Impact and Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia on Fatigue among Cancer Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objectives: Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in cancer survivors. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can improve fatigue, but mechanisms are unclear. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated whether CBT-I led to a significant improvement in fatigue, accounting for change in comorbid symptoms of insomnia, perceived cognitive impairment (PCI), anxiety, and depression.

Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine 2-Drug Regimen in People Living with HIV: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC) demonstrated high rates of virologic suppression (VS) and low rates of virologic failure (VF), discontinuation, and drug resistance in randomized trials. Real-world evidence can support treatment effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in clinical practice and aid in treatment decisions.

Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify studies using DTG + 3TC (January 2013-March 2024).

Substrate stiffness dictates unique doxorubicin-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and transcriptomic signatures in human pulmonary fibroblasts.

Cells are subjected to dynamic mechanical environments which impart forces and induce cellular responses. In age-related conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, there is both an increase in tissue stiffness and an accumulation of senescent cells. While senescent cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the impact of physical stimuli on both cellular senescence and the SASP is not well understood.

Project ECHO Occupational and Environmental Medicine: A Qualitative Study of HealthCare Providers Supporting Workers with Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses.

Purpose: This qualitative study investigated the needs, barriers, and facilitators that affect primary care providers' involvement in supporting patients' stay-at-work and return-to-work following injury or illness. It also aims to understand the lived experiences of primary care providers who participated in the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes training program for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ECHO OEM). By examining both the structural and experiential aspects of the program, this study seeks to provide insights into how ECHO OEM influences providers' approaches to occupational health challenges.

Effects of lifestyle activity level on anticipatory locomotor adjustments for pedestrian circumvention: an exploratory study.

Navigating public environments requires adjustments to one's walking patterns to avoid stationary and moving obstacles. It is known that physical inactivity induces alterations in motor capacities, but the impact of inactivity on anticipatory locomotor adjustments (ALA) has not been studied. The purpose of the present exploratory study was to compare ALAs and related muscle co-contraction during a pedestrian circumvention task between active (AA) and inactive young adults (IA).

Identification of cis-sQTL demonstrates genetic associations and functional implications of inflammatory processes in Nelore cattle muscle tissue.

This study aimed to identify splicing quantitative trait loci (cis-sQTL) in Nelore cattle muscle tissue and explore the involvement of spliced genes (sGenes) in immune system-related biological processes. Genotypic data from 80 intact male Nelore cattle were obtained using SNP-Chip technology, while RNA-Seq analysis was performed to measure gene expression levels, enabling the integration of genomic and transcriptomic datasets. The normalized expression levels of spliced transcripts were associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through an analysis of variance using an additive linear model with the MatrixEQTL package.

Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes among women with beta-thalassemia major: a population-based study of a large US database.

Purpose: We explored the effect of beta-thalassemia major on pregnancy and delivery outcomes in non-endemic area, utilizing USA population database.

Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample. A cohort of all deliveries between 2011 and 2014 was created using ICD-9 codes.

Reading words versus seeing font or handwriting style: a study of hemifield processing.

Tachistoscopic studies have established a right field advantage for the perception of visually presented words, which has been interpreted as reflecting a left hemispheric specialization. However, it is not clear whether this is driven by the linguistic task of word processing, or also occurs when processing properties such as the style and regularity of text. We had 23 subjects perform a tachistoscopic study while they viewed five-letter words in either computer font or handwriting.

Nanoscale Viscometry Reveals an Inherent Mucus Defect in Cystic Fibrosis.

The abnormally viscous and thick mucus is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). How the mutated CF gene causes abnormal mucus remains an unanswered question of paramount interest. Mucus is produced by the hydration of gel-forming mucin macromolecules that are stored in intracellular granules prior to release.

Network Meta-Analysis: Comparison of Endoscopic Dysplasia Detection Technologies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Novel colorectal cancer endoscopic surveillance techniques for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have recently been developed.

Aims: Compare the efficacy of currently available techniques for dysplasia detection in colonic IBD.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search from inception to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies enrolling adults with IBD and having surveillance colonoscopy for dysplasia screening.

Therapeutic potential of ketone bodies on exercise intolerance in heart failure: looking beyond the heart.

Recent evidence suggests that ketone bodies have therapeutic potential in many cardiovascular diseases including heart failure (HF). Accordingly, this has led to multiple clinical trials that use ketone esters to treat HF patients, which we term ketone therapy. Ketone esters, specifically ketone monoesters, are synthetic compounds which, when consumed, are de-esterified into two β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) molecules and increase the circulating βOHB concentration.

Association of social determinants of health with first antiseizure medication prescription for patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess whether social determinants of health (SDOHs) are associated with the first antiseizure medication (ASM) prescribed for newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed, and the protocol registered (CRD42023448998). Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched up to July 31, 2023.

Assessment and Reporting of Extraintestinal Manifestations and Fatigue in Phase 3 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Trials.

Background: Extraintestinal Manifestations (EIMs) of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are frequently experienced by patients and may lead to severe symptoms and fatigue. However, the reporting patterns of these outcomes in IBD randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is not clear.

Methods: We searched placebo controlled phase 3 RCTs of advanced therapies in IBD and assessed the frequency and means of reporting EIM and fatigue data in these studies.

Dietary inclusion of high Amylose cornstarch increased Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and decreased Streptococcus in the cecal digesta of weanling pigs.

The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.

Systematic Review on definitions of Intestinal Ultrasound Treatment Response and Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is emerging as a valuable tool to assess treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) clinical trials. This study details how IUS defines response and remission to evaluate treatment efficacy in IBD patients.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of studies from 1984 to 31 March 2024, focusing on IUS use in assessing treatment efficacy in IBD.

Quantitative Pupillometry Predicts Neurologic Deterioration in Patients with Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke.

Objective: This study assesses whether longitudinal quantitative pupillometry predicts neurological deterioration after large middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke and determines how early changes are detectable.

Methods: This prospective, single-center observational cohort study included patients with large MCA stroke admitted to Boston Medical Center's intensive care unit (2019-2024). Associations between time-to-neurologic deterioration and quantitative pupillometry, including Neurological Pupil Index (NPi), were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates adjusted for age, sex, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score.

Immunotherapy-Resistant Neuropathic Pain and Fatigue Predict Quality-of-Life in Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 Antibody Disease.

The long-term clinical outcomes and associated prognostic factors in contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2)-antibody diseases are unknown. A total of 75 participants with CASPR2 antibodies were longitudinally assessed for disability, quality-of-life, and chronic pain. Although most symptoms improved within 6 months of treatment, neuropathic pain and fatigue were the most immunotherapy refractory, and persisted for up to 6 years.

Interplay of Light, Melatonin, and Circadian Genes in Skin Pigmentation Regulation.

Circadian regulation of skin pigmentation is essential for thermoregulation, ultraviolet (UV) protection, and synchronization of skin cell renewal. This regulation involves both cell-autonomous photic responses and non-cell-autonomous hormonal control, particularly through melatonin produced in a light-sensitive manner. Photosensitive opsins, cryptochromes, and melatonin regulate circadian rhythms in skin pigment cells.

New onset refractory status epilepticus: Long-term outcomes beyond seizures.

We propose and prioritize important outcome domains that should be considered for future research investigating long-term outcomes (LTO) after new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The study was led by the international NORSE Institute LTO Working Group. First, literature describing the LTO of NORSE survivors was identified using a PubMed search and summarized to identify knowledge gaps.

Upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in MS: Sex, menopause, and neurodegeneration.

Background: Spinal cord (SC) atrophy is a key imaging biomarker of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive MS is more common in men and postmenopausal women.

Objective: Investigate the impact of sex and menopause on SC measurements in persons with MS (pwMS).

Population Genomics Reveals Local Adaptation Related to Temperature Variation in Two Stream Frog Species: Implications for Vulnerability to Climate Warming.

Identifying populations at highest risk from climate change is a critical component of conservation efforts. However, vulnerability assessments are usually applied at the species level, even though intraspecific variation in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity play a crucial role in determining vulnerability. Genomic data can inform intraspecific vulnerability by identifying signatures of local adaptation that reflect population-level variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

The safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation and exercise therapy for the treatment of cervicogenic headaches: A randomized pilot trial.

Objective: Our primary objective was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with exercise therapy for the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Our exploratory objectives compared symptoms of headache, mood, pain, and quality of life between active and sham transcranial direct stimulation combined with exercise therapy.

Background: Cervicogenic headache arises from injury to the cervical spine or degenerative diseases impacting cervical spine structure resulting in pain, reduced quality of life, and impaired function.