192,973 results match your criteria: "Cancer Immunotherapy & Innovative Therapy Department at National Cancer Institute of Naples[Affiliation]"

Novel Modifications and Delivery Modes of Cyclic Dinucleotides for STING Activation in Cancer Treatment.

Int J Nanomedicine

January 2025

Division of Gastric Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

The microenvironment tends to be immunosuppressive during tumor growth and proliferation. Immunotherapy has attracted much attention because of its ability to activate tumor-specific immune responses for tumor killing. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is an innate immune pathway that activates antitumor immunity by producing type I interferons.

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Mitochondria-Targeting Type-I Photodynamic Therapy Based on Phenothiazine for Realizing Enhanced Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death via Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.

Int J Nanomedicine

January 2025

Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Photo-immunotherapy faces challenges from poor immunogenicity and low response rate due to hypoxic microenvironment. This study presents Rh-PTZ, a small organic molecule with a D-π-A structure, that simultaneously amplifies mitochondria-targeted type-I PDT-dependent immune stimulation for the treatment of hypoxic cancer.

Methods: The hydrophobic Rh-PTZ was encapsulated into F127 to prepare Rh-PTZ nanoparticles (Rh-PTZ NPs).

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Case report of entrectinib associated fulminant myocarditis.

Eur Heart J Case Rep

January 2025

Department of Cardiology, York Hospital, WellSpan Health, 30 Monument Rd, York, PA 17403, USA.

Background: ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors are one of the primary immunotherapies for fusion-positive cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have markedly improved outcomes for advanced cancers previously with poor prognosis. Entrectinib is an example of an ROS1 inhibitor that can be used for lung adenocarcinoma.

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Beyond Tumor Borders: Intratumoral Microbiome Effects on Tumor Behavior and Therapeutic Responses.

Immune Netw

December 2024

Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco.

The human body contains a diverse array of microorganisms, which exert a significant impact on various physiological processes, including immunity, and can significantly influence susceptibility to various diseases such as cancer. Recent advancements in metagenomic sequencing have uncovered the role of intratumoral microbiome, which covertly altered the development of cancer, the growth of tumors, and the response to existing treatments through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms involve mainly DNA damage induction, oncogenic signaling pathway activation, and the host's immune response modulation.

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T Cell Resistance: On the Mechanisms of T Cell Non-activation.

Immune Netw

December 2024

The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.

Immunological tolerance is a fundamental arm of any functioning immune system. Not only does tolerance mitigate collateral damage from host immune responses, but in doing so permits a robust response sufficient to clear infection as necessary. Yet, despite occupying such a cornerstone, research aiming to unravel the intricacies of tolerance induction is mired by interchangeable and often misused terminologies, with markers and mechanistic pathways that beg the question of redundancy.

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Background: Despite significant advancements in the treatment of malignant melanoma, metastatic mucosal melanoma remains a therapeutic challenge due to its complex pathogenesis, distinct pathological characteristics, and limited response to immunotherapy. Combining different immunotherapeutic approaches offers a potential strategy to address these challenges. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy and oncolytic virus therapy represent promising treatment modalities that may synergize with each other.

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Background: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is a personalized immunotherapy. The efficacy of TIL-ACT has been demonstrated prospectively in patients with advanced melanoma but is not limited to melanoma patients. Many patients are refractory to TIL-ACT, however, or their cancer becomes resistant.

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Background: Patients with cancer treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a substantial risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The association between ICI-induced inflammation and hypercoagulability is unclear, and no biomarkers currently exist to stratify VTE risk.

Objectives: The authors sought to determine the association between the early changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) after ICI initiation and the risk of VTE.

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The exponential growth of the cancer neuroscience field has shown that the host's immune, vascular, and nervous systems communicate with and influence each other in the tumor microenvironment, dictating the cancer malignant phenotype. Unraveling the nervous system's contributions toward this phenotype brings us closer to cancer cures. In this review, we summarize the peripheral nervous system's contributions to cancer.

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Melanoma antigen gene-A2 (MAGE-A2) is one of the most cancer-testis antigens overexpressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the expression of MAGE-A2 for clinical values in the pathophysiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is unknown. For the first time, the present study was conducted to examine the expression and prognostic significance of MAGE-A2 expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC).

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Purpose: Glioma is the most prevalent tumor of the central nervous system. The poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic efficacy underscore the urgent need for early diagnosis and an optimized prognostic approach for glioma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify sensitive biomarkers for glioma.

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Purpose Of Review: Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are comprised of a heterogenous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that can be difficult to treat and are often refractory to standard therapies. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most common subtypes, accounting for the majority of CTCLs. There is no standard of care, and no treatments are curative.

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Immunotherapy is improving the survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet reliable biomarkers are needed to identify responders prospectively and optimize patient care. In this study, we explore the benefits of multimodal approaches to predict immunotherapy outcome using multiple machine learning algorithms and integration strategies. We analyze baseline multimodal data from a cohort of 317 metastatic NSCLC patients treated with first-line immunotherapy, including positron emission tomography images, digitized pathological slides, bulk transcriptomic profiles, and clinical information.

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DNA methylation of ACADS promotes immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cell Biosci

January 2025

Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Altered metabolism has become an important characteristic of cancer, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short-chain (ACADS), a regulator of lipid synthesis, is involved in carcinogenesis-associated metabolic pathways. DNA methylation is an important mechanism for silencing ACADS in various malignancies. However, the specific role of ACADS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis remains poorly understood.

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Integrative analysis of Ewing's sarcoma reveals that the MIF-CD74 axis is a target for immunotherapy.

Cell Commun Signal

January 2025

Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.

Background: Ewing's sarcoma (EwS), a common pediatric bone cancer, is associated with poor survival due to a lack of therapeutic targets for immunotherapy or targeted therapy. Therefore, more effective treatment options are urgently needed.

Methods: Since novel immunotherapies may address this need, we performed an integrative analysis involving single-cell RNA sequencing, cell function experiments, and humanized models to dissect the immunoregulatory interactions in EwS and identify strategies for optimizing immunotherapeutic efficacy.

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The evolution of antitumor drug development has transitioned from single-agent chemotherapy to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and more recently, multispecific drugs. These innovative drugs target multiple cellular or molecular pathways simultaneously, offering a more comprehensive anticancer approach and addressing some of the limitations inherent in traditional monotherapies. However, preclinical assessment of multispecific drugs remains challenging, as conventional tumor models often lack the necessary complexity to accurately reflect the interactions between various cell types and targets.

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Tumor cell-derived N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate reshapes the tumor microenvironment to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.

Sci Bull (Beijing)

December 2024

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; Cancer Institutes; Department of Oncology; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. Electronic address:

Neurotransmitters are increasingly recognized to play important roles in limiting anti-tumor immunity. N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) has been extensively studied in neurological disorders; however, its potential role in restricting anti-tumor immunity has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrated that NAAG or its synthetase RimK-like family member B (RIMKLB) significantly disrupted anti-tumor immunity by rewiring the myeloid progenitor differentiation of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), which in turn promoted breast cancer growth and metastasis.

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[Immunotherapy for Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: 
Research Progress and Future Perspectives].

Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi

November 2024

The Second Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.

At present, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become the first-line standard of treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have received extensive attention and research in the field of lung cancer. At the same time, there are many challenges and tests in this process, such as the exploration of biomarkers, the exploration of new targets and new models, and the management of special populations.

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Background: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma (PPLEC) is a rare form of lung malignancy, accounting for only 0.7% of all lung cancers. It is currently classified as a distinct subtype within squamous cell carcinomas.

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Background: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is a malignant tumor with remarkable proliferative and invasive ability, which has very poor clinical prognosis due to lack of effective treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and synergistic effects of radiotherapy (RT) combined with immunotherapy (IT) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients with ES-SCLC.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 145 ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line CT.

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Introduction: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant neuroendocrine tumour, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the current recommended treatment for limited-stage SCLC. However, the overall survival (OS) of patients with SCLC remains poor. Therefore, improving the survival of patients with SCLC and benefitting more patients are urgent clinical requirements.

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer subtype characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis. The immune landscape associated with TNBC often reveals high immunogenicity. Therefore, immunotherapy, which has demonstrated its efficacy in different cancer types, could be a promising strategy for TNBC, given the limited therapeutic options currently available besides conventional chemotherapy.

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HDAC and MEK inhibition synergistically suppresses HOXC6 and enhances PD-1 blockade efficacy in BRAF-mutant microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.

J Immunother Cancer

January 2025

Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery III, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China

Background: B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)-mutant microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes a distinct CRC subgroup, traditionally perceived as minimally responsive to standard therapies. Recent clinical attempts, such as BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) monotherapy and combining BRAFi with other inhibitors, have yielded unsatisfactory efficacy. This study aims to identify a novel therapeutic strategy for this challenging subgroup.

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Background: The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), with a preference for a T cell-inflamed TIME. However, challenges in tissue-based assessments via biopsies have triggered the exploration of non-invasive alternatives, such as radiomics, to comprehensively evaluate TIME across diverse cancers. To address these challenges, we develop an ICI response signature by integrating radiomics with T cell-inflamed gene-expression profiles.

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