Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.

Objective: This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).

Development and validation of an inflammatory biomarkers model to predict gastric cancer prognosis: a multi-center cohort study in China.

Background: Inflammatory factors have increasingly become a more cost-effective prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (GC). The goal of this study was to develop a prognostic score system for gastric cancer patients based on inflammatory indicators.

Methods: Patients' baseline characteristics and anthropometric measures were used as predictors, and independently screened by multiple machine learning(ML) algorithms.

The potential of machine learning models to identify malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM combined with NRS-2002 in colorectal cancer patients without weight loss information.

Background & Aims: The key step of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is nutritional risk screening, while the most appropriate screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is yet unknown. The GLIM diagnosis relies on weight loss information, and bias or even failure to recall patients' historical weight can cause misestimates of malnutrition. We aimed to compare the suitability of several screening tools in GLIM diagnosis, and establish machine learning (ML) models to predict malnutrition in CRC patients without weight loss information.

Integrated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and handgrip strength better predict survival in patients with cancer cachexia.

Objectives: Systemic inflammation and skeletal muscle strength play crucial roles in the development and progression of cancer cachexia. In this study we aimed to evaluate the combined prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and handgrip strength (HGS) for survival in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study involved 1826 patients with cancer cachexia.

Association of possible sarcopenia with all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer: A nationwide multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: The concept of possible sarcopenia (PS) was recently introduced to enable timely intervention in settings without the technologies required to make a full diagnosis of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the association between PS and all-cause mortality in patients with solid cancer.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

A comprehensive analysis of the association between anemia and systemic inflammation in older patients with cancer.

Purpose: Our study aimed to comprehensively analyze the association between anemia and systemic inflammation in older patients with cancer.

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study included 4955 older patients with cancer between 2013 and 2020. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors of anemia, reporting odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

A promising prognostic grading system incorporating weight loss and inflammation in patients with advanced cancer.

Background: Involuntary weight loss and increased systemic response are frequently observed in patients with cancer, especially in advanced stages. This study aimed to develop a powerful weight loss and inflammation grading system (WLAIGS) and investigate its prognostic performance in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods: This multicentre prospective cohort study included 11 423 patients with advanced cancer.

Modified Controlling Nutritional Status (mCONUT) serves as a promising prognostic factor in patients with cancer cachexia.

Background: Malnutrition and systemic inflammation are considered 2 hallmarks of cancer cachexia. Our study aimed to construct a modified Controlling Nutritional Status by introducing C-reactive protein as an inflammatory parameter and investigate its prognostic value in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study included 5221 patients with cancer, among whom 1719 were diagnosed with cachexia.

Association between a novel nutrition-inflammation prognostic grading system and overall survival in hospitalized adults with cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Malnutrition and increased systemic inflammatory responses are highly prevalent in patients with cancer and they have a negative effect on prognosis. We aimed to develop a nutrition-inflammation prognostic grading system (NIPGS) for patients with cancer, which incorporates the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study totally included 6891 patients diagnosed with cancer.

Remarkable response to PD-1 inhibitor in a patient with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review.

We report a case of a 59-year-old male diagnosed with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). He received first-line platinum doublet chemotherapy and second-line topotecan-based regimen, but experienced disease progression after each line of therapy. He was then treated with Sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor, in combination with nab-paclitaxel in the third-line setting, which resulted in significant tumor shrinkage.

Comparison of the performance of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting survival among lung cancer patients: A multicenter study.

Background & Aims: The present study aimed to compare the ability of the GLIM criteria, PG-SGA and mPG-SGA to diagnose malnutrition and predict survival among Chinese lung cancer (LC) patients.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, nationwide cohort study, 6697 LC inpatients were enrolled between July 2013 and June 2020. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), and quadratic weighted Kappa coefficients were calculated to compare the ability to diagnose malnutrition.

AIWW: a new nutrition-screening tool for the oncologic population.

Malnutrition is a common comorbidity among patients with cancer. However, no nutrition-screening tool has been recognized in this population. A quick and easy screening tool for nutrition with high sensitivity and easy-to-use is needed.

Association of Phase Angle with Overall Survival in Patients with Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Low phase angle (PhA) is related with poor clinical status of cancer patients. The objective of this study was to establish sex- and age-specific cutoff points and examine the association between PhA and overall survival (OS) in Chinese cancer patients. This cohort study included data on 1,814 patients with cancer from December 2013 to October 2020.

Triceps skinfold-albumin index significantly predicts the prognosis of cancer cachexia: A multicentre cohort study.

Background: The fat mass and nutritional status play important roles in the onset and progression of cancer cachexia. The present study evaluated the joint prognostic value of the fat mass, as indicated by the triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and the serum albumin level, for mortality in patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study including 5134 patients with cancer cachexia from January 2013 to April 2019.

Efficacy of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition as potential cachexia screening tool for patients with solid cancer.

Purpose: Cachexia has a very high prevalence in patients with cancer, and lacks effective screening tools yet. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a novel malnutrition assessment tool, with increased important roles in malnutrition diagnosis for patients with cancer. However, whether GLIM can be used as an effective screening tool remains unknown.

Malnutrition diagnosed by GLIM criteria better predicts long-term outcomes for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Since Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) method was proposed, few studies have applied these new criteria to hematological tumors. In this study, we explored the prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria and scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (sPG-SGA) and their association with 1-year, 3-year and 5-year mortality among patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Malnutrition of all patients were assessed by GLIM criteria and sPG-SGA.

Association between systemic inflammation and water composition and survival in colorectal cancer.

Background: Systemic inflammation and water composition are important factors affecting cancer prognosis. This study aimed to explore the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intracellular water/total body water (ICW/TBW) ratio and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort included 628 patients with CRC between June 2012 and December 2019.

Handgrip weakness, systemic inflammation indicators, and overall survival in lung cancer patients with well performance status: A large multicenter observational study.

Background: Systemic inflammation and handgrip weakness have been used to predict mortality in many cancers. The purpose of current study was to evaluate the association of co-occurrence of inflammation indicators and handgrip weakness with overall survival (OS) of lung cancer (LC) patients with good performance status.

Methods: The cutoff points for handgrip strength (HGS) and the four inflammation indicators were calculated using Maxstat.