravenous drug users without AIDS.

One hundred and fourteen subjects with a history of intravenous drug abuse (65 subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, and 49 seronegative controls) were evaluated with a reaction time (RT) test which included one measure of simple RT and three measures of complex RT. All seropositive patients were in HIV stages A or B. The multivariate analysis of covariance controlled for age, educational level and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score, showed differences between seropositive subjects and controls: the seropositive group scored slower than the control group on two RT tasks, simple RT and a more complex RT measure.

Factors associated with neuropsychological performance in HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS.

Background: Previous research has suggested that several factors may influence the presence of cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cognitive reserve capacity and other variables on neuropsychological performance in early HIV infection.

Methods: The neuropsychological performance of 100 HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS (71 men and 29 women) was compared with that of 63 seronegative controls (51 men and 12 women).

Impaired cyclic AMP production in the hippocampus of a Down syndrome murine model.

Behavioral and learning disturbances have been found in mice with partial trisomy 16, a new model for Down syndrome. Basal production of cyclic AMP in the hippocampus of trisomic mice was shown to be impaired. In addition, the responses of adenylyl cyclase to the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors with isoprenaline and of the catalytic subunit with forskolin were both severely depressed.

Why people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity consult a doctor.

This epidemiological investigation examines factors determining medical consultation in people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity. About 54% of people with probable minor psychiatric morbidity and about 23% of the (numerically much greater) remainder with lower probability of psychiatric morbidity consulted a doctor, usually a primary care physician, in the two weeks prior to a research interview. Medical consultation rates were higher in females than in males.

Mental health and medical consultation in primary care settings.

This paper examines the effect of psychiatric morbidity, as measured by the GHQ-60, on the probability of being in contact with a primary care physician, and the socio-demographic factors which influenced this effect. We found that the presence of psychiatric morbidity emerged as a major determinant of primary care utilization in both sexes, and about one-sixth of consultations in men and one-fifth of consultations in women could be attributed to it. Logistic modelling was used to investigate the joint effect on general practitioner consultation of psychiatric morbidity and seven socio-demographic variables.

Psychiatric morbidity and physical illness in health centres.

This study examined, in health care attenders, the effect of different sociodemographic variables and physical illness on the probability of suffering from mental disorders. In health centres, the prevalence of mental disorders was 19.3% (12.

Patterns of psychotropic drug use in a Spanish rural community.

Psychotropic drug use was investigated using a two-stage survey of a random sample of persons aged 17 and over from a rural Spanish community. It was found that 6.9%, 11.