Rethinking BCC diagnosis: Automating concept-specific detection of BCC in dermatoscopic images.

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a prevalent type of skin cancer in which the inherent subjectivity of dermoscopy poses diagnostic challenges. Existing AI systems, which provide mainly image-level insights, lack the interpretability that is crucial for effective clinical decisions and patient education.

Patients And Methods: Our study developed a refined BCC dataset from the Human‒Machine Adversarial Model (HAM10000), which was annotated by clinicians to identify key diagnostic features.

Topical riboflavin versus 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate acne: A split-face randomized study.

Background: ALA-PDT has been widely used in mild to moderate acne vulgaris worldwide. However, very few studies used riboflavin-PDT to treat acne vulgaris.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and adverse events of riboflavin-PDT to treat mild to moderate facial acne, and compare it with ALA-PDT on a non-inferiority basis.

Enhancing Epstein-Barr virus detection in IBD patients with XAI and clinical data integration.

Background: There is increasing evidence of a link between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and gastrointestinal cancers, particularly in immunocompromised patients and those on thiopurines. Traditional endoscopic techniques have limitations in diagnosing EBV, whereas standard methods for diagnosing EBV have practical challenges in regular clinical settings related to their invasiveness and high costs.

Methods: An explainable AI (XAI) model was developed to analyze 1598 endoscopic images from 287 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a focus on detecting EBV infection.

Influence of hair presence on dermoscopic image analysis by AI in skin lesion diagnosis.

The escalating rates of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers highlight the urgent need for enhanced diagnostic tools. This study evaluates the effect of hair presence in dermoscopic images on AI-driven skin lesion recognition, using 10,015 images from the HAM10000 collection. Images were categorized based on the extent of hair occlusions to assess their impact on AI performance.

AI fusion of multisource data identifies key features of vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a skin disorder that is associated with a decreased risk of skin cancer, but it can lead to increased susceptibility to sunburn, psychological distress, and disruptions in daily life, consists of two primary subtypes: segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo, each with distinct underlying mechanisms. However, the reliable identification of diagnostic markers and the ability to differentiate between these subtypes have remained elusive challenges. This study aims to pioneer predictive algorithms for vitiligo diagnosis, harnessing the capabilities of AI (Artificial Intelligence) to amalgamate multisource data and uncover essential features for distinguishing vitiligo subtypes.

Retrosynthetic analysis via deep learning to improve pilomatricoma diagnoses.

Background: Pilomatricoma, a benign childhood skin tumor, presents diagnostic challenges due to its manifestation variations and requires surgical excision upon histological confirmation of its characteristic cellular features. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) advancements in pathology promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy and treatment approaches for this neoplasm.

Methods: We employed a multiscale transfer learning model, initiating the training process at high resolutions and adapting to broader scales.

A Case Report of JAK Inhibitors Therapy for Adult-Onset Still's Disease with Persistent Pruritic Lesions.

Background And Objective: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a recognized autoinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The standard initial management for AOSD includes conventional corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In cases that are resistant to these treatments, additional therapeutic options such as immunosuppressants, biologics, and other alternative treatments may be considered.

Five Undescribed Sesquiterpenes with Anti-Inflammasome Activity Isolated from Saussurea Laniceps.

Five previously undescribed guaialactone-type sesquiterpenes (1-5), called Lanicepsmines A-E, along with eleven know compounds (6-16), were isolated from the whole plant of Saussurea laniceps. NMR spectroscopic data analysis and MASS permitted the definition of their structures. The stereochemistry of the compounds was confirmed by ECD calculations.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on skin based on supramolecular hyaluronic acid-ectoin.

We addressed the damage caused by internal and external factors on the skin, as well as the aging phenomenon caused by delayed repair after damage. We prepared supramolecular hyaluronic acid-ectoin (HA-ECT) by combining theoretical calculations and experimental research, using intermolecular forces between hyaluronic acid and ectoin. This supramolecule has good stability, safety, and skin permeability and can penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin, reaching the epidermis and dermis of the skin.

promotes hair-follicle recovery via FGF2-PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

Unlabelled: A previous study indicated that patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) have significantly reduced levels of . This study investigates whether promotes hair-follicle recovery and its possible mechanism. Hair alteration and cutaneous histopathological changes induced by testosterone propionate were observed by H&E and bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU) stain to evaluate the therapeutic effect of in C57BL/6 J mice.

SIRT7 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis to render the adaptive resistance to MAPK inhibition in melanoma.

Melanoma, arising from the malignant transformation of melanocytes, stands as the most lethal type of skin cancer. While significant strides have been made in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, substantially enhancing therapeutic efficacy, the prognosis for melanoma patients remains unoptimistic. SIRT7, a nuclear-localized deacetylase, plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and adapting to external stressors in melanoma, with its activity closely tied to intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

Smart diabetic foot ulcer scoring system.

Current assessment methods for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lack objectivity and consistency, posing a significant risk to diabetes patients, including the potential for amputations, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic tools and care standards in the field. To address this issue, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the Smart Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scoring System, ScoreDFUNet, which incorporates artificial intelligence (AI) and image analysis techniques, aiming to enhance the precision and consistency of diabetic foot ulcer assessment. ScoreDFUNet demonstrates precise categorization of DFU images into "ulcer," "infection," "normal," and "gangrene" areas, achieving a noteworthy accuracy rate of 95.

Genetic analysis of seven patients with inherited ichthyosis and Nagashima‑type palmoplantar keratoderma.

Inherited ichthyosis comprises a series of heterogeneous dermal conditions; it mainly manifests as widespread hyperkeratosis, xerosis and scaling of the skin. At times, overlapping symptoms require differential diagnosis between ichthyosis and several other similar disorders. The present study reports seven patients with confirmed or suspected to be associated with ichthyosis by conducting a thorough clinical and genetic investigation.

Role of co‑inhibitory molecules in the treatment of psoriasis (Review).

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal activation and infiltration of T-cells and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes (KCs). Its pathogenesis is complex and frequently accompanied by the imbalance of T-cell subpopulations, contributing to its development and further exacerbation. Therefore, the immune system, especially T-cells, is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.