Epithelial responses to fungal pathogens.

Epithelial cells orchestrate immune responses against fungal pathogens. This review highlights advances in integrating epithelial cells in immune responses against inhaled molds and dimorphic fungi, and against Candida species that colonize mucosal surfaces. In the lung, epithelial cells respond to interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon signaling to regulate effector cell influx and fungal killing.

Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species.

Candida species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain undiagnosed.

spp.: the burden of a microorganism in a microbiology department.

Unlabelled: There is no precise information available on the entire workload of isolating a specific microorganism in a clinical microbiology laboratory, and the costs associated with it have not been specifically estimated. In this descriptive retrospective study conducted at the microbiology department of a general teaching hospital from January 2021 to December 2022, we assessed the workload associated with identifying species in all types of clinical samples and patients. Costs were estimated from data obtained from the hospital's finance department and microbiology laboratory cost records.

Exploring the integration of dentistry within a multidisciplinary palliative care team: does bedside dental care improve quality of life and symptom burden in inpatient palliative care patients?

Background: Despite the significant impact of oral problems on the quality of life of palliative care patients, comprehensive studies are lacking. This study is the first of its kind to address this gap by including both a dental examination and an intervention and assessing quality of life using the EORTC QLQ OH 15 questionnaire.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the impact of incorporating dentists into inpatient palliative care, with a focus on enhancing quality of life and alleviating symptom burden.

Mechanism of Vaginal Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis Induced by the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

Problem: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal fungal infection, and Candida albicans is the main causative agent. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in VVC, but the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Method Of Study: Vaginal epithelial cells were divided into three groups: control, C.

Variations in candidalysin amino acid sequence influence toxicity and host responses.

Unlabelled: causes millions of mucosal infections in humans annually. Hyphal overgrowth on mucosal surfaces is frequently associated with tissue damage caused by candidalysin, a secreted peptide toxin that destabilizes the plasma membrane of host cells thereby promoting disease and immunopathology. Candidalysin was first identified in strain SC5314, but recent investigations have revealed candidalysin "variants" of differing amino acid sequence in isolates of , and the related species , and , suggesting that sequence variation among candidalysins may be widespread in natural populations of these species.

Combinatorial actions of IL-22 and IL-17 drive optimal immunity to oral candidiasis through SPRRs.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common human fungal infection, arising typically from T cell immune impairments. IL-17 and IL-22 contribute individually to OPC responses, but here we demonstrate that the combined actions of both cytokines are essential for resistance to OPC. Mice lacking IL-17RA and IL-22RA1 exhibited high fungal loads in esophagus- and intestinal tract, severe weight loss, and symptoms of colitis.

A Streptococcus pneumoniae endolysin mutant protein ΔA146Ply elicits rapid broad-spectrum mucosal protection in mice via upregulation of GPX4 through TLR4/IRG1/NRF2 to alleviate macrophage ferroptosis.

Innovative solutions for rapid protection against broad-spectrum infections are very important in dealing with complex infection environments. We utilized a functionally inactive mutated endolysin protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae (ΔA146Ply) to immunize mice against pneumonic infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria, Candida albicans and influenza virus type A. ΔA146Ply protection relied on both immunized tissue-resident and monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and inhibited infection induced ferroptosis that upregulated expression of GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase) in alveolar macrophages.

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review.

Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women.

Antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal properties of -substituted phthalimide derivatives against species.

species comprise a ubiquitous pathogenic fungal genus responsible for causing candidiasis. They are one of the primary causatives of several mucosal and systemic infections in humans and can survive in various environments. In this study, we investigated the antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-hyphal effects of six -substituted phthalimides against three species.

A Case of Vaping-Associated Candida and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Co-infection Causing Esophagitis in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vaping have gained popularity in the last two to five years as an alternative way of consuming nicotine, as well as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), particularly in the younger population. Vaping/e-cigarettes heat nicotine/THC and other chemical components to create the vapor to be inhaled, which increases the risk of mucosal infection and esophagitis. Although tobacco smoking has been extensively studied and known to affect the oral cavity and esophagus, the effect of vaping is yet to be well-studied.

Fungal vaccines and adjuvants: a tool to reveal the interaction between host and fungi.

Fungal infections are incurring high risks in a range from superficial mucosal discomforts (such as oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) to disseminated life-threatening diseases (such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis) and becoming a global health problem in especially immunodeficient population. The major obstacle to conquer fungal harassment lies in the presence of increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents used in newly clinically isolated strains. Although recombinant cytokines and mono-/poly-clonal antibodies are added into antifungal armamentarium, more effective antimycotic drugs are exceedingly demanded.

Chitosan from the base of Flammulina velutipes stipe alleviates oral Candida albicans infection via modulating Th-17 cell differentiation and Streptococcus mutans.

The base of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) stipe are agricultural wastes generated during the cultivation of edible fungus F. velutipes with high amount of chitin.

Epithelial hypoxia maintains colonization resistance against Candida albicans.

Antibiotic treatment promotes the outgrowth of intestinal Candida albicans, but the mechanisms driving this fungal bloom remain incompletely understood. We identify oxygen as a resource required for post-antibiotic C. albicans expansion.

Candida albicans natural diversity: a resource to dissect fungal commensalism and pathogenesis.

Candida albicans is a ubiquitous fungus of humans. It is not only a component of the oral and intestinal microbiota of most healthy adults but also a major cause of mucosal disorders and life-threatening disseminated infections. Until recently, research on the biology and pathogenesis of the fungus was largely based on a single clinical isolate.

Community-based early detection of oral precancerous lesion, accessibility and utilization of oral healthcare services among Irular tribes residing at union territory of Pondicherry.

Background: The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral carcinoma and precancerous lesion, oral healthcare seeking behaviour and identify accessible areas of tobacco cessation centres and oral healthcare facilities among Irular adult tribes residing in Pondicherry.

Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence of oral carcinomas and precancerous lesion by using toluidine blue solution.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF BIOMATERIAL COLLECTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE ORAL CAVITY MUCOSA DISEASES.

Aim - to improve the methodology for collecting material from lesions of the oral mucosa for exfoliative cytological examination. A group of patients diagnosed with B37.0 Candida stomatitis was examined.

The adverse effects of mining pollutants on oral mucosa in Bellary district: A clinical and genotoxicity study.

Background: The Bellary district in Karnataka, rich in mineral resources, is a major mining industry, but prolonged exposure to mining can lead to health hazards. The study aims to assess the genotoxic impact of mining pollutants on mine workers using the micro-nucleus (MN) assay.

Setting And Design: Cross-sectional study.

Fabrication and Characterization of Pectin Films Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Buccal Delivery of Fluconazole.

Fluconazole (FZ) is a potential antifungal compound for treating superficial and systemic candidiasis. However, the use of conventional oral drug products has some limitations. The development of buccal film may be a potential alternative to oral formulations for FZ delivery.

Swallowed topical steroid therapy for eosinophilic oesophagitis in children: practical, evidence-based guidance by the BSPGHAN Eosinophilic Oesophagitis Working Group.

Objective: To develop evidence-based guidance for topical steroid use in paediatric eosinophilic oesophagitis (pEoE) in the UK for both induction and maintenance treatment.

Methods: A systematic literature review using Cochrane guidance was carried out by the British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE) Working Group (WG) and research leads to determine the evidence base for preparation, dosing and duration of use of swallowed topical steroid (STS) formulations in EoE. Seven themes relating to pEoE were reviewed by the WG, alongside the Cochrane review this formed the evidence base for consensus recommendations for pEoE in the UK.

Impact of Brief Exposure to Lysozyme and Lactoferrin on Pathogenic Attributes of Oral Candida.

Introduction And Aims: Adhesion to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) and denture acrylic surfaces (DAS), germ tube (GT) formation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), and haemolysin production are attributes associated with pathogenicity of Candida. Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are allied in causing oral candidosis. Lysozyme and lactoferrin exert antimicrobial activity on a range of oral microorganisms, including Candida.