The Short N-Terminal Repeats of Transcription Termination Factor 1 Contain Semi-Redundant Nucleolar Localization Signals and P19-ARF Tumor Suppressor Binding Sites.

The p14/p19 (ARF) tumor suppressor provides an important link in the activation of p53 (TP53) by inhibiting its targeted degradation via the E3 ligases MDM2/HDM2. However, ARF also limits tumor growth by directly inhibiting ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing. Initial studies of the ARF tumor suppressor were compounded by overlap between the INK4A and ARF genes encoded by the CDKN2A locus, but mouse models of pure ARF-loss and its inactivation in human cancers identified it as a distinct tumor suppressor even in the absence of p53.