Type and physical intensity of occupations at pulmonary TB diagnosis.

Background: Pulmonary TB (PTB) predominantly affects individuals of working age. We sought to characterise the occupations of people newly diagnosed with PTB in Karachi, Pakistan, by type and physical intensity.

Design/methods: We did a secondary analysis of data from a study evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-based chest X-ray (CXR) analysis software, where individuals had been evaluated for active PTB using sputum cultures and had provided information on occupation.

Risk of TB disease in individuals with cancer.

Background: Cancer increases the risk of developing TB disease; however, there are limited data on the magnitude of risk by cancer type and timing after diagnosis of cancer in low TB incidence settings.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of persons in Quebec between 1993 and 2017, including people with TB disease and matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of developing TB among people with cancer overall, by sub-type, and by time from cancer to TB diagnosis.

Health-related Quality of Life and Exercise Capacity in Double Lung Transplant Recipients With Baseline Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Background: Baseline lung allograft dysfunction (BLAD) after lung transplant is associated with an increased risk of dying, but the association with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and exercise capacity is not known. We hypothesized that BLAD would be associated with reduced HRQL and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) at 1 y post-lung transplant.

Methods: We analyzed patients who underwent lung transplants in our program from 2004 to 2018 who completed 1-y 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire and 6MWD testing.

Impact of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on Clinical Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Does Speeding Up Neutrophil Engraftment Make a Difference?

Background: Despite decades of post-allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) growth factor utilization, its role remains undefined, leading to ongoing debates and research. The theoretical impacts of growth factors have been challenged in numerous studies.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study conducted at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, we analyzed the clinical outcomes of 509 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT between May 1, 2019, and May 31, 2022.

Case-Base Neural Network: Survival analysis with time-varying, higher-order interactions.

In the context of survival analysis, data-driven neural network-based methods have been developed to model complex covariate effects. While these methods may provide better predictive performance than regression-based approaches, not all can model time-varying interactions and complex baseline hazards. To address this, we propose Case-Base Neural Networks (CBNNs) as a new approach that combines the case-base sampling framework with flexible neural network architectures.

Essential oil blend and monensin for feedlot steers consuming backgrounding and finishing diets: growth performance, methane emissions using the GreenFeed system, and feeding behavior.

A study was conducted to assess growth performance, methane (CH) emissions, and feeding behavior of feedlot steers consuming backgrounding and finishing diets with an essential oil blend (EO), monensin (Mon), and their combination (EO + Mon). The study was structured as a 2 × 2 factorial, with two feed additive treatments (Control, EO) and two monensin treatments (no Monensin, Monensin). One hundred Angus × steers were evenly distributed across each treatment into four pens, and each dietary phase consisted of four, 28-d periods.

Harnessing Cattail Biomass for Sustainable Fibers and Engineered Bioproducts: A Review.

Cattail (), a wetland plant, is emerging as a sustainable materials resource. While most of the species are proven to be a fiber-yielding crop, exhibits the broadest leaf size (5-30 mm), yields highest amount of fiber (≈190.9 g), and captures maximum CO (≈1270 g).

Enhancing sidewalk accessibility assessment for wheelchair users: An adaptive weighting fuzzy-based approach.

To reach a destination within the community, it is crucial that wheelchair users possess the ability to plan, execute, and acquire knowledge of routes in a safe and efficient manner. While numerous methods have been introduced for assessing the accessibility of sidewalks, existing studies often overlook the variations in the perception of the accessibility of long segments based on each wheelchair user's capabilities. Extended distances may lead to increased fatigue, impacting the ability of individuals with mobility disabilities to navigate sidewalks comfortably and independently.

Experimental investigations of colloid-associated metal mobility in mine-impacted wetland sediment.

Metal mining operations can release toxic metals to surrounding environments where site-specific conditions control the movement of contaminants. Colloid-facilitated transport, the transport of contaminants with small, mobile particles, has been recognized as a potential contaminant transport vector in groundwater, but it remains unclear under what conditions it is important and whether neutral, metal-rich mine drainage from legacy mining impacts this transport vector. This work presents a set of laboratory column experiments that study the effect of colloids on metal mobility in saturated, wetland sediment that has been receiving neutral mine drainage for nearly a century, using mixed and single metal input solutions at neutral pH.

Patient Management Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a mainstay procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. PCI techniques have evolved considerably since the advent of PCI in 1978, and with this evolution in techniques has come changes in the best practices for patient management following PCI. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of key considerations in patient management following PCI.

Novel Therapies to Reduce Rehospitalization Risk in Worsening Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Worsening heart failure (WHF) challenges health care with frequent rehospitalizations and reduced quality of life for patients. Despite therapeutic advances, high rehospitalization risks highlight the urgent need for new treatments.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of initiating novel therapies during hospitalization or vulnerable phase for WHF patients to reduce rehospitalization risks and determine the optimal treatment sequence.

Virological Response to Lamivudine and Tenofovir Treatment in a Mono-infected Chronic Hepatitis B Patient with Potential Tenofovir Resistance: A Case Report.

Few cases of tenofovir resistance have been reported, and the appropriate treatment for such cases remains unclear. We aimed to share a case of a chronic hepatitis B mono-infected patient with potential tenofovir resistance who required combined lamivudine and tenofovir therapy to achieve adequate viral suppression. The patient's viral load (plasma) was monitored using the cobas® hepatitis B virus Test on the cobas® 6800 system.

Blastomycosis of the scrotum: Not a fun guy.

is a fungal pathogen endemic to North America. Infection from inhalation of its conidia has diffuse clinical manifestations. These can include genitourinary system infections which may manifest as ulcerative, draining skin lesions.

The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem.

Academic health sciences libraries ("libraries") offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program's five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity.

SGLT2i and Primary Prevention of Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes.

Background: Specific cancer treatments can lead to cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can potentially prevent these cardiotoxic effects.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether SGLT2i use is associated with a lower incidence of CTRCD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, exposed to potentially cardiotoxic antineoplastic agents, and without a prior documented history of cardiomyopathy or heart failure.

Cardiovascular Risk in Prostate Cancer: State-of-the-Art Review.

Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with prostate cancer and is a significant cause of death. Cardiovascular risk factors are frequent in this population and are often not addressed to thresholds recommended by cardiovascular practice guidelines. Androgen deprivation therapy reduces muscle strength and increases adiposity, increasing the risk for diabetes and hypertension, although its relationship with adverse cardiovascular events requires confirmation.

Cardiovascular Considerations During Cancer Therapy: Gaps in Evidence and Expert Panel Recommendations.

The administration of certain cancer therapies can be associated with the development of cardiovascular toxicity or complications. This spectrum of toxicities is broad and requires nuanced approaches for prevention, identification, and management. This expert panel summarizes the consensus of opinions of diverse health care professionals in several key areas: 1) cardioprotection involves strategies aimed at the primary prevention of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity; 2) surveillance entails monitoring for cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity during cancer therapy; 3) permissive cardiotoxicity is the informed continuation of cancer therapy in the presence of cardiovascular toxicity, along with the implementation of mitigating cardiovascular treatments; and 4) special considerations include the invasive management of severe cardiovascular disease in patients receiving treatments for advanced cancer and the exploration of drug-drug interactions in cardio-oncology.

Incident Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Oncologic Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with higher rates of incident cancer. Data are scarce regarding the association of incident CVD with oncologic outcomes after a cancer diagnosis.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether incident myocardial infarction (MI) or heart failure (HF) in breast cancer survivors is associated with oncologic outcomes.

Organizational factors impacting the implementation of a digital mental health tool in Alberta's mental health care of youth and young adults.

With mental health concerns on the rise among youth and young adults (age 12-24), increased mental health options include virtual care, apps and online tools, self-management and tracking tools, and digitally-enabled coordination of care. These tools may function as alternatives or adjuncts to face-to-face models of care. Innovative solutions in the form of digital mental health (dMH) services not only provide support, resources and care, but also decrease wait times and waitlists, increase access, and empower youth.

Understanding the Emergence of Schizophrenia in the Light of Human Evolution: New Perspectives in Genetics.

Schizophrenia is a frequent and disabling disease. The persistence of the disorder despite its harmful consequences represents an evolutionary paradox. Based on recent discoveries in genetics, scientists have formulated the "price-to-pay" hypothesis: schizophrenia would be intimately related to human evolution, particularly to brain development and human-specific higher cognitive functions.