The disambiguation of people names in biological collections.

Scientific collections have been built by people. For hundreds of years, people have collected, studied, identified, preserved, documented and curated collection specimens. Understanding who those people are is of interest to historians, but much more can be made of these data by other stakeholders once they have been linked to the people's identities and their biographies.

DNA barcoding of the leaf-miner flies (Diptera, Agromyzidae) of Mitaraka, French Guiana.

Species level identification of Agromyzidae based on morphology is often challenging due to their small size and morphological homogeneity. DNA barcoding has been used regularly to assist with the identification of economically important species of Agromyzidae, but rarely as a tool for species delineation or identification in biodiversity surveys. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether DNA barcoding and the BIN (Barcoding Index) system could assist with species identification, species delineation, male/ female association, and diversity assessment of Agromyzidae material previously determined to morphospecies from Mitaraka, French Guiana.

Preventing opioid prescription after major surgery: a scoping review of opioid-free analgesia.

Background: Excessive opioid prescribing after surgery has been recognised as a contributor to the current crisis of opioid addiction and overdose. Clinicians may potentially tackle this crisis by using opioid-free postoperative analgesia; however, the scientific literature addressing this approach is sparse and heterogeneous, thereby limiting robust conclusions. A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the extent, range, and nature of the literature addressing postoperative opioid-free analgesia.

Brain-computer interfaces and personhood: interdisciplinary deliberations on neural technology.

Objective: Scientists, engineers, and healthcare professionals are currently developing a variety of new devices under the category of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Current and future applications are both medical/assistive (e.g.

Pseudoscorpiones and Scorpiones of Canada.

Twenty-five species of pseudoscorpions are known from Canada, a five-fold increase since an assessment from 1979. The diversity and distribution of Canadian species are poorly known and at least 27 more species are expected to be found in the country. Currently 46 Barcode Index Numbers are assigned to Canadian specimens, suggesting a high level of undocumented diversity.

[Skeletal muscle aging and mitochondrial dysfunction: an update].

One of the most obvious and deleterious changes occurring with aging is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, a physiological process named sarcopenia. Amongst the multiple theories that have been put forward to explain sarcopenia, the mitochondrial theory of aging, which postulates that the accumulation of mitochondrial dysfunctions with aging plays a causal role in muscle atrophy, has focused intense research effort and attention in the past decades. The generally accepted view of this theory is that, due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inherent to respiratory chain activity, oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, lipids and DNA accumulates with aging.

Ethics Oversight Mechanisms for Surgical Innovation: A Systematic and Comparative Review of Arguments.

Surgical innovation typically falls under the purview of neither conventional clinical ethics nor research ethics. Due to a lack of oversight for surgical innovation-combined with a potential for significant risk-a wide range of arguments has been advanced in the literature to support or undermine various oversight mechanisms. To scrutinize the argumentation surrounding oversight options, we conducted a systematic review of published arguments.

Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: Stroke rehabilitation practice guidelines, update 2015.

Stroke rehabilitation is a progressive, dynamic, goal-orientated process aimed at enabling a person with impairment to reach their optimal physical, cognitive, emotional, communicative, social and/or functional activity level. After a stroke, patients often continue to require rehabilitation for persistent deficits related to spasticity, upper and lower extremity dysfunction, shoulder and central pain, mobility/gait, dysphagia, vision, and communication. Each year in Canada 62,000 people experience a stroke.

Biologic Treatment Registry Across Canada (BioTRAC): a multicentre, prospective, observational study of patients treated with infliximab for ankylosing spondylitis.

Objectives: To describe the profile of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with infliximab in Canadian routine care and to assess the effectiveness and safety of infliximab in real world.

Setting: 46 primary care rheumatology practices across Canada.

Participants: 303 biological-naïve patients with AS or patients previously treated with a biological for <6 months and who were eligible for infliximab treatment as per routine care within the Biologic Treatment Registry Across Canada (BioTRAC).

Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Strongly Correlated With Fumarate Hydratase Mutation and Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are difficult to diagnose prospectively. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient tumors (defined as FH negative, 2-succinocysteine [2SC] positive) in cases diagnosed as "unclassified RCC, high grade or with papillary pattern," or "papillary RCC type 2," from multiple institutions. A total of 124 tumors (from 118 patients) were evaluated by IHC for FH and 2SC.

How Not to Let Secrets Out When Conducting Qualitative Research With Dyads.

Confidentiality is one of the cornerstones of research involving human participants. Researchers are the frontline gatekeepers of their participants' right to confidentiality, and situations can arise that challenge this responsibility. This is the case when individuals who have shared a common experience (i.

Explaining the Presence of "Heterosexual" Female Clients of a Rapid HIV Testing Site Located in the Gay Village of Montreal, Quebec.

Background: Increasing access and uptake of HIV testing among at-risk women is needed. Examining women's motives for visiting a community-based rapid HIV testing site (Actuel sur Rue-AsR) oriented to men who have sex with men (MSM) could offer suggestions.

Objective: To compare the "heterosexual" female and male clients of AsR, located in Montreal's (Canada) gay village, to better understand the women's particular HIV prevention and sexual health service needs.

Tazarotene 0.1% Cream as Monotherapy for Early-Stage Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Numerous treatments are available for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including systemic retinoids. Very few data are available on topical retinoids.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of tazarotene as monotherapy for early-stage CTCL.

Genetic Landscapes of Relapsed and Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas.

Purpose: Relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) is fatal in 90% of patients, and yet little is known about its biology.

Experimental Design: Using exome sequencing, we characterized the mutation profiles of 38 rrDLBCL biopsies obtained at the time of progression after immunochemotherapy. To identify genes that may be associated with relapse, we compared the mutation frequency in samples obtained at relapse to an unrelated cohort of 138 diagnostic DLBCLs and separately amplified specific mutations in their matched diagnostic samples to identify clonal expansions.

RADAR: A Measure of the Sixth Vital Sign?

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of RADAR (Recognizing Active Delirium As part of your Routine) as a measure of the sixth vital sign. This study was a secondary analysis of a study (N = 193) that took place in one acute care hospital and one long-term care facility. The primary outcome was a positive sixth vital sign, defined as the presence of both an altered level of consciousness and inattention.

Evolution of the Immune Response to Chronic Airway Colonization with Aspergillus fumigatus Hyphae.

Airway colonization by the mold Aspergillus fumigatus is common in patients with underlying lung disease and is associated with chronic airway inflammation. Studies probing the inflammatory response to colonization with A. fumigatus hyphae have been hampered by the lack of a model of chronic colonization in immunocompetent mice.

Nonsense mutation in the WDR73 gene is associated with Galloway-Mowat syndrome.

Background: Neuroanatomical defects are often present in children with severe developmental delay and intellectual disabilities. Few genetic loci have been associated with disorders of neurodevelopment. Our objective of the present study was to analyse a consanguineous Arab family showing some of the hallmark signs of a rare cerebellar hypoplasia-related neurodevelopmental syndrome as a strategy for discovering a causative genetic mutation.

Biallelic mutations in BRCA1 cause a new Fanconi anemia subtype.

Unlabelled: Deficiency in BRCA-dependent DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair is intimately connected to breast cancer susceptibility and to the rare developmental syndrome Fanconi anemia. Bona fide Fanconi anemia proteins, BRCA2 (FANCD1), PALB2 (FANCN), and BRIP1 (FANCJ), interact with BRCA1 during ICL repair. However, the lack of detailed phenotypic and cellular characterization of a patient with biallelic BRCA1 mutations has precluded assignment of BRCA1 as a definitive Fanconi anemia susceptibility gene.

Increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Québec residents with airway diseases.

The objective of the study was to assess whether the incidences of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are increased in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to the general population. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative health databases of Québec, Canada. Incidences of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis among patients with asthma and COPD were assessed for the 2001-2006 period.

BigDataScript: a scripting language for data pipelines.

Motivation: The analysis of large biological datasets often requires complex processing pipelines that run for a long time on large computational infrastructures. We designed and implemented a simple script-like programming language with a clean and minimalist syntax to develop and manage pipeline execution and provide robustness to various types of software and hardware failures as well as portability.

Results: We introduce the BigDataScript (BDS) programming language for data processing pipelines, which improves abstraction from hardware resources and assists with robustness.