Unraveling the impact of noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma drug resistance: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor, typically managed through a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical interventions. Recent advancements in early detection and the use of novel chemotherapeutic agents have significantly improved the 5-year survival rate of OS patients. However, some patients fail to achieve the desired treatment outcomes despite undergoing intensive chemotherapy and surgicals procedures, with chemotherapy resistance emerging as a critical factor contributing to therapeutic failure in OS.

Global trends and risk factors in gastric cancer: a comprehensive analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and multi-omics data.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze GC epidemiology and risk factors to inform prevention and intervention strategies. We analyzed the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, conducted 16 different machine learning (ML) models of NHANES data, performed Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on disease phenotypes, dietary preferences, microbiome, blood-based markers, and integrated differential gene expression and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from multiple cohorts to identify factors associated with GC risk.

CASP5 associated with PANoptosis promotes tumorigenesis and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a globally severe cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. PANoptosis, a form of cell death regulated by PANoptosomes, plays a role in numerous cancer types. However, the specific roles of genes associated with PANoptosis in the development and advancement of ccRCC remain unclear.

Single-cell Atlas reveals core function of CPVL/MSR1 expressing macrophages in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with the worst prognosis among all subtypes. The impact of distinct cell subpopulations within the tumor microenvironment (TME) on TNBC patient prognosis has yet to be clarified.

Methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) integrated with bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq), we applied Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios, and cross-validated prognostic scoring using a GLMNET-based Cox model.

Affinity Peptide-Based Circularly Permuted Fluorescent Protein Biosensors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer and poses a significant public health challenge. Early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes, with serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg), and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) playing a critical role in early screening and pathological classification of NSCLC. However, due to being mainly based on corresponding antibody binding reactions, existing detection technologies for these serum biomarkers have shortcomings such as complex operations, high false positive rates, and high costs.

Nanotheranostics in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Advanced Research Progress and Future Perspectives.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with bone being the most common site of all metastatic breast cancer. Bone metastases are often associated with pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), indicating poor prognosis and poor quality of life. Most current therapies for breast cancer bone metastasis primarily serve palliative purposes, focusing on pain management, mitigating the risk of bone-related complications, and inhibiting tumor progression.

Habitat-based MRI radiomics to predict the origin of brain metastasis.

Background: This study aims to explore the value of habitat-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics for predicting the origin of brain metastasis (BM).

Purpose: To investigate whether habitat-based radiomics can identify the metastatic tumor type of BM and whether an imaging-based model that integrates the volume of peritumoral edema (VPE) can enhance predictive performance.

Methods: A primary cohort was developed with 384 patients from two centers, which comprises 734 BM lesions.

Green analytical chemistry metrics for evaluating the greenness of analytical procedures.

Green analytical chemistry (GAC) focuses on mitigating the adverse effects of analytical activities on human safety, human health, and environment. In addition to the 12 principles of GAC, proper GAC tools should be developed and employed to assess the greenness of different analytical assays. The 15 widely used GAC metrics, i.

Impact of thrombocytopenia on failure of endoscopic variceal treatment in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding.

Background: Acute variceal bleeding (AVB), a life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis, can be effectively treated by endoscopy, but there is a risk of early rebleeding after endoscopic variceal treatment (EVT). Thrombocytopenia is the most common hemostatic abnormality in liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unclear about whether thrombocytopenia increases the failure of EVT in cirrhotic patients with AVB.

Synthesis and antitumor effects of novel betulinic acid derivatives bearing electrophilic moieties.

Betulinic acid (BA) is a kind of naturally occurring lupane pentacyclic triterpenoid, possessing various biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity. Covalent inhibitors, characterized by electrophilic warheads that form covalent bonds with specific amino acid residues of target proteins, have garnered enormous attention in anticancer agent discovery over the past decade owing to their exceptional selectivity and efficacy. In this study, BA was structurally modified with electrophilic groups, and 23 derivatives of BA were synthesized.

D-ribose-5-phosphate inactivates YAP and functions as a metabolic checkpoint.

Background: Targeting glucose uptake by glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors is a therapeutic opportunity, but efforts on GLUT inhibitors have not been successful in the clinic and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aim to identify the key metabolic changes responsible for cancer cell survival from glucose limitation and elucidate its mechanism.

Methods: The level of phosphorylated YAP was analyzed with Western blotting and Phos-tag immunoblotting.

A machine learning-based model to predict POD24 in follicular lymphoma: a study by the Chinese workshop on follicular lymphoma.

Background: Disease progression within 24 months (POD24) significantly impacts overall survival (OS) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). This study aimed to develop a robust predictive model, FLIPI-C, using a machine learning approach to identify FL patients at high risk of POD24.

Methods: A cohort of 1,938 FL patients (FL1-3a) from seventeen centers nationwide in China was randomly divided into training and internal validation sets (2:1 ratio).

Hyperoxia-activated Nrf2 regulates ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and intervenes in inflammatory reaction through COX-2/PGE2/EP2 pathway.

The lack of knowledge about the mechanism of hyperoxia-induced intestinal injury has attracted considerable attention, due to the potential for this condition to cause neonatal complications. This study aimed to explore the relationship between hyperoxia-induced oxidative damage and ferroptosis in intestinal tissue and investigate the mechanism by which hyperoxia regulates inflammation through ferroptosis. The study systematically evaluated the effects of hyperoxia on oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, ferroptosis, and inflammation of intestinal epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Should all cervical cancer patients with positive lymph node receive definitive radiotherapy: a population-based comparative study.

Objective: The optimal initial management strategy for cervical cancer with lymph node metastases (LNM) remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aimed to explore the correlation between surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and definitive radiotherapy (RT), as well as their impact on the prognosis of patients with LNM.

Methods: Patients with positive lymph nodes (PLNs) in 2009 FIGO stage I-III cervical cancer were selected from SEER database.

The molecular code of kidney cancer: A path of discovery for gene mutation and precision therapy.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor with highly heterogeneous and complex molecular mechanisms. Through systematic analysis of TCGA, COSMIC and other databases, 24 mutated genes closely related to RCC were screened, including VHL, PBRM1, BAP1 and SETD2, which play key roles in signaling pathway transduction, chromatin remodeling and DNA repair. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is particularly important in the pathogenesis of RCC.

A 3D bioprinted potential colorectal tumor model based on decellularized matrix/gelatin methacryloyl/nanoclay/sodium alginate hydrogel.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now the third most common cancer worldwide. However, the development cycle for anticancer drugs is lengthy and the failure rate is high, highlighting the urgent need for new tumor models for CRC-related research. The decellular matrix (dECM) offers numerous cell adhesion sites, proteoglycan and cytokines.

Cellular components of tumor microenvironment: understanding their role in lymphatic metastasis of tumors.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in cancer patients. Tumor cells primarily spread through the hematogenous and lymphatic system. The underlying mechanisms of hematogenous metastasis have been well described over the past few decades.

Oral Lactoferrin-Responsive Formulation Anchoring around Inflammatory Bowel Region for IBD Therapy.

Oral formulation is the ideal treatment method for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy, but the mucosal damage and diarrhea symptoms impede the drug retention around the inflammatory region, severely limiting IBD therapeutic efficacy. To address this, an oral astaxanthin (Ast) precise delivery formulation is developed with the selective Ast anchoring around the inflammatory region by the novel lactoferrin (LF)-responsive flocculation. This formulation also heightens the apparent solubility of Ast with the minimized edible safety risks for the edible raw materials.

Expert consensus on sequential surgery following conversion therapy based on combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic targeted drugs for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2024 edition).

Up to half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, for which effective treatment options are lacking, resulting in a poor prognosis. Over the past few years, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and anti-angiogenic targeted therapy has proven highly efficacious in treating advanced HCC, significantly extending patients' survival and providing a potential for sequential curative surgery. After sequential curative hepatectomy or liver transplantation following conversion therapy, patients can receive long-term survival benefits.

Circulating TERT serves as the novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the resectable NSCLC.

Background: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a catalytic subunit of telomerase and required for cancer development. This study aims to reveal its clinical utility for diagnosis and prognosis of resectable NSCLC.

Methods: TERT was quantitatively evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 69 patients before and after the surgery.

The value of thoracoscopic ultrasound for the localization of ground-glass opacities with incomplete lung collapse in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely used for the resection of lung lesions. However, it is difficult to palpate or see small lesions, especially ground-glass opacities (GGOs) during VATS. Thoracoscopic ultrasound has definite value in locating pulmonary parenchymal nodules.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for human diseases.

Stem cell therapy is a novel approach for treating various severe and intractable diseases, including autoimmune disorders, organ transplants, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the extensive utilization of stem cells is constrained by potential tumorigenicity, challenges in precise differentiation, rejection concerns, and ethical considerations. Extracellular vesicles possess the ability to carry diverse bioactive factors from stem cells and deliver them to specific target cells or tissues.

Visualize PIM-1 Protein Function and Its Interaction With PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Regulated by Its Active Sites Through FRET Biosensors.

Pro-viral Insertion site for the Moloney Murine Leukemia virus 1 (PIM-1) is widely involved in various biological processes and diseases, which is based on its structure and functional sites. However, the relationship between active sites and function of PIM-1 kinase remains unclear due to the lack of effective study approaches in live cells. Herein, to visualize the effect of different active sites in PIM-1 protein on its function activity and relation with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, three mutant probes of EPHY which was developed previously based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology to detect PIM-1 kinase activity in living cells were further constructed and transfected into cells followed by treating with PIM-1 inhibitors, ATP and PI3K inhibitor, respectively.

Prognostic model based on disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs for predicting survival and therapeutic response in bladder cancer.

Background: With poor treatment outcomes and prognosis, bladder cancer remains a focus for clinical research in the precision oncology era. However, the potential of disulfidptosis, a novel cell death mechanism, and its related long non-coding RNAs to support selective cancer cell killing in this disease is still unclear.

Methods: We identified key disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs in bladder cancer, constructed a prognostic risk model with potential therapeutic targets, and confirmed the findings through quantitative PCR analysis.