Long-term Complications From Peripheral Nerve Blocks After Pediatric Orthopaedic Lower Extremity Procedures: A Systematic Review.

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are frequently utilized as a regional anesthetic in pediatric orthopaedic surgery for postoperative pain control and reduced time to discharge; however, short- and long-term complications after these procedures are variably reported.

Purpose: To identify the frequency of long-term complications in pediatric patients who received regional anesthesia for a lower extremity orthopaedic procedure.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Impact of Day 11 Methotrexate Dose Adjustments due to Mucositis on the Outcomes Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in the Setting of Anti Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) Based GVHD Prophylaxis.

Background: Dose adjustments of Day 11 Methotrexate (MTx) for GVHD prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) are common due to mucositis, renal injury, or other reasons. The impact of omitting or adjusting doses of MTx in the era of ATG-based GVHD prophylaxis remains unexplored.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of all adult patients undergoing allogeneic HCT who received ATG-based GVHD prophylaxis at The Ottawa Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022.

e-Health Interventions for Promoting Physical Activity in Aging Adults: A Scoping Review.

The use of e-health interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among older adults has significantly increased in recent years. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the various e-health modalities and strategies used to encourage PA in aging adults. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, and PubMed databases was conducted to identify studies on e-health interventions targeting PA promotion in individuals aged 50 and older, published between 2012 and 2023.

Influence of Regular Statin Intake on Prostate-Specific Antigen Values, Prostate Cancer Incidence and Overall Survival in a Prospective Screening Trial (ERSPC Aarau).

Objective: While statins have demonstrated a variety of antineoplastic effects in preclinical studies, several retrospective clinical studies and observational studies have not shown a consistent chemopreventive benefit against prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we examined the association of statin intake on prostate specific antigen (PSA) values and risk of development of PCa.

Method: N = 4,314 men from the Swiss section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) were evaluated.

How well is the female population represented in clinical trials with infusion therapies for Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and metanalysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both sexes, but differences exist between male and female in clinical manifestations, functional impact of symptoms and hormonal influences. Therefore, representativeness of females in PD trials indirectly determines the external validity of the clinical research in this field.

Objective: To estimate the representativeness of female in infusion therapy trials for advanced PD.

Consensus findings of an International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing workshop on using transcriptomic biomarkers to predict genotoxicity.

Gene expression biomarkers have the potential to identify genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, providing opportunities for integrated testing and reducing animal use. In August 2022, an International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) workshop was held to critically review current methods to identify genotoxicants using transcriptomic profiling. Here, we summarize the findings of the workgroup on the state of the science regarding the use of transcriptomic biomarkers to identify genotoxic chemicals in vitro and in vivo.

The healthcare experiences of rural-living Canadians with and without a primary care provider: a qualitative analysis of open-ended cross-sectional survey responses.

Aim: This study aimed to explore healthcare experiences of rural-living patients both with (attached) and without (unattached) a local primary care provider.

Background: Primary care providers serve a gatekeeping role in the Canadian healthcare system as the first contact for receiving many health services. With the shortage of primary care providers, especially in rural areas, there is a need to explore attached and unattached patient experiences when accessing healthcare.

The Impact of Cardiac Damage on In-Hospital Outcomes for Patients With Aortic Stenosis in the United States: An Analysis From The National Inpatient Sample.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to determine if cardiac damage based on hospital discharge codes is associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospital admissions between 2016 and 2021 with a diagnosis of AS in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). The cardiac damage stages 0-4 were determined based on hospital discharge codes.

Management of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease According to Principles of Wound Repair.

Background: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD) is a challenging and debilitating phenotype of Crohn's disease that can negatively affect quality of life. Studies have begun to uncover the physiologic mechanisms involved in wound repair as it relates to PFCD and how aberrations in these mechanisms may contribute to fistula persistence.

Aims: To review the physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of wound repair in PFCD and how specific therapeutic strategies may impact their outcomes.

A Fast Nonparametric Sampling Method for Time to Event in Individual-Level Simulation Models.

The nonparametric sampling method is generic and can sample times to an event from any discrete (or discretizable) hazard without requiring any parametric assumption.The method is showcased with 5 commonly used distributions in discrete-event simulation models.The method produced very similar expected times to events, as well as their probability distribution, compared with analytical results.

Multifunctional Carbon Dots In Situ Confined Hydrogel for Optical Communication, Drug Delivery, pH Sensing, Nanozymatic Activity, and UV Shielding Applications.

Inspired by the emerging potential of photoluminescent hydrogels, this work unlocks new avenues for advanced biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery applications. Carbon quantum dots (CDs) are deemed particularly promising among various optical dyes, for enhancing polymeric networks with superior physical and chemical properties. This study presents the synthesis of CDs derived from Prunella vulgaris, a natural plant resource, through a single-step hydrothermal process, followed by their uniform integration into hydrogel matrices via an in situ free radical graft polymerization.

Silicene-Based Quantum Dots Nanocomposite Coated Functional UV Protected Textiles With Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties: A Versatile Solution for Healthcare and Everyday Protection.

The predominant adverse health effects in care delivery result from hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, which impose a substantial financial burden on global healthcare systems. Integrating contact-killing antibacterial action, gas permeability, and antioxidant properties into textile coatings offers a transformative solution, significantly enhancing both medical and everyday protective applications. This study presents an innovative, pollution-free physical compounding method for creating a fluorescent biopolymer composite embedded with silicene-based heteroatom-doped carbon quantum dots for the production of functional textiles.

Association of antidepressants with cataracts and glaucoma: a disproportionality analysis using the reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) pharmacovigilance database.

Background: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for mood disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest antidepressant use may be associated with cataracts and glaucoma. We aim to investigate the association between antidepressants and cataracts and glaucoma.

In Vitro Engineered ECM-incorporated Hydrogels for Osteochondral Tissue Repair: A Cell-Free Approach.

Prevalence of osteoarthritis has been increasing in aging populations, which has necessitated the use of advanced biomedical treatments. These involve grafts or delivering drug molecules entrapped in scaffolds. However, such treatments often show suboptimal therapeutic effects due to poor half-life and off-target effects of drug molecules.

Association of Cardiac CT-Derived Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Without Left Atrial Fibrosis as Defined by Endocardial Voltage Mapping.

Introduction: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is often associated with atrial fibrosis, and both can provide the substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, most AF patients have no evidence of left atrial (LA) fibrosis based on bipolar voltage mapping. We determined whether EAT differs in AF patients without LA fibrosis compared to matched controls without AF.

Immunotherapeutic targeting of aging-associated isoDGR motif in chronic lung inflammation.

Accumulation of damaged biomolecules in body tissues is the primary cause of aging and age-related chronic diseases. Since this damage often occurs spontaneously, it has traditionally been regarded as untreatable, with typical therapeutic strategies targeting genes or enzymes being ineffective in this domain. In this report, we demonstrate that an antibody targeting the isoDGR damage motif in lung tissue can guide immune clearance of harmful damaged proteins in vivo, effectively reducing age-linked lung inflammation.

Comprehensive, Quantitative Analysis of SRM 1950: the NIST Human Plasma Reference Material.

Many analytical methods have been developed for performing targeted metabolomics. By combining multiple analytical techniques, comprehensive coverage of the metabolome can be achieved. We combined multiple analytical techniques to comprehensively and quantitatively characterize the widely studied NIST human plasma reference material, SRM 1950.

An experimental comparison on the effectiveness of various levels of simulator fidelity on ab initio pilot training.

Despite recent advances in technology use for education and training, the approach to pilot training over the past several decades has largely remained unchanged. Student pilots complete their training in actual aircraft, with very few flight hours conducted in flight training devices. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of various levels of simulator fidelity on ab initio pilot training.

Substantia nigra degeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia 2 and 7 using neuromelanin-sensitive imaging.

Objective: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are neurodegenerative diseases with widespread lesions across the central nervous system. Ataxia and spasticity are usually predominant, but patients may also present with parkinsonism. We aimed to characterize substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degeneration in SCA2 and 7 using neuromelanin-sensitive imaging.

Mechanobiological enhancement of electrospun PCL/nHA membranes for guided tissue regeneration applications.

This study aims to investigate the effects of adding nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) to electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes for use in dental root regeneration. Porous membranes containing varying amounts of nHA (0, 1, 1.5, and 2.