RET-AREAL: a multi-center, real-world data analysis on the efficacy of pralsetinib in acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs.

Pralsetinib demonstrated impressive improvement of survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbored de novo RET fusion. However, the efficacy in patients with acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs has only been reported on a case-by-case basis, and the strategy for overcoming the acquired RET fusion has not been fully investigated. This multicenter, real-world analysis enrolled 32 patients with unresectable NSCLC harbored acquired RET fusion after resistance to EGFR/ALK-TKIs in 23 centers across China from July 1, 2018 to Nov 23, 2022.

From Pathogenesis to Precision Medicine: Transformative Advances in Research and Treatment of Ameloblastoma.

Odontogenic neoplasms of the jaw are dominated by ameloblastoma (AM), a locally aggressive epithelial tumor with a significant propensity for recurrence. The World Health Organization's 2022 update to the AMclassification system underscores recent progress in comprehending its underlying mechanisms and refining clinical approaches. Contemporary research has yielded significant insights into the genetic underpinnings of AM, paving the way for the development of precision-based treatment strategies.

Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Approaches to Prevention of MASLD-related HCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major concern for public health. Fatty liver disease, related to alcohol misuse or metabolic syndrome, has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease and HCC. The strong association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and HCC can be partly attributed to the development of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Non-colorectal Cancer Screening and Vaccinations in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review.

Description: The aim of this American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Practice Update (CPU) is to provide best practice advice (BPA) statements for gastroenterologists and other health care providers who provide care to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The focus is on IBD-specific screenings (excluding colorectal cancer screening, which is discussed separately) and vaccinations. We provide guidance to ensure that patients are up to date with the disease-specific cancer screenings, vaccinations, as well as advice for mental health and general wellbeing.

A lipidated peptide derived from the C-terminal tail of the vasopressin 2 receptor shows promise as a new β-arrestin inhibitor.

β-arrestins play pivotal roles in seven transmembrane receptor (7TMR) signalling and trafficking. To study their functional role in regulating specific receptor systems, current research relies mainly on genetic tools, as few pharmacological options are available. To address this issue, we designed and synthesised a novel lipidated phosphomimetic peptide inhibitor targeting β-arrestins, called ARIP, which was developed based on the C-terminal tail (A343-S371) of the vasopressin V2 receptor.

Changes in Employment Status and Income and Workplace Organizational Support Among Cancer Survivors: A Descriptive Study in Iran.

Purpose: Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality in Iran, significantly impacting patients' lives and the public health system. This study aims to investigate changes in employment status and income and workplace organizational support among Iranian cancer survivors following their diagnosis.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in Tehran, Iran, in 2019.

A facile assay for zDHHC palmitoyl transferase activation elucidates effects of mutation and modification.

At least 10% of proteins constituting the human proteome are subject to S-acylation by a long-chain fatty acid, thioesterified to a Cys thiol side chain. Fatty S-acylation (prototypically, S-palmitoylation) operates across eukaryotic phylogeny and cell type. S-palmitoylation is carried out in mammalian cells by a family of 23-24 dedicated zDHHC palmitoyl transferase enzymes, and mutation of zDHHCs is associated with a number of human pathophysiologies.

Antifibrotic potential of Reserpine (alkaloid) targeting Keap1/Nrf2; oxidative stress pathway in CCl-induced liver fibrosis.

The death rate due to liver cancer approaches 2 million annually, the majority is attributed to fibrosis. Currently, there is no efficient, safe, non-toxic, and anti-fibrotic drug available, suggesting room for better drug discovery. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-fibrotic role of reserpine, an alkaloid plant compound against CCl-induced liver fibrosis.

INFLUENCE OF RADIOIODINE THERAPY ON ORAL HEALTH AND SALIVARY PRODUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA.

Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics related to oral health and salivary production in patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) after radioiodine therapy (RIT).

Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included patients with DTC after ablative and/or adjuvant RIT. Patients underwent assessment of oral health conditions, subjective assessment of xerostomia and measurement of salivary flow.

Macrophage membrane-camouflaged pure-drug nanomedicine for synergistic chemo- and interstitial photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) persists as a highly fatal malignancy, with current clinical treatments showing minimal progress over years. Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) holds promise due to its minimally invasive nature and low toxicity but is impeded by poor photosensitizer penetration and inadequate GBM targeting. Here, we developed a biomimetic pure-drug nanomedicine (MM@CT), which co-assembles the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the first-line chemotherapeutic drug (temozolomide, TMZ) for GBM, then camouflaged with macrophage membranes.

Reversible light-responsive protein hydrogel for on-demand cell encapsulation and release.

The design of biomaterials that can reconfigure on-demand in response to external stimuli is an emerging area in materials research. However, achieving reversible assembly of protein-based biomaterials by light input remains a major challenge. Here, we present the engineering of a new protein material that is capable of switching between liquid and solid state reversibly, controlled by lights of different wavelengths.

Risk of colorectal cancer associated with frequency of colorectal polyp diagnosis in relatives.

Background & Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association of frequency of polyp diagnosis in relatives with the risk of overall and early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We leveraged data from nationwide Swedish family cancer datasets (1964-2018) to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for individuals with a family history of polyp by frequency of polyp diagnosis in family members.

Results: We followed up 11,676,043 individuals for up to 54 years.

Sodium hyaluronate microcapsules to promote antitumor selectivity of anacardic acid.

Anacardic acid (AA) is a phenolic lipid extracted from cashew nutshell liquid that has antitumor activity. Given the high hydrophobicity of this compound and aiming to create efficient vehicle for its administration in aqueous systems, the objective of the present work was to develop a microcapsule (MCAA) by spray dryer technique, based on the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate (SH), containing AA as its core, encapsulated from nanoemulsion. The Encapsulation Efficiency of MCAA presented a value equal to 95.

Role of ITGB2 protein structure and molecular mechanism in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: Influencing the occurrence and development of cancer through the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis.

Gastric cancer is a prevalent gastrointestinal tumor. In the classical cascade of gastric cancer development, the gradual progression from non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, to intraepithelial neoplasia eventually leads to early gastric cancer. We investigated the proteomic characteristics of chronic gastritis (CG), low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (low-grade LGIN), and early gastric cancer (EGC).

Harnessing HDAC-targeted oleanolic acid derivatives for combined anti-cancer and hepatoprotective effects.

The development of anti-tumor drugs with hepatoprotective properties has always been highly valued due to their dual capabilities of safeguarding the liver and combating tumors. Moreover, when used in conjunction with specific chemotherapy drugs, they can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment while simultaneously reducing liver damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Our research focused on oleanolic acid (OA), a natural compound known for its liver-protective effects.

Accounting for differential exclusions in the NordICC trial discloses stronger-than-reported effects of screening colonoscopy.

Objective: Recently, results on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality reduction by the offer of screening colonoscopy were reported for the first time from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the Nordic-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer (NordICC) trial. Despite randomization, there was a substantially lower proportion of post-randomization exclusions of CRC cases due to cancer registry-recorded date of diagnosis before recruitment in the invited group than in the usual-care group. We aimed to evaluate the impact of such differential exclusions on the trial's effect estimates on CRC risk.

Platinum micromotors for mucosal penetration and colorectal cancer therapy.

The therapeutic outcomes of medications were restricted by the colonic mucosal barrier during the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Micro/nanomotors can overcome the mucus barriers to reach deep colorectal tumors. In this study, we constructed a novel microsized PLGA-Pt micromotor (MM) driven by hydrogen peroxide (HO) to enhance drug delivery to the CRC tissues and achieve effective antitumor therapy.

Genipin-crosslinked double PLL membranes overcome the strength-diffusion trade-off in cell encapsulation without compromising biocompatibility.

Cell microencapsulation technologies allow non-autologous implantation of therapeutic cells for sustained drug delivery purposes. The perm-selective membrane of these systems provides resistance to rupture, stablishes the upper molecular weight limit in bidirectional diffusion of molecules, and affects biocompatibility. Thus, despite being a decisive factor to succeed in terms of biosafety and therapeutic efficacy, little progress has been made in its optimization so far.

Sovleplenib in patients with primary or secondary warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: results from phase 2 of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study.

Background: Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors are potential treatment options for warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. This study aimed to assess the preliminary efficacy and safety of sovleplenib-an oral spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor-in patients with warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in China. Here we report on the phase 2 results.

The incidence trends of papillary thyroid carcinoma in Belarus during the post-Chernobyl epoch.

Background: The increase of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) rate among children who were exposed to post-Chernobyl 131-I release was reported only four years after the accident, first in Belarus where the heaviest fallout happened. The evolution of the occurrence of thyroid carcinoma based on the age-period-cohort analysis and the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on time trends aimed to reveal if post-Chernobyl follicular cells irradiation still has been impacting on incidence rate of papillary thyroid carcinoma nowadays.

Methods: The Belarusian Cancer Registry was used to identify patients with PTC diagnosed during the years 1980-2019.

The design of the spheroids-based in vitro tumor model determines its biomimetic properties.

Cancer, one of the world's deadliest diseases, is expected to claim an estimated 16 million lives by 2040. Three-dimensional (3D) models of cancer have become invaluable tools for the study of tumor biology and the development of new therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a determinant of tumor progression and has implications for clinical therapies.

Integrated UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap HRMS and serum pharmacochemistry for the investigation of anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of Baoganning Decoction.

Background: Early intervention in hepatic fibrosis (HF) is critical to reducing the risk of cirrhosis-related mortality and hepatocellular cancer. However, treating fibrosis has proven to be more challenging, with no approved anti-fibrotic therapies currently available for HF. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) hold significant potential for the management of HF.