Dosimetric verification of point doses for I-125 implants designed by different manufacturers in prostate brachytherapy.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the type of I-125 radioactive source on dose distribution in the planning process of ultra-low dose rate (uLDR) prostate brachytherapy.

Material And Methods: 7 patients who had undergone brachytherapy in our center were included in the study. Dose in five geometrical points were analyzed for 12 types of implants that are available on the market.

Unusual presentation of esophageal tuberculosis: a case study.

Background: Esophageal ulcers can arise not only from malignant lesions but also from benign diseases, such as tuberculosis. These ulcers may mimic the radiological features of esophageal malignancy or tuberculosis on PET/CT, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Case Presentation: A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a month-long history of progressive painful swallowing, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

An automated treatment planning portfolio for whole breast radiotherapy.

Background: Automation in radiotherapy presents a promising solution to the increasing cancer burden and workforce shortages. However, existing automated methods for breast radiotherapy lack a comprehensive, end-to-end solution that meets varying standards of care.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a complete portfolio of automated radiotherapy treatment planning for intact breasts, tailored to individual patient factors, clinical approaches, and available resources.

Prognostic significance of YKL-40 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors.

Background: YKL-40, a secretory glycoprotein, is involved in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis in human cancers. Its overexpression has been correlated with unfavorable prognosis in many human cancers. In veterinary medicine, elevated YKL-40 levels in the serum of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) were observed in our previous study.

Differences in efficacy of biweekly irinotecan plus cisplatin versus irinotecan alone in second-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer with or without prior gastrectomy.

Background: Biweekly irinotecan plus cisplatin combination therapy (BIRIP) and irinotecan monotherapy (IRI) are both expectable second-line chemotherapy (SLC) options for treating advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Although many patients receiving SLC have undergone gastrectomy, the impact of gastrectomy on SLC remains unclear, and the impact of gastrectomy may vary from regimen to regimen.

Patients And Methods: A total of 290 eligible patients registered in two randomized phase III trials evaluating BIRIP (IRI, 60 mg/m; CDDP, 30 mg/m, q2w) or IRI (150 mg/m, q2w) for patients with AGC was classified into the prior gastrectomy subgroup (PGG) or the no gastrectomy subgroup (NGG).

Usefulness of participation of endoscopic surgical skill qualification system-qualified surgeons in laparoscopic high anterior resection.

Introduction: A technical qualification system was established by the Japanese Society of Endoscopic Surgery in 2004, and its effectiveness in low anterior resection (LAR) has been reported. We herein performed a subgroup analysis of the effectiveness of the participation of technically qualified surgeons in laparoscopy-assisted high anterior resection (HAR), a procedure used for the technical qualification of surgeons.

Methods: The EnSSURE study enrolled 3188 patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal resection for rectal cancer between January 2014 and December 2016 at 56 Japanese hospitals.

Different efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors by KIT and PGFRA mutations identified in circulating tumor DNA for the treatment of refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Background: While advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are primarily treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), acquired resistance from specific mutations in KIT or PDGFRA frequently occurs. We aimed to assess the utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a modality of therapeutic decision-making in advanced GIST.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of SCRUM-Japan studies for advanced GIST patients.

Silencing the lncRNA EBLN3P Improves Prognosis in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer by Directly Targeting miR-144-3p.

The incidence of breast cancer, a malignant tumor that causes more harm to women, is increasing year by year, affecting women at a younger age. This paper describes the possible practical significance of lncRNA EBLN3P (EBLN3P) in predicting the prognosis of invasive breast cancer. EBLN3P and miR-144-3p levels in tissues and cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

Morbidity and Mortality Following Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Measuring postoperative outcomes after complex cancer operations such as pancreatectomy is vital to improve cancer surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, such data is often limited. This study aimed to review existing research and obtain baseline estimates for postoperative mortality and morbidity after pancreatic cancer surgery in LMICs.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Global Index Medicus were systematically searched for original articles published between January 2005 and May 2022.

Novel ERBB2 Variant Potentially Associated with Resistance against Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapy in ERBB2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: HER2-targeted therapies in ERBB2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are effective; however, a notable portion of patients do not respond to treatment, and secondary resistance occurs in most patients receiving these treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of treatment efficacy and resistance in patients with ERBB2-amplified mCRC who received HER2-targeted therapy by analyzing multiomics data.

Experimental Design: We investigated genomic data from a nationwide large cancer genomic screening project, the SCRUM-Japan project.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with brain and/or leptomeningeal metastases: an updated overall survival analysis using data from a multicenter retrospective study (ROSET-BM).

We provide updated results (median follow-up duration: 20.4 months) of a retrospective study on the effectiveness of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer with brain metastases (BM) and/or leptomeningeal disease (ROSET-BM). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.

State of the art of cervical cancer treatment in rare histologies.

The objective of this review is to summarize the current scientific evidence to formulate clinical recommendations regarding the classification, diagnostic approach, and treatment of rare histological subtypes of cervical cancer; neuroendocrine carcinoma, gastric-type mucinous adenocarcinoma, and glassy cell adenocarcinoma. These histological subtypes are generally characterized by their low frequency, aggressive biological behavior, certain chemoradioresistance, and consequently, high recurrence rates with a deleterious impact on survival. Molecular studies have identified several associated mutations in neuroendocrine carcinoma (PIK3CA, MYC, TP53, PTEN, ARID1A, KRAS, BRCA2) and gastric-type adenocarcinoma (KRAS, ARID1A, PTEN) that may serve as molecular targets.