Prediction of Pathologic Response in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Downstaging with Locoregional and Systemic Combination Therapy.

Background: The combination of locoregional and systemic therapy may achieve remarkable tumor response for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Objective: We aimed to investigate the correlation between radiologic and pathologic responses following combination therapy, evaluate their prognostic values, and to establish a non-invasive prediction system for pathologic response.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 112 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent locoregional and systemic combination therapy followed by liver resection or transplantation.

Utilizing machine-learning techniques on MRI radiomics to identify primary tumors in brain metastases.

Objective: To develop a machine learning-based clinical and/or radiomics model for predicting the primary site of brain metastases using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 202 patients (87 males, 115 females) with 439 brain metastases were retrospectively included, divided into training sets (brain metastases of lung cancer [BMLC]  = 194, brain metastases of breast cancer [BMBC]  = 108, brain metastases of gastrointestinal tumor [BMGiT]  = 48) and test sets (BMLC  = 50, BMBC  = 27, BMGiT  = 12). A total of 3,404 quantitative image features were obtained through semi-automatic segmentation from MRI images (T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and T1-CE).

The effect of HLA genotype on disease onset and severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency.

Introduction: Human Cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency caused by heterozygous germline mutations in is a complex immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency syndrome presenting with reduced penetrance and variable disease expressivity, suggesting the presence of disease modifiers that trigger the disease onset and severity. Various genetic and non-genetic potential triggers have been analyzed in CTLA-4 insufficiency cohorts, however, none of them have revealed a clear association to the disease. Multiple HLA haplotypes have been positively or negatively associated with various autoimmune diseases and inborn errors of immunity (IEI) due to the relevance of MHC in the strength of the T cell responses.

The global trends and distribution in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes over the past 49 years: bibliometric and visualized analysis.

Background: The body of research on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is expanding rapidly; yet, a comprehensive analysis of related publications has been notably absent.

Objective: This study utilizes bibliometric methodologies to identify emerging research hotspots and to map the distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte research.

Methods: Literature from the Web of Science database was analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, R-bibliometrix, and R packages.

SILAC-based quantification reveals modulation of the immunopeptidome in BRAF and MEK inhibitor sensitive and resistant melanoma cells.

Background: The immunopeptidome is constantly monitored by T cells to detect foreign or aberrant HLA peptides. It is highly dynamic and reflects the current cellular state, enabling the immune system to recognize abnormal cellular conditions, such as those present in cancer cells. To precisely determine how changes in cellular processes, such as those induced by drug treatment, affect the immunopeptidome, quantitative immunopeptidomics approaches are essential.

Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning to identify AhR-related gene signatures for prognosis and tumor microenvironment modulation in melanoma.

Background: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) pathway significantly influences immune cell regulation, impacting the effectiveness of immunotherapy and patient outcomes in melanoma. However, the specific downstream targets and mechanisms by which AhR influences melanoma remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: Melanoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal skin tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes, which were intersected with a curated list of AhR-related pathway genes.

Single-cell mitophagy patterns within the tumor microenvironment modulate intercellular communication, impacting the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high incidence that seriously threatens patients' lives and health. However, with the rise and application of new treatments, such as immunotherapy, there are still some restrictions in the treatment and diagnosis of HCC, and the therapeutic effects on patients are not ideal.

Methods: Two single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from HCC patients, encompassing 25,189 cells, were analyzed in the study.

Chemokine family significance and prognostic value in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global health concern, exhibits inconspicuous early symptoms, and is typically diagnosed at advanced stages leading to unfavorable outcomes. The intricate tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in CRC development and progression, where chemokines contribute significantly. These chemokines exhibit widespread expression within tumor cells, facilitating immune cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and the establishment of distant metastases.

Therapeutic effects of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles on viral myocarditis correlate with biomolecular content.

Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can potently inhibit inflammation yet there is a lack of understanding about the impact of donor characteristics on the efficacy of EVs. The goal of this study was to determine whether the sex and age of donor platelet-derived EVs (PEV) affected their ability to inhibit viral myocarditis.

Methods: PEV, isolated from men and women of all ages, was compared to PEV obtained from women under 50 years of age, which we termed premenopausal PEV (pmPEV).

Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals cancer-associated pericyte subgroup in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to predict prognosis.

Background: The role of cancer-associated pericytes (CAPs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) suggests that they are potential targets for cancer treatment. The mechanism of CAP heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear, which has limited the development of treatments for tumors through CAPs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the classification, function, cellular communication and spatial distribution of CAP subpopulations in ESCC is urgently needed.

Effective cancer immunotherapy combining mRNA-encoded bispecific antibodies that induce polyclonal T cell engagement and PD-L1-dependent 4-1BB costimulation.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, but many patients fail to respond or develop resistance, often due to reduced T cell activity. Costimulation via 4-1BB has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the effector function of antigen-primed T cells. Bispecific T cell-engaging (TCE) antibodies are an effective way to provide tumor-specific T cell receptor-mediated signaling to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

The emergence of DNAM-1 as the facilitator of NK cell-mediated killing in ovarian cancer.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the sixth most common malignancy in women and the poor 5-year survival emphasises the need for novel therapies. NK cells play an important role in the control of malignant disease but the nature of tumour-infiltrating and peripheral NK cells in OC remains unclear.

Methods: Using flow cytometric analysis, we studied the phenotype and function of NK cells in blood, primary tumour and metastatic tissue in 80 women with OC.

Predicting the risk of gastroparesis in critically ill patients after CME using an interpretable machine learning algorithm - a 10-year multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Gastroparesis following complete mesocolic excision (CME) can precipitate a cascade of severe complications, which may significantly hinder postoperative recovery and diminish the patient's quality of life. In the present study, four advanced machine learning algorithms-Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and -nearest neighbor (KNN)-were employed to develop predictive models. The clinical data of critically ill patients transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) post-CME were meticulously analyzed to identify key risk factors associated with the development of gastroparesis.

Individualized treatment recommendations for patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma utilizing deep learning.

Background: The conventional treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) is surgery; however, the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of deep learning (DL) models to identify patients with LA-HNSCC who can achieve organ preservation through definitive CRT and provide individualized adjuvant treatment recommendations for patients who are better suited for surgery.

Methods: Five models were developed for treatment recommendations.

Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) Biosimilar in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Positive Breast Cancer: Findings From a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis in India.

Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is a highly aggressive subtype characterized by a high recurrence rate. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting HER2, has shown improved outcomes; however, its effectiveness in cases with brain metastases remains unclear. The T-DM1 biosimilar has emerged as a cost-effective treatment option.

An Unexpected Case of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix in a Non-Diethylstilbestrol-Exposed Postmenopausal Woman.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix (CCAC) is a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma. It has been linked to intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) but can happen in non-DES-exposed patients, albeit less commonly. Presentation is largely vaginal bleeding, emphasizing the importance of considering CCAC in the differential of abnormal vaginal bleeding despite the tumor's rarity.

Carcinoma of Unknown Primary: Integrating Timely Interventions and Molecular Advancements for Improved Outcomes.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a diverse group of malignancies characterized by metastatic disease without an identified primary site. It typically presents with a poor prognosis due to widespread metastasis at diagnosis. This report discusses a 58-year-old female patient with advanced CUP and diffuse liver metastasis.

Clinicopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer: A 10-Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia.

Background Thyroid nodules are typically an initial sign of thyroid cancer (TC) and require evaluation by thyroid ultrasonography. Additional measures, such as fine needle aspiration, may be necessary depending on the level of malignancy risk. This study aims to comprehensively analyze TC clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics in a cohort of Saudi patients.

Role of Next-Generation Sequencing in the Treatment of Metastatic Apocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Entity.

Primary apocrine adenocarcinoma, a rare malignancy, is an aggressive tumor rarely reported. It has diagnostic and treatment challenges as it is difficult to distinguish it from metastases due to breast carcinoma. Currently, no data are available for the use of next-generation sequencing to identify the possibility of targeted therapies for metastatic disease.

Isolated Bilateral Adrenal Metastasis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and bones, but metastasis to the adrenal glands remains rare, particularly in isolation. This case report presents an unusual instance of bilateral adrenal metastasis in a patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer. This case emphasizes the clinical relevance of adrenal metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer, highlighting the potential role of aggressive treatment strategies such as metastasectomy in isolated adrenal involvement, aiming to contribute to the limited literature on this rare metastatic pattern.

Re-optimizing the Time Frame for Classifying Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: An Unmet Need.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare and complex form of stroke, representing a small percentage of all stroke cases. The disease's clinical presentation is highly variable, involving a wide range of medical specialists due to its diverse manifestations. Over the past decade, significant advancements in understanding CVT have been made, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent vaccination efforts.

Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Identifying the Appropriate Dose and Schedule.

Background In 2024, reimbursement for gemcitabine-docetaxel therapy (GEM-DOC; gemcitabine 900 mg/m on days 1 and 8 and docetaxel 70 mg/m on day 8 every 21 days, GEM 900-DOC 70) to treat recurrent/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) was made in Japan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of advanced/metastatic STS patients who underwent off-label gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy at the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research between February 2007 and October 2019. Results Of 115 enrolled patients, 51 were treated with GEM-DOC (26 patients received the dose as previously stated) and the other 64 with gemcitabine monotherapy.

Downregulation of hnRNPA1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell progression by modulating alternative splicing of ZNF207 exon 9.

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent liver cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) plays a critical role in RNA metabolism, including alternative splicing, which is linked to cancer progression. Our study investigated the role of in HCC and its potential as a therapeutic target.