Lerociclib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on prior endocrine therapy: LEONARDA-1 a phase III randomized trial.

Lerociclib (GB491), a highly selective oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, has displayed anti-tumor activity and differentiated safety and tolerability profile in previous ph1/2 clinical trials. The LEONARDA-1, a randomized, double-blind, phase III study, was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lerociclib in HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients, who had relapsed or progressed on prior endocrine therapy. A total of 275 patients were randomized at 1:1 ratio to receive lerociclib (137 patients, 150 mg twice daily) or placebo (138 patients) plus fulvestrant.

Integrated proteogenomic characterization of ampullary adenocarcinoma.

Ampullary adenocarcinoma (AMPAC) is a rare and heterogeneous malignancy. Here we performed a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 198 samples from Chinese AMPAC patients and duodenum patients. Genomic data illustrate that 4q loss causes fatty acid accumulation and cell proliferation.

circTP63-N suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via engaging with HSP90AB1 to modulate the YAP1/Hippo signaling pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of various diseases, including malignant tumors. However, the biological functions and the underlying mechanisms of many circRNAs remain elusive. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circTP63-N, generated through the splicing of exons 2-4 of the TP63 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Prognostic value of combined systemic inflammation response index and prognostic nutritional index in colorectal cancer patients.

Background: The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is notably influenced by both inflammation and nutritional status. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) have been reported in prognostic studies of various tumors. However, the efficacy of the combination of the two in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients has not been studied.

Schwann Cell-Secreted S100B Promotes Wound Healing via Paracrine Modulation.

As the supply source for gingival grafts, the palatal tissue possesses marked regenerative ability after repeated wounding over the buccal attached gingiva and skin. However, the intrinsic mechanisms are poorly understood. Schwann cells reportedly participate in wound repair of many tissues.

Relationship between circulating miRNA-222-3p and miRNA-136-5p and the efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is the most dangerous stage of prostate cancer, with a high mortality rate. Docetaxel chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment methods currently, but some patients do not respond to chemotherapy. To avoid unnecessary toxicity in non-responders, this study explores the potential of circulating microRNAs as early biomarkers of docetaxel response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Mitochondrial-related drug resistance lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck that significantly impacts patients' quality of life, with chemotherapy resistance notably affecting prognosis. This study aims to identify prognostic biomarkers to optimize treatment strategies for LSCC. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), combined with mitochondrial gene database analysis, we identified mitochondrial lncRNAs associated with drug resistance genes.

Serum nutritional predictive biomarkers and risk assessment for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patients.

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the severest complications after laparoscopic surgery for middle/low rectal cancer, significantly impacting patient outcomes. Identifying reliable predictive factors for AL remains a clinical challenge. Serum nutritional biomarkers have been implicated in surgical outcomes but are underexplored as predictive tools for AL in this setting.

The Effects of Preoperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cancer Antigen 15-3 and Cancer Antigen 125 on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients With Different Molecular Subtypes.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) levels and traditional clinicopathological factors in patients with early invasive breast cancer in Xinjiang, and the influence of those serum markers on the prognosis of patients with different molecular subtypes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study based on the clinical data of 2,940 invasive breast cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2015 to 2019. Firstly, in this study, preoperative serum CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 levels were divided into elevated and normal groups based on the optimal cut-off values.

Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy as a First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 3 EXTENTORCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have poor prognoses and unmet medical needs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial (EXTENTORCH study) enrolled patients from September 26, 2019, to May 20, 2021, and was conducted at 49 sites in China.

Determining the gross tumor volume for hepatocellular carcinoma radiotherapy based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze of the differences in determining the gross tumor volume (GTV) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) radiotherapy using multi-phase contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and provide a reference for determining the GTV for radiotherapy of HCC.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 99 HCC patients (145 lesions) who underwent MR simulation. T-weighted imaging (TWI), contrast-enhanced TWI (CE-TWI) at 15 s, 45 s, 75 s, 150 s, and 20 min after contrast agent injection were performed, comprising a total of six imaging sequences.

STAVER: a standardized benchmark dataset-based algorithm for effective variation reduction in large-scale DIA-MS data.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become instrumental in comprehensively investigating complex biological systems. Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-MS, utilizing hybrid spectral library search strategies, allows for the simultaneous quantification of thousands of proteins, showing promise in enhancing protein identification and quantification precision. However, low-quality profiles can considerably undermine quantitative precision, resulting in inaccurate protein quantification.

ACL-DUNet: A tumor segmentation method based on multiple attention and densely connected breast ultrasound images.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Breast masses are one of the distinctive signs for diagnosing breast cancer, and ultrasound is widely used for screening as a non-invasive and effective method for breast examination. In this study, we used the Mendeley and BUSI datasets, comprising 250 images (100 benign, 150 malignant) and 780 images (133 normal, 487 benign, 210 malignant), respectively.

LINC00161 upregulated by M2-like tumor-associated macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by methylating HACE1 promoters.

M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAM) played an essential part in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00161 (LINC00161), is a long non-coding RNA, that was related to HCC development. However, the relationship between LINC00161 and TAM remains indistinct.

Ferroptosis: A new way to intervene in the game between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and macrophages.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main pathogen responsible for the high mortality and morbidity of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, primarily targets and invades macrophages. Infected macrophages activate a series of immune mechanisms to clear Mtb, however, Mtb evades host immune surveillance through subtle immune escape strategies to create a microenvironment conducive to its own proliferation, growth, and dissemination, while inducing immune cell death. The course of TB is strongly correlated with the form of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis.

CD133/ABCC5 cervical cancer cells exhibit cancer stem cell properties.

Objective: This study explores the correlation between Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 5 (ABCC5) in relation to paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer. It aims to identify potential cervical cancer stem cell markers, offering fresh perspectives for developing therapeutic strategies to overcome paclitaxel chemoresistance in cervical cancer.

Methods: Paclitaxel-resistant Hela cells (Hela/Taxol) were developed by intermittently exposing Hela cells to progressively increasing concentrations of paclitaxel.

Identification of costimulatory molecule signatures for evaluating prognostic risk in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, prognosis remains poor, necessitating the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers. Costimulatory molecules (CMs) have shown to enhance antitumor immune responses.