Artemisinin Suppressed Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis after Radical Surgery through the KIT/PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Cancer radical surgery is the primary treatment for melanoma, but almost all malignant melanoma patients get recurrence and metastasis after surgery and are eventually dead. This clinical dilemma appeals to better drugs for post-surgery therapy. Artemisinin is a safe and effective antimalarial drug used in the clinic for decades.

Durable and deep response to CVD chemotherapy in SDHB-mutated metastatic paraganglioma: case report.

Introduction: Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB)-mutated paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors characterized by increased malignancy, readily metastasizing, and poorer prognosis. Here we report a case of SDHB-mutated metastatic PGL, wherein the patient showed significant tumor shrinkage and complete symptom remission following chemotherapy. We aim to contribute additional evidence to the existing knowledge associated with SDHB-mutated PGLs.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin combined with apatinib and camrelizumab as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a protocol for a single-arm phase II trial.

Gastric cancer, as the fifth most diagnosed malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally, remains a significant health concern. The potential effect of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, when used alongside chemotherapy and antiangiogenic agents in neoadjuvant therapy for gastric cancer, has yet to be explored in the published literature. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) regimen when combined with apatinib and camrelizumab (SOXAC) as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

PSCA-targeted BPX-601 CAR T cells with pharmacological activation by rimiducid in metastatic pancreatic and prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose escalation trial.

Here we report results of a phase 1 multi-institutional, open-label, dose-escalation trial (NCT02744287) of BPX-601, an investigational autologous PSCA-directed GoCAR-T® cell product containing an inducible MyD88/CD40 ON-switch responsive to the activating dimerizer rimiducid, in patients with metastatic pancreatic (mPDAC) or castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Primary objectives were to evaluate safety and tolerability and determine the recommended phase 2 dose/schedule (RP2D). Secondary objectives included the assessment of efficacy and characterization of the pharmacokinetics of rimiducid.

Using artificial intelligence and statistics for managing peritoneal metastases from gastrointestinal cancers.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to investigate various applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and statistical methodologies for analyzing and managing peritoneal metastases (PM) caused by gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods: Relevant keywords and search criteria were comprehensively researched on PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles and reviews related to the topic. The AI approaches considered were conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, and the relevant statistical approaches included biostatistics and logistic models.

Deep learning identification of novel autophagic protein-protein interactions and experimental validation of Beclin 2-Ubiquilin 1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by its lack of traditional hormone receptors and HER2, presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its poor response to conventional therapies. Autophagy is an important process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and there are currently autophagy biomarkers that play an effective role in the clinical treatment of tumors. In contrast to targeting protein activity, intervention with protein-protein interaction (PPI) can avoid unrelated crosstalk and regulate the autophagy process with minimal interference pathways.

From the microspheres to scaffolds: advances in polymer microsphere scaffolds for bone regeneration applications.

The treatment and repair of bone tissue damage and loss due to infection, tumours, and trauma are major challenges in clinical practice. Artificial bone scaffolds offer a safer, simpler, and more feasible alternative to bone transplantation, serving to fill bone defects and promote bone tissue regeneration. Ideally, these scaffolds should possess osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osseointegrative properties.

Thermosensitive hydrogel delivery of BCG lysates and tumor antigens: A novel strategy for melanoma immunoprevention and therapeutics.

Melanoma, recognized as one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, continues to show a steady rise in global incidence. While Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been identified as a potential intralesional therapy for melanoma, its therapeutic efficacy remains suboptimal. This study introduces a novel thermosensitive hydrogel formulated with BCG lysates and either OVA peptide or tumor cell lysates (PPP-BCG-OVA/TL).

Copper-coordination driven brain-targeting nanoassembly for efficient glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy by cuproptosis-mediated tumor immune microenvironment reprogramming.

Limited drug accumulation and an immunosuppressive microenvironment are the major bottlenecks in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Herein, we report a copper-coordination driven brain-targeting nanoassembly (TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs) for site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents and efficient immunotherapy by activating the cGAS-STING pathway and downregulating the expression of PD-L1. To achieve this, the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphorus (TPP) was linked to photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) to form TPP-Ce6 (TCe6), which was then self-assembled with copper ions and thymopentin (TP5) to obtain TCe6@Cu/TP5 NPs.

Fourier analysis of signal dependent noise images.

An archetype signal dependent noise (SDN) model is a component used in analyzing images or signals acquired from different technologies. This model-component may share properties with stationary normal white noise (WN). Measurements from WN images were used as standards for making comparisons with SDN in both the image domain (ID) and Fourier domain (FD).

Grading the evidence for physical activity and any outcome in cancer survivors: An Umbrella review of 740 meta-analytic associations.

Background: To contribute to the refinement of future physical activity (PA) guidelines, which have remained mostly generic until now, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses for PA in cancer survivors.

Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched in January 2024 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association/effect of any type of PA in every cancer type and for any studied outcome. Statistically significant meta-analyses were categorized into four evidence groups (strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak) using pre-established grading criteria.

Response to EGFR/NTRK/MET Co-Inhibition Guided by Paired NGS in Advanced NSCLC With Acquired EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S Mutations.

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations. However, resistance to TKI therapy often develops due to secondary EGFR mutations or the activation of bypass signalling pathways. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can efficiently identify actionable genetic alterations throughout treatment.

BCMA-directed CAR T-cell Therapy in patients with multiple myeloma and CNS involvement.

We investigated BCMA-directed CART in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) and CNS involvement. Ten patients who received either ide-cel (n=6) or cilta-cel (n=4) were included in this analysis. Patients had brain/cranial nerve and/or spinal cord involvement/leptomeningeal disease evident on either MRI (100%) and/or CSF (40%).

Association between body temperature and all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: Abnormal body temperature (fever or hypothermia) is a critical symptom in sepsis and is strongly associated with clinical prognosis and disease progression. Given the duality and variability of body temperature fluctuations throughout the disease course, further research is essential to refine clinical strategies for temperature management in sepsis patients.

Methods: We extracted clinical data of sepsis patients from the MIMIC-IV database.

Nervous system contributions to small cell lung cancer: Lessons from diverse oncological studies.

The nervous system plays a vital role throughout the entire lifecycle and it may regulate the formation, development and metastasis of tumors. Small cell lung cancer is a typical neuroendocrine tumor, and it is naturally equipped with neurotropism. In this review, we firstly summarize current preclinical and clinical evidence to demonstrate the reciprocal crosstalk among the nervous system, tumor, and tumor microenvironment in various ways, including neurotransmitter-receptor pathways, innervations of nerve fibers, different types of synapse formation by neurons, astrocytes, and cancer cells, neoneurogenesis.

Targeting Oncogenic RET Kinase by Simultaneously Inhibiting Kinase Activity and Degrading the Protein.

The rearranged-during-transfection (RET) kinase is a validated target for the treatment of RET-altered cancers. Currently approved RET-selective kinase inhibitors, selpercatinib (LOXO-292) and pralsetinib (BLU-667), increase the oncogenic RET protein level upon treatment, which may affect their efficacy. We seek to reduce the oncogenic RET protein level and RET kinase activity simultaneously.

Harnessing nanoengineered CAR-T cell strategies to advance solid tumor immunotherapy.

The efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is still inconclusive in solid tumor treatment. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a potent strategy to reshape CAR-T cell therapy with promising outcomes. This review aims to discuss the significant potential of nano-engineered CAR-T cell therapy in addressing existing challenges, including CAR-T cell engineering evolution, tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation, and precise CAR-T cell therapy (precise targeting, monitoring, and activation), under the main consideration of clinical translation.

Evaluating tumour budding could improve the new grading system for lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: To study the prognostic significance of tumour budding (TB) compared with the grading of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC).

Materials And Methods: The postoperative haematoxylin and eosin-stained histological slices of 207 surgically treated LAC patients were retrospectively reviewed by a lung pathologist. Two groups were formed from the cohort: the high-grade TB group (≥10 buds) and low-grade TB group (0-9 buds).

DEK :: AFF2 Fusion Sinonasal and Skull Base Nonkeratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma : A Clinical Outcome Study Compared With Conventional Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

DEK :: AFF2 fusion nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) is an emerging entity in the sinonasal tract, temporal bone, and skull base. However, the clinical behavior of these tumors has not been well studied. Here, we report the largest cohort of DEK :: AFF2 carcinomas to determine if morphology, mitotic rate, and/or Ki-67 IHC are associated with patient outcomes, including a comparison with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and independent patients.

Biased signaling in GPCRs: Structural insights and implications for drug development.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors in humans, playing a crucial role in regulating diverse cellular processes and serving as primary drug targets. Traditional drug design has primarily focused on ligands that uniformly activate or inhibit GPCRs. However, the concept of biased agonism-where ligands selectively stabilize distinct receptor conformations, leading to unique signaling outcomes-has introduced a paradigm shift in therapeutic development.

Safety of current treatments for advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) originates from the biliary epithelium of the small ducts within the liver (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, IHCC), the main ducts of the hilum (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, EHCC), or in the gallbladder (gallbladder cancer, GC). Due to presentation with nonspecific symptoms as well as absence of screening, most patients present with advanced disease and unfavorable prognosis.

Areas Covered: The ABC-02 trial established the current first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine/platinum for advanced BTC in 2010.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.