In vitro urease inhibition screening of some edible and medicinal herbs to combat Helicobacter pylori related gastric diseases.

Prevalence of gastric diseases caused by Helicobacter Pylori bacteria is very common especially in developing countries. H. pylori is not only responsible for initiating gastric complaints like gastritis and peptic ulcer but may also lead to gastric cancer.

Adapting the MUSIQ Calculator for Practice Facilitators to Evaluate Primary Care Clinic Performance in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Quality Improvement Project.

The Model for Understanding Success in Quality (MUSIQ) is a framework designed to understand the contextual factors that can influence healthcare quality improvement (QI) initiative implementation. The MUSIQ calculator was originally developed to help clinics identify contextual factors that may affect QI success. This retrospective study adapted the MUSIQ calculator to serve as an evaluative tool for practice facilitators engaged in a colorectal cancer screening initiative.

Integration of Circulating Tumor DNA and Metabolic Parameters on F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Outcome Prediction in Unresectable Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This prospective study explores the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and positron emission tomography/computed tomograpy (PET/CT) in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The discovery set includes 62 patients, with 62 baseline and 53 post-CRT plasma samples. PET/CT is performed at baseline, and 33 patients undergo mid-treatment scans after 40 Gy.

Targeting Replication Fork Processing Synergizes with PARP Inhibition to Potentiate Lethality in Homologous Recombination Proficient Ovarian Cancers.

Synthetic lethality in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient cancers caused by Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has been classically attributed to its role in DNA repair. The mode of action of PARPi and resistance thereof are now believed to be predominantly replication associated. Therefore, effective combinatorial approaches of targeting replication fork processing along with HR-downregulation to target HR-proficient and possibly PARPi-resistant tumors are warranted.

FcγRIIB (CD32B) antibodies enhance immune responses through activating FcγRs.

Fc receptors (FcR) play a key role in coordinating responses from both the innate and adaptive immune system. The inhibitory Fc gamma receptor (FcγRIIB/CD32B; referred to as FcγRII in mice) restrains the immune response, specifically through regulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) effector functions. FcγRII-deficient mice demonstrate elevated incidence and severity of autoimmunity and increased responses to immunization and infections.

Principles of optimal multidisciplinary management of prostate cancer in clinical practice.

Advances in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer have significantly changed the disease landscape. While benefiting from better oncological outcomes, patients are now experiencing higher rates of non-cancer comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease. The increasing impact of cardiovascular disease in those with prostate cancer led to the expanding role of cardio-oncology professionals in enhancing the multidisciplinary care of these patients.

'I was eager to do anything I could to improve the situation': a qualitative study of patients' experiences and views of prehabilitation for ovarian cancer surgery.

Background: Prehabilitation has shown promise in improving post-operative outcomes for several solid tumour groups. However, prehabilitation programmes are not widely established. Patients with advanced ovarian cancer experience life changing debulking surgery and could benefit from prehabilitation.

Functional nanozyme system for synergistic tumor immunotherapy via cuproptosis and ferroptosis activation.

Elevated copper levels induce tumor cuproptosis and ferroptosis, leading to immunogenic cell death and subsequent antitumor immune responses. However, dysregulated copper metabolism in tumor cells maintains homeostatic copper balance, while hypoxic microenvironments hinder therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we present a nanozyme system, termed CussOMEp, comprising a copper-based nanovector (CussNV) that is PEGylated and loaded with omeprazole, a copper transporter inhibitor, to enhance tumor synergistic immunotherapy by promoting cuproptosis and ferroptosis.

cfDNA hydroxymethylcytosine profiling for detection metastasis and recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: A blood-based approach to monitor metastasis and recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains undeveloped. This study aimed to establish a dependable model utilizing cfDNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) signatures to detect these conditions in ESCC.

Methods: The 5hmC-Seal technique was employed to generate comprehensive 5hmC profiles from the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 122 ESCC patients, classified into 72 with metastasis, 50 without metastasis, 30 with recurrence, and 92 without recurrence.

Assessing the Impact of Lymphedema Therapy Referral on Breast Cancer Survivors' Lymphedema Knowledge: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Lymphedema is a common problem that adversely impacts quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Although lymphedema risk is modifiable through behavior change, there is no standardized approach to educate survivors about risk-lowering strategies. Furthermore, misconceptions about lymphedema risk factors and risk-lowering strategies are common.

Are monocytes a preferable option to develop myeloid cell-based therapies for solid tumors?

In the last two decades, novel and promising cell-based therapies have populated the treatment landscape for haematological tumors. However, commonly exploited T and NK cell-based therapies show limited applicability to solid tumors. This is mainly given by the impaired tumor trafficking capability and limited effector activity of these cells within a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Global, regional, and national burden of kidney cancer and attributable risk factors in adults aged 65 years and older from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.

Background: Identifying the past and future burden of kidney cancer (KC) and its temporal trends among older adults (≥ 65 years) at global, regional, and national levels is critical for effective prevention strategies.

Methods: The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2021. These indicators were stratified by sex, age, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Assessing aesthetic outcomes of different incision types for nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by radiation therapy in prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction: a retrospective study.

Background: This study analyzes the aesthetic outcomes associated with inframammary fold (IMF) incisions compared to radial incisions, with or without a periareolar component (referred to as periareolar/radial, PR), considering nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) followed by prepectoral direct-to-implant (DTI) reconstruction and subsequent post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). We assessed changes in breast and nipple symmetry, nipple-to-IMF distance, and nipple Y-axis coefficients to understand how different incisions influence post-radiation aesthetic outcomes.

Methods: Forty patients who underwent NSM and prepectoral DTI reconstruction followed by PMRT between September 2019 and December 2022 in a single institution were included.

Predicting anastomotic leak in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using a nomogram based on CT radiomic and clinicopathologic factors.

Background: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a common complication in patients with operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and radical esophagectomy. Therefore, this study aimed to establish and validate a nomogram to predict the occurrence of AL.

Methods: Between March 2016 and December 2022, ESCC patients undergoing NCRT and radical esophagectomy were retrospectively collected in China.

Effect of delayed isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on cell viability and functionality.

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are valuable biomarkers, providing crucial insights into the patients' immune system. Reliable biobanking of PBMCs is essential to minimize heterogeneity. In multicenter trials, blood sample transportation to central laboratories can increase the time between blood collection and PBMC isolation.

Long-term mortality impact of postoperative hyperactive delirium in older hip fracture surgery patients.

Background: Postoperative hyperactive delirium is a common and serious complication in older patients undergoing surgery, but the association between delirium and mortality remains controversial. Compared to other delirium subtypes, hyperactive delirium is characterized by more overt clinical manifestations, facilitating accurate detection and evaluation. This study aimed to clarify this association by comparing long-term mortality between patients with and without postoperative hyperactive delirium, using propensity score matching for robust analysis.

Risk prediction and early intervention strategies for persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) face heightened mortality and accelerated disease progression when persistently infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This critical situation underscores the urgent need to identify risk factors and establish early intervention strategies tailored to this vulnerable population. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors associated with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHL patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy outcomes in peritoneal carcinomatosis: 11-year tertiary-center experience.

Background: Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are techniques developed for curative treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Studies have shown that CRS + HIPEC provides a survival advantage in PC, and long-term survival can be achieved in selected cases. This study aimed to evaluate CRS + HIPEC cases performed for curative purposes and to examine the prognostic factors.

Falls among geriatric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk across cancer types.

Background: Falls represent a significant health concern among the older adults, particularly geriatric cancer patients, due to their increased susceptibility from both age-related and cancer treatment-related factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global data on the prevalence and risk of falls in this population to inform targeted fall prevention strategies.

Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to October 2024.

Proteomics-driven discovery of LCAT as a novel biomarker for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Background: This study aimed to identify molecular markers that influence liver metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and assess their clinical relevance.

Methods: Proteomic analysis compared differential protein expression between CRC patients with liver metastasis (CRLM) and those without (CRNLM). Bioinformatics and survival analyses identified key proteins and validated them using the TCGA database for expression and clinical significance.

Acceptability of risk-based breast cancer screening among professionals and healthcare providers from 6 countries contributing to the MyPeBS study.

Background: To evaluate the acceptability of a risk-based breast cancer screening (BCS) strategy among professionals involved in MyPeBS study in 6 countries.

Methods: After qualitative interviews, a questionnaire was built with a Delphi method: to evaluate professionals' basic understanding, satisfaction and reactions to each stage of the trial, opinions on BCS and its future. The questionnaire was distributed by emailing 698 investigators, who forwarded it to all categories of professionals involved in trial recruitment (physicians, medical secretaries, nurses, and mammography technicians).

Insulin resistance and cancer: molecular links and clinical perspectives.

The association between insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cancer is increasingly recognized and poses an escalating global health challenge, as the incidence of these conditions continues to rise. Studies indicate that individuals with T2DM have a 10-20% increased risk of developing various solid tumors, including colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and liver cancers. The relative risk (RR) varies depending on cancer type, with pancreatic and liver cancers showing a particularly strong association (RR 2.

Uncovering the genetic variation spectrum of colorectal polyposis from a multicentre cohort in China.

This multicentre study addresses the genetic spectrum of colorectal polyposis in China. We analyzed 120 patients with over 10 adenomas using a 139-gene next-generation sequencing panel and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Findings revealed that 89 patients carried pathogenic germline variants, primarily in the APC gene.

The membrane-proximal external region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimers in A18-lipid nanodiscs.

During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry, the metastable pretriggered envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer ((gp120/gp41)) opens asymmetrically. We present cryo-EM structures of cleaved asymmetric Env trimers in amphipol-lipid nanodiscs. The gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) could be traced in Env protomers that remained close to the nanodisc despite Env tilting.