Cardiovascular Risk in Prostate Cancer: State-of-the-Art Review.

Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with prostate cancer and is a significant cause of death. Cardiovascular risk factors are frequent in this population and are often not addressed to thresholds recommended by cardiovascular practice guidelines. Androgen deprivation therapy reduces muscle strength and increases adiposity, increasing the risk for diabetes and hypertension, although its relationship with adverse cardiovascular events requires confirmation.

Cardiovascular Considerations During Cancer Therapy: Gaps in Evidence and Expert Panel Recommendations.

The administration of certain cancer therapies can be associated with the development of cardiovascular toxicity or complications. This spectrum of toxicities is broad and requires nuanced approaches for prevention, identification, and management. This expert panel summarizes the consensus of opinions of diverse health care professionals in several key areas: 1) cardioprotection involves strategies aimed at the primary prevention of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity; 2) surveillance entails monitoring for cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity during cancer therapy; 3) permissive cardiotoxicity is the informed continuation of cancer therapy in the presence of cardiovascular toxicity, along with the implementation of mitigating cardiovascular treatments; and 4) special considerations include the invasive management of severe cardiovascular disease in patients receiving treatments for advanced cancer and the exploration of drug-drug interactions in cardio-oncology.

Incident Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Oncologic Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with higher rates of incident cancer. Data are scarce regarding the association of incident CVD with oncologic outcomes after a cancer diagnosis.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether incident myocardial infarction (MI) or heart failure (HF) in breast cancer survivors is associated with oncologic outcomes.

Organizational factors impacting the implementation of a digital mental health tool in Alberta's mental health care of youth and young adults.

With mental health concerns on the rise among youth and young adults (age 12-24), increased mental health options include virtual care, apps and online tools, self-management and tracking tools, and digitally-enabled coordination of care. These tools may function as alternatives or adjuncts to face-to-face models of care. Innovative solutions in the form of digital mental health (dMH) services not only provide support, resources and care, but also decrease wait times and waitlists, increase access, and empower youth.

Understanding the Emergence of Schizophrenia in the Light of Human Evolution: New Perspectives in Genetics.

Schizophrenia is a frequent and disabling disease. The persistence of the disorder despite its harmful consequences represents an evolutionary paradox. Based on recent discoveries in genetics, scientists have formulated the "price-to-pay" hypothesis: schizophrenia would be intimately related to human evolution, particularly to brain development and human-specific higher cognitive functions.

Spatial distribution and subtype-specific expression patterns of Nectin-4 in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: To investigate the expression patterns of Nectin-4, the target molecule of the antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV), in relation to histological and molecular subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Patients And Methods: We assessed the protein expression patterns of Nectin-4 in a spatially organised tissue microarray containing 1386 tissue cores from 314 consecutive patients with UBC who underwent radical cystectomy (2005-2018). Results were correlated with clinicopathological and follow-up data, as well as with different spatial locations (tumour central vs tumour-normal interface and primary tumour vs lymph node [LN] metastases).

Continuous versus intermittent tacrolimus for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients (Tic Tac).

Background: Tacrolimus is administered via a continuous or intermittent IV infusion to prevent acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Limited comparison data is available.

Objectives: The primary objective was to compare the proportion of therapeutic tacrolimus trough levels in the first 30 days post-stem cell infusion.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

The use of a ChatGPT-4-based chatbot in teledermatology: A retrospective exploratory study.

Background And Objectives: Integration of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly ChatGPT, is transforming medical diagnostics and may benefit teledermatology. This exploratory study compared image description and differential diagnosis generation by a ChatGPT-4 based chatbot with human teledermatologists.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study compared 154 teledermatology consultations (December 2023-February 2024) with ChatGPT-4's performance in image descriptions and diagnoses.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 cation channel, magnesium and cell metabolism in vascular health and disease.

Preserving the balance of metabolic processes in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is crucial for optimal vascular function and integrity. ECs are metabolically active and depend on aerobic glycolysis to efficiently produce energy for their essential functions, which include regulating vascular tone. Impaired EC metabolism is linked to endothelial damage, increased permeability and inflammation.

Impact of obesity on outcome in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada: A report from Cancer in Young People in Canada.

Background: Childhood obesity can result in adverse health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of obesity and determine the association between obesity at cancer diagnosis and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada database, including all children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 2-18 years across Canada from 2001 to 2020.

Serratia Infections in Burn Care.

Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen with significant implications for burn care due to its multidrug resistance, virulence, and ability to colonize hospital environments. This retrospective study, conducted at an American Burn Association Verified Burn Centre, reviewed 22 cases of S. marcescens infections from 2015 to 2020.

Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions: Follow-Up on Changes Within Canadian Academic and Fieldwork Curricula.

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions necessitated curricular modifications in Canadian occupational therapy education. Documentation and reflection on temporary or permanent curriculum modifications and their perceived impact on student learning and outcomes is critical. To explore and compare reported curricula changes (academic and fieldwork) during restricted and post-restricted delivery periods together with the perceived impact on learners.

Individual and Familial Risk and Promotive Factors for Substance Use Among Multiracial American Young Adults.

Background: Multiracial American adults have the highest rates of binge drinking and illicit drug use of all racial groups, yet little is known about the risk and promotive factors that contribute to their substance use.

Objectives: This study examines how individual factors (i.e.

Evaluating Intervention Reporting in Nursing Journal RCTs Using the TIDieR Checklist: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To assess the completeness of intervention reporting in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in nursing journals based on the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: RCTs published in English in nursing journals between January 2022 and December 2022 were identified through PubMed.

Overview of Molecular Prognostication for Common Solid Tumor Histologies - What the Surgeon Should Know.

Study Design: Narrative Literature review.

Objective: To provide a general overview of important molecular markers and targeted therapies for the most common neoplasms (lung, breast, prostate and melanoma) that metastasize to the spine and offer guidance on how to best incorporate them in the clinical setting.

Methods: A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline databases, as well as the histology-specific National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines to identify relevant articles limited to the English language.

Risk Factors for the Development of Neurological Deficits in Metastatic Spinal Disease: An International, Multicenter Delphi Study.

Study Design: Delphi study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with the development and/or progression of neurological deficits in patients with metastatic spinal disease.

Methods: A three-round Delphi study was conducted between January-May 2023 including AO Spine members, comprising mainly neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons.

A Critical Appraisal of the Application of Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Spinal Oncology Population.

Study Design: Systematic review and clinimetric analysis.

Objectives: Frailty and sarcopenia predict worse surgical outcomes among spinal degenerative and deformity-related populations; this association is less clear in the context of spinal oncology. Here, we sought to identify frailty and sarcopenia tools applied in spinal oncology and appraise their clinimetric properties.

Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies in Spine Tumors: What the Surgeon Needs to Know.

Study Design: Narrative review of existing literature.

Objectives: Significant technological advancements in radiotherapy planning and delivery have enabled new radiotherapy techniques for the management of spine tumors. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of these treatment techniques for practicing spine surgeons.

Editorial: Precision Medicine in Spinal Oncology.

This special focus issue from the 2023-2024 AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor represents a culmination of years of experience devoted to advancing the care of patients with both metastatic and primary spinal tumors. We have learned much since the fundamental assessments of instability that led to the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS), the grading of epidural disease utilizing the Epidural Spinal Cord Compression Scale (aka Bilsky grade), as well as the development of tumor-specific health related quality of life assessments such as the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcome Questionnaire (SOSGOQ). These tools have enabled us to make several prior recommendations for the appropriate use of advanced surgical techniques such as en bloc resection and the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to optimize patient care.

Prevention and Management of Posterior Wound Complications Following Oncologic Spine Surgery: Narrative Review of Available Evidence and Proposed Clinical Decision-Making Algorithm.

Study Design: Narrative Review.

Objective: Contextualized by a narrative review of recent literature, we propose a wound complication prevention and management algorithm for spinal oncology patients. We highlight available strategies and motivate future research to identify optimal and individualized wound management for this population.