2,911 results match your criteria: "Candidiasis Mucosal"
Retrospective Research of Cases of Oral Mucosal Diseases: Diagnosis and Management Trends.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci
July 2024
Dean, Department of OMR, RKDF Dental College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment patterns of oral mucosal disorders over 12 years in a tertiary care setting, covering the years 2010 to 2022.
- A review of 500 medical records revealed that common disorders included aphthous ulcers, oral lichen planus, and candidiasis, with squamous cell carcinoma noted in 8% of the cases.
- The findings highlight the need for personalized treatment approaches, advancements in diagnostic methods, and ongoing research to improve patient care and outcomes.
Oral Care in Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Proposal for an Oral Hygiene Protocol.
J Pers Med
September 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on the oral side effects caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. Various treatments are examined to mitigate these sequelae, and a protocol is proposed for dentists and dental hygienists to manage oncological patients. A literature search was conducted to select relevant articles addressing the effects of radiotherapy treatments on the oral cavity, with a particular focus on the development of mucositis, candidiasis, changes in salivary pH, trismus, fibrosis, and alterations in the oral biofilm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanisms of action of Lactobacillus spp. in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Braz J Biol
September 2024
Universidade Ceuma - UniCEUMA, Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, São Luís, MA, Brasil.
Article Synopsis
- * The review focuses on the mechanisms and treatment methods of Lactobacillus spp. against oral candidiasis, analyzing studies from 2012 to 2022 using keywords related to Lactobacillus and oral candidiasis.
- * Lactobacillus rhamnosus was frequently studied, demonstrating effectiveness in reducing Candida biofilm and competing for adhesion sites, suggesting its potential as a probiotic treatment for mucosal diseases, including oral candidiasis.
Article Synopsis
- The fungus and Gram-positive bacterium coexist in human mucosal areas and can become harmful when there's an imbalance in microbial populations, leading to serious infections in vulnerable individuals.
- The study reveals that the presence of the bacterium increases damage to host cells caused by the fungus, and this relationship worsens oropharyngeal candidiasis in mice.
- This increased damage is driven by enterococcal cytolysin and is influenced by physical interactions between the bacteria and host cells, as well as changes in glucose availability due to the fungus's metabolic activity.
A novel mucoadhesive film containing probiotic extract for oral candidiasis treatment: Formulation and antifungal evaluation.
Microb Pathog
November 2024
Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Probiotic strains present a new way to treat oral candidiasis, potentially outperforming traditional methods.
- The study focuses on creating mucoadhesive films using hydrophilic polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), which stick to the mouth's surface and release medication over time.
- Results showed that films with a specific blend of 54% HPMC and 26% PVA not only had good mechanical properties but also effectively inhibited the growth of Candida albicans, suggesting they could be a viable treatment option.
Characteristics of Candida albicans Derived From HIV-Positive Individuals With Oral Candidiasis: Genotyping, Phenotypic Variation, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation.
J Clin Lab Anal
October 2024
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Oral candidiasis (OC) is a common infection in HIV/AIDS patients; this study analyzed the characteristics of Candida albicans from such patients to understand its resistance and behavior.
- Researchers collected 25 C. albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients and assessed their antifungal susceptibility, ability to form biofilms, and phenotypes using standard testing methods and genetic analysis.
- Results showed high susceptibility to fluconazole, significant biofilm formation, and a prevalence of genotype B, indicating potential for serious infections, while suggesting the need for more extensive future studies.
Reduction in mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) in APECED patients is associated with elevated serum IFN-γ concentration.
Eur J Immunol
December 2024
Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are important immune cells found in mucosal organs that help defend against infections, and their presence is reduced in patients with APECED, a genetic immune disorder linked to chronic fungal infections.
- In a study involving 24 APECED patients, it was found that their circulating MAIT cells made up a smaller percentage of their T cells compared to healthy individuals, but these patient MAIT cells still showed comparable levels of IFN-γ production when stimulated.
- The study also revealed that lower proportions of MAIT cells in APECED patients correlated with higher levels of certain inflammatory markers (IFN-γ and IL-18), suggesting that even though MAITs were fewer
is a dominant in the murine oral mucosa and has chitinase activity that compromises fungal cell wall integrity.
mBio
October 2024
Department of General Dentistry, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The oral microbiome significantly influences both health and disease, with oral microorganisms, particularly lactobacilli, playing a key role in limiting fungal infections such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC).
- Strain MT4, an oral lactobacilli isolated from mice, is dominant in the oral mucosa and exhibits chitinase activity that damages the cell walls of fungi, reducing the severity of OPC.
- The research highlights strain MT4’s potential as a novel probiotic therapy for managing oral fungal infections and emphasizes the importance of oral bacteria interactions in maintaining oral health.
Evolutionary dynamics in gut-colonizing Candida glabrata during caspofungin therapy: Emergence of clinically important mutations in sphingolipid biosynthesis.
PLoS Pathog
September 2024
Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey, United States of America.
Article Synopsis
- * Resistance mutations in the β-glucan synthase genes (FKS1 and FKS2) are linked to treatment failures, but other unidentified factors influence echinocandin susceptibility.
- * Research on C. glabrata in mice treated with caspofungin revealed rapid genetic changes, including mutations in the FEN1 gene that increase resistance by affecting phytosphingosine levels, which also occurs in clinical strains.
Unlocking the potential of capsaicin in oral health (Review).
Biomed Rep
November 2024
Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia.
Article Synopsis
- * Studies suggest it can help with oral neuropathic pain, trigeminal neuralgia, and fighting oral pathogens linked to dental issues, but more research is needed for optimal dosages and effects on nonpathogenic bacteria and viruses.
- * Human-based research is essential to understand how capsaicin works at a molecular level, which could lead to better treatments for oral health problems.
Landscape of in situ cytokine expression, soluble C-type lectin receptors, and vitamin D in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Med Mycol
September 2024
Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 050026, Colombia.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the immune response differences in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) compared to healthy women, highlighting reduced neutrophil function and altered immune cell activation.
- Researchers analyzed vaginal tissue for immune-related gene expression and serum levels of key proteins, finding significant changes in cytokine profiles and lower levels of the immune protein mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in RVVC patients.
- Results suggest that these immune alterations may contribute to the inflammatory responses observed in RVVC, indicating an imbalance in both innate and adaptive immunity against Candida infections.
Treatment-emergent Candida infections in patients with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis treated with ixekizumab: an integrated safety analysis of 25 clinical studies.
Expert Opin Drug Saf
October 2024
Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- This safety analysis examines the occurrence of mucosal/cutaneous Candida infections in patients using ixekizumab (IXE) for treating psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis.
- Data from 25 clinical studies indicated a low incidence rate of 1.2-2.0 per 100 patient-years, with most infections being mild, typically single occurrences, and largely resolved during the studies without requiring treatment discontinuation.
- Overall, the findings suggest that the risk of Candida infections with IXE is low and usually mild-to-moderate in severity, with effective management strategies in place.
Mannosidases, Dfg5 and Dcw1, Are Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Pathogenesis.
J Fungi (Basel)
July 2024
Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses how a fungus, which normally coexists harmlessly in the mouth, can become a harmful pathogen, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to infections known as candidiasis.
- It highlights the rising problem of antifungal drug resistance and the urgent need for new treatments, identifying two specific enzymes, Dfg5 and Dcw1, as promising drug targets due to their vital roles in maintaining the fungus's cell wall integrity and shape.
- The study finds that mutations in Dfg5 and Dcw1 disrupt essential functions related to cell wall integrity and hyphal morphogenesis, affecting the fungus's ability to cause disease in a mouse model of oral candidiasis.
Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of flavonoids against : Focus on 3,2'-dihydroxyflavone as a potential therapeutic agent.
Biofilm
December 2024
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Effective management of microbial biofilms is vital in food and medical settings, particularly regarding the opportunistic fungus responsible for candidiasis and drug-resistant infections.
- This study explored the antifungal and antibiofilm properties of 20 flavonoids, finding that 3,2'-dihydroxyflavone (3,2'-DHF) showed significant efficacy against biofilm formation and inhibited key virulence factors.
- The research suggests that hydroxylated flavone derivatives are promising candidates for developing new antifungal agents to combat drug-resistant fungal infections.
An approach to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression at single-cell resolution in -infected mouse tongues.
mSphere
September 2024
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Current methods for studying microbial gene expression in infected tissues are limited to bulk analyses, which overlook the diversity of individual cells and the tissue's structure.
- This study introduces a new technique, HCR RNA-FISH, that allows visualization and quantification of gene transcripts at a single-cell level in the infected tongues of mice.
- By using this method, researchers observed significant variations between cells and unique patterns of mRNA expression related to oral candidiasis, enhancing our understanding of how fungal pathogens interact with host tissues.
Clinical and Biological Perspectives on Noncanonical Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Rare Subtypes.
Am J Gastroenterol
December 2024
Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is primarily caused by environmental factors like alcohol and tobacco, but it can also arise from rare non-environmental conditions that are often overlooked.
- The review emphasizes the necessity for healthcare professionals to recognize these rare diseases (like Fanconi anemia and achalasia) as high-risk for developing ESCC, advocating for early detection through endoscopic evaluation and advanced imaging techniques.
- It highlights common underlying mechanisms of malignant transformation in these conditions, such as abnormal cell growth, inflammation, and genetic instability, to improve understanding and screening strategies for ESCC.
Tailored Sticky Solutions: 3D-Printed Miconazole Buccal Films for Pediatric Oral Candidiasis.
AAPS PharmSciTech
August 2024
Department of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Article Synopsis
- This research explores 3D-printed antifungal buccal films (BFs) made from a zein-PVP polymer blend as a possible substitute for traditional antifungal oral gels, highlighting their ease of manufacturing and suitability for children.
- The films provide sustained release, with 80% of the drug miconazole being released over 2 hours, and disintegrate in under 10 minutes while adhering to buccal tissue.
- Comprehensive evaluations confirm the films' physicochemical stability, mucoadhesion, and effective antifungal activity, making them a promising option for treating fungal infections in the oral cavity.
Mucositis-associated bloodstream infections in adult haematology patients with fever during neutropenia: risk factors and the impact of mucositis severity.
Support Care Cancer
August 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- Haematology patients experiencing high-risk neutropenia are susceptible to bloodstream infections linked to mucosal barrier injuries, particularly during episodes of fever.
- A study involving 416 neutropenic haematology patients identified risk factors for these infections, noting that certain conditions like low MASCC scores and specific fungal colonizations significantly increased risk.
- Findings revealed that while low citrulline levels at fever onset correlated with candidaemia, they did not indicate the likelihood of bacterial infections; moreover, quinolone antibiotics appeared beneficial.
Co-occurrence of oral pemphigus vulgaris and herpes simplex virus infection in a young patient with Crohn's disease: report of a rare case of oral lesions during anti-TFN alpha and immunomodulator therapy.
Int J Colorectal Dis
August 2024
Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Marquês Do Paraná, 303, 4O Andar, Sala 18Zip Code, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a serious autoimmune disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes, often mimicking other oral diseases, making diagnosis difficult; it's rare for PV to co-occur with Crohn's disease, especially in younger patients.
- The main treatments typically involve systemic corticosteroids along with immunosuppressants, but medications like TNF-alpha inhibitors can potentially trigger other autoimmune conditions.
- A case study details a young woman with Crohn's, treated with infliximab, who developed PV, leading to subsequent oral lesions and requiring a variety of treatments including corticosteroids, antiviral medications, and methotrexate for management.*
Case Series of HIV-Associated Oral Lesions Across Different Clinical Stages in People Living with HIV.
HIV AIDS (Auckl)
July 2024
Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Article Synopsis
- HIV can cause oral mucosal lesions at any stage of infection, despite treatment advancements with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
- A study involved five patients with canker sores, revealing a variety of oral lesions associated with different HIV stages and highlighting risk factors like poor hygiene and low immune function.
- Treatment and care strategies, including improving oral hygiene and managing comorbidities, are important for addressing these lesions and enhancing overall health in people living with HIV.
Effect of Low-level Laser Therapy on Colonies Isolated From Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer.
J Lasers Med Sci
May 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Studies on head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy have revealed increased numbers of spp., leading to oral candidiasis and oral mucositis. The effects of laser therapy on spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapy of traditional Chinese medicine in Candida spp. and Candida associated infections: A comprehensive review.
Fitoterapia
September 2024
Laboratory of Anti-infection and Immunity, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Zhijing Building, 350 Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei 230012, Anhui, PR China. Electronic address:
Candida spp. are commonly a group of opportunistic dimorphic fungi, frequently causing diverse fungal infections in immunocompromised or immunosuppressant patients from mucosal disturbs (oropharyngeal candidiasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) to disseminated infections (systemic candidiasis) with high morbidity and mortality. Importantly, several Candida species can be isolated from diseased individuals with digestive, neuropathic, respiratory, metabolic and autoimmune diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of mucoadhesive polymeric matrices and liposomes for local delivery of miconazole: A new approach for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Int J Pharm
August 2024
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address:
Since the local treatment of oral candidiasis usually requires long-term administration of the antifungal drug, an ideal dosage form should be able to maintain the drug release over an extended period, assuring an adequate concentration at the infection site. In this context, we have considered the possibility of a buccal delivery of miconazole nitrate (MN) by mucoadhesive polymeric matrices. The loading of the antifungal drug in a hydrophilic matrix was made possible by taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of liposomes (LP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMight photobiomodulation therapy interfere with the frequency of severe mucositis and oral candidiasis? A retrospective analysis in patients with head and neck carcinoma.
Support Care Cancer
July 2024
Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, Praça Joana Angélica, No. 250Zip Code: 45988-058, Bahia, Brazil.
Purpose: Considering the tumor in the oral cavity or the oropharynx and nasopharynx region might be an aggravating factor for oral mucositis (OM) manifestation, the present study aimed to evaluate whether the location of the tumor and the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) might affect the frequency of oral candidiasis (OC) during radiotherapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy (CT) treatments.
Methods: The medial records of seventy-four patients with head and neck cancer treated in a public service from 2016 to 2019 were evaluated. All these patients were submitted to RT in an accumulated dose of 48 to 70 Gy of radiation.