A study to assess the pharmacological agent potential of gold nanoparticles and their effects on human cancer cells and hospital pathogens using methods.

Interest in metal nanoparticles synthesised using green methods is growing steadily. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesised inexpensively and effortlessly using extracts derived from different plants and their diverse components. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were rapidly synthesised from Broccoli ( L.

Plant and marine-derived natural products: sustainable pathways for future drug discovery and therapeutic development.

Plant- and marine-derived natural products are rich sources of bioactive compounds essential for drug discovery. These compounds contain complex mixtures of metabolites, which collectively contribute to their pharmacological properties. However, challenges arise in the isolation of individual bioactive compounds, owing to their intricate chemistry and low abundance in natural extracts.

Clinical significance of lipid pathway-targeted therapy in breast cancer.

Globally, breast cancer represents the most common cancer and the primary cause of death by cancer in women. Lipids are crucial in human physiology, serving as vital energy reserves, structural elements of biological membranes, and essential signaling molecules. The metabolic reprogramming of lipid pathways has emerged as a critical factor in breast cancer progression, drug resistance, and patient prognosis.

A network comparison on efficacy and safety profiling of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are novel immunotherapeutic agents that have been approved for first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, which have completed phase 3 clinical trials, as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed to extract eligible literature up to October 2023.

Impact of Radiation Therapy Techniques on Hippocampal Doses and Psychological Status in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) on hippocampal radiation dosage and psychological status in patients newly diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 269 NPC patients who received initial treatment between January 2013 and April 2022. Patients were categorized into the IMRT group and the VMAT group based on the radiotherapy technique employed.

The role of neutrophilia in hyperlactatemia, blood acidosis, impaired oxygen transport, and mortality outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: COVID-19 severity and high in-hospital mortality are often associated with severe hypoxemia, hyperlactatemia, and acidosis, yet the key players driving this association remain unclear. It is generally assumed that organ damage causes toxic acidosis, but since neutrophil numbers in severe COVID-19 can exceed 80% of the total circulating leukocytes, we asked if metabolic acidosis mediated by the glycolytic neutrophils is associated with lung damage and impaired oxygen delivery in critically ill patients.

Methods: Based on prospective mortality outcome, critically ill COVID-19 patients were divided into ICU- survivors and ICU-non-survivors.

Exploring the causal role of plasma metabolites and metabolite ratios in prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa), the most prevalent malignant neoplasm in males, involves complex biological mechanisms and risk factors, many of which remain unidentified. By employing a novel two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, this study aims to elucidate the causal relationships between the circulating metabolome and PCa risk, utilizing comprehensive data on genetically determined plasma metabolites and metabolite ratios.

Methods: For the MR analysis, we utilized data from the GWAS Catalog database to analyze 1,091 plasma metabolites and 309 ratios in relation to PCa outcomes within two independent GWAS datasets.

Lung cancer and risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular mortality risk among lung cancer patients compared to the general population.

Methods: Using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we conducted a population-based cohort study including 278,418 lung cancer patients aged over 30 years between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2020 as well as the general population. Poisson regression was employed to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for cardiovascular mortality.

Lower limb lymphoedema-related mental depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-cancer-related studies.

Background: Lower limb lymphoedema, characterized by persistent swelling in the legs due to lymphatic dysfunction, not only imposes a physical burden but is also associated with significant mental depression. While emerging research suggests a strong link between lower limb lymphoedema and depression, the extent of the problem remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lower limb lymphoedema and mental depression through a meta-analysis of existing studies.

Epidemiological study of HPV infection in 24,588 rural women in Luonan, China.

Cervical cancer is a significant public health issue for women, with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates exhibiting regional variations throughout China. This study examined data from a cohort of 24,588 rural women who engaged in cervical cancer screening in Luonan County from 2021 to 2023, utilizing high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing methodologies. The findings revealed an overall HPV positivity rate of 14.

Optogenetic control of mitochondrial aggregation and function.

The balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion plays an important role in maintaining the stability of cellular homeostasis. Abnormal mitochondrial fission and fragmentation have been shown to be associated with oxidative stress, which causes a variety of human diseases from neurodegeneration disease to cancer. Therefore, the induction of mitochondrial aggregation and fusion may provide an alternative approach to alleviate these conditions.

Comparing quantitative imaging biomarker alliance volumetric CT classifications with RECIST response categories.

Purpose: To assess agreement between CT volumetry change classifications derived from Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance Profile cut-points (ie, QIBA CTvol classifications) and the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) categories.

Materials And Methods: Target lesions in lung, liver, and lymph nodes were randomly chosen from patients in 10 historical clinical trials for various cancers, ensuring a balanced representation of lesion types, diameter ranges described in the QIBA Profile, and variations in change magnitudes. Three radiologists independently segmented these lesions at baseline and follow-up scans using 2 software tools.

Development of a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Utilizing Pyroptosis-Associated LncRNAs.

Lung cancer is a highly prevalent and fatal cancer that seriously threatens the safety of people in various regions around the world. Difficulty in early diagnosis and strong drug resistance have always been difficulties in the treatment of lung cancer, so the prognosis of lung cancer has always been the focus of scientific researchers. This study used genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases to obtain 477 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 347 healthy individuals' samples as research subjects and divided LUAD patients into low-risk and high-risk groups based on prognostic risk scores.

cGAS-STING signaling pathway in lung cancer: Regulation on antitumor immunity and application in immunotherapy.

The innate immune system has a primary role in defending against external threats, encompassing viruses, bacteria, and fungi, thereby playing a pivotal role in establishing robust protection. Recent investigations have shed light on its importance in the progression of tumors, with a particular emphasis on lung cancer. Among the various signaling pathways implicated in this intricate process, the cGAS-STING pathway emerges as a significant participant.

Heterogeneity and therapeutic implications of cancer-associated fibroblasts in lung cancer: Recent advances and future perspectives.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The tumor microenvironment is a complex and heterogeneous cellular environment surrounding tumor cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), blood vessels, immune cells, the extracellular matrix, and various cytokines secreted by cells. CAFs are highly heterogeneous and play crucial roles in lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: Opportunities and challenges.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Numerous trials have explored the use of ICIs, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, in the neoadjuvant setting for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer. Most trials have demonstrated neoadjuvant immunotherapy to be safe and to have remarkable efficacy, with a high pathological response rate and significantly improved event-free survival.

Parkin deficiency aggravates inflammation-induced acute lung injury by promoting necroptosis in alveolar type II cells.

Background: Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death resulting in tissue inflammation due to the release of intracellular contents. Its role and regulatory mechanism in the context of acute lung injury (ALI) are unclear. Parkin (Prkn), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has recently been implicated in the regulation of necroptosis.

Ginsenoside RG3 Synergizes With STING Agonist to Reverse Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer.

This study investigates the synergistic inhibitory effects of combining the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) and ginsenoside RG3 on cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells. The objective is to identify novel therapeutic targets and offers insights for the clinical management of DDP resistance. Various techniques were employed, including western blot, MTT assay, colony formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay, tubule formation assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342 fluorescence staining, and in vivo experiments, to investigate the potential mechanisms and effects of the combined application of the STING agonist and ginsenoside RG3 in reversing cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer.

Exploring the prognostic significance of lactate-mitochondria-related genes in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and serious health issue among older men globally. Metabolic reprogramming, particularly involving lactate and mitochondria, plays a key role in PCa progression, but studies linking these factors to prognosis are limited. To identify novel prognostic markers of PCa based on lactate-mitochondria-related genes (LMRGs), RNA sequencing data and clinical information of PCa from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the cBioPortal database were used to construct a lactate-mitochondria-related risk signature.

The analysis of gene co-expression network and immune infiltration revealed biomarkers between triple-negative and non-triple negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a worse prognosis. Despite ongoing efforts, existing therapeutic approaches show limited success in improving early recurrence and survival outcomes for TNBC patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel and targeted therapeutic strategies, particularly those focusing on the immune infiltrate in TNBC, to enhance diagnosis and prognosis for affected individuals.

Status analysis of quality control of administered infusion solution with cytotoxic drugs.

The administered infusion solution is a sterile preparation that can be used directly for intravenous infusion in patients by mixing one or more intravenous drugs using aseptic operation technology. The pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) center is a professional technical service department in hospitals, where the majority of inpatient-administered infusion solutions are prepared. During the processes of dissolution, dilution, preparation, storage, and use of intravenous drugs, the quality control of the administered infusion solution can be affected by various factors.

Performance of artificial intelligence for diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cervical cytology screening and colposcopy play crucial roles in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer prevention. Previous studies have provided evidence that artificial intelligence (AI) has remarkable diagnostic accuracy in these procedures. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to examine the pooled accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI-assisted cervical cytology screening and colposcopy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer screening.

Reliability and Validity of a Chinese Version of Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation Tool in College Students.

Background: Cognition is central to acquiring knowledge and learning new experiences, critical for social behavior and quality of life. Despite its importance, traditional cognitive assessment tools face limitations, including high labor costs and human error, underscoring an urgent need for cost-effective, precise tools to assess cognitive functions.

Objective: This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation (ACE) tool among college students, thereby contributing to the advancement of cognitive research and disease management strategies in China.

Long-term survival of stage 4 gallbladder cancer after extended radical surgery plus limited chemotherapy: a case report.

Gallbladder cancers (GBC) are insidious, malignant, and associated with poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Long-term survival in advanced GBC is rare. Here, we report a case of a 45-year-old female who presented with intermittent right upper quadrant pain for 1 month.