PP2A-Tws dephosphorylates Map205, is required for Polo localization to microtubules and promotes cytokinesis in Drosophila.

Background: Mitosis and cytokinesis are regulated by reversible phosphorylation events controlled by kinases and phosphatases. Drosophila Polo kinase, like its human ortholog PLK1, plays several roles in this process. Multiple mechanisms contribute to regulate Polo/PLK1 activity, localization and interactions.

Towards a histological diagnosis of childhood small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Background: Primary small vessel CNS vasculitis (sv-cPACNS) is a challenging inflammatory brain disease in children. Brain biopsy is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. This study aims to develop and validate a histological scoring tool for diagnosing small vessel CNS vasculitis.

Distinct network patterns emerge from Cartesian and XOR epistasis models: a comparative network science analysis.

Background: Epistasis, the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (or variant) is masked or modified by one or more other genes, significantly contributes to the phenotypic variance of complex traits. Traditionally, epistasis has been modeled using the Cartesian epistatic model, a multiplicative approach based on standard statistical regression. However, a recent study investigating epistasis in obesity-related traits has identified potential limitations of the Cartesian epistatic model, revealing that it likely only detects a fraction of the genetic interactions occurring in natural systems.

The association between social support and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that can arise following childbirth. Despite a growing body of research on postpartum mental health, the relationship between social support and postpartum PTSD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between social support and postpartum PTSD.

Bias in machine learning applications to address non-communicable diseases at a population-level: a scoping review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in population and public health to support epidemiological studies, surveillance, and evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify studies that use ML in population health, with a focus on its use in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also examine potential algorithmic biases in model design, training, and implementation, as well as efforts to mitigate these biases.

Four COVID-19 screening strategies for early case identification within the homeless shelter population: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: To compare the effectiveness of four surveillance strategies for detecting SARS-CoV-2 within the homeless shelter population in Hamilton, ON and assess participant adherence over time for each surveillance method.

Methods: This was an open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in eleven homeless shelters in Hamilton, Ontario, from April 2020 to January 2021. All participants who consented to the study and participated in the surveillance were eligible for testing by self-swabbing.

Multi-Energy Evaluation of Image Quality in Spectral CT Pulmonary Angiography Using Different Strength Deep Learning Spectral Reconstructions.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate and compare image quality of different energy levels of virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) using standard versus strong deep learning spectral reconstruction (DLSR) on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiogram (DECT-PA).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 70 patients who underwent DECT-PA (15 PE present; 55 PE absent) scans. VMIs were reconstructed at different energy levels ranging from 35 to 200 keV using standard and strong levels with deep learning spectral reconstruction.

A systematic review of the comparative effects of sound and music interventions for intensive care unit patients' outcomes.

Background: Despite syntheses of evidence showing efficacy of music intervention for improving psychological and physiological outcomes in critically ill patients, interventions that include nonmusic sounds have not been addressed in reviews of evidence. It is unclear if nonmusic sounds in the intensive care unit (ICU) can confer benefits similar to those of music.

Objective: The aim of this study was to summarise and contrast available evidence on the effect of music and nonmusic sound interventions for the physiological and psychological outcomes of ICU patients based on the results of randomised controlled trials.

Impact of Inflammation After Cardiac Surgery on 30-Day Mortality and Machine Learning Risk Prediction.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on 30-day mortality following cardiac surgery and develop a machine learning model to predict SIRS.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single tertiary care hospital.

Pharmacists as independent prescribers in community pharmacy: A scoping review.

Background: There has been a growing interest in granting prescribing rights to pharmacists as a strategy to improve healthcare access. Researchers continue to explore the impact and implementation of pharmacist prescribing. Given the recent international changes in this field, an overview of current territories allowing pharmacist independent prescribing would provide a comprehensive understanding for researchers and policymakers.

Early midlife ovarian removal is associated with lower posterior hippocampal function.

Introduction: Women with early bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) have greater Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk than women with spontaneous menopause (SM), but the pathway toward this risk is understudied. Considering associative memory deficits may reflect early signs of AD, we studied how BSO affected brain activity underlying associative memory.

Methods: Early midlife women with BSO (with and without 17β-estradiol therapy [ET]) and age-matched controls (AMCs) with intact ovaries completed a face-name associative memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Continence care quality from the perspective of older adults receiving home care services and residents of long-term care: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is associated with social isolation, deconditioning, depression, falls and early mortality. It impairs quality of life, even in residents of nursing homes, and, in the community, increases the risk of institutionalisation. Care focused on the preservation of dignity during intimate care is important in the care of older adults.

Care delivery in the context of district mental healthcare plans in Ghana: a qualitative study exploring experiences of primary healthcare workers and service users.

Objective: To explore the perceptions and experiences of mental health service users and healthcare workers regarding the implementation of district mental healthcare plans (DMHPs) in three district demonstration sites in Ghana.

Design: The study employed a qualitative design using reflexive thematic analysis. Interview data were analysed by combining inductive and deductive approaches.

Inequalities in ownership and availability of home-based vaccination records in 82 low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction: Home-based records (HBRs) are widely used for recording health information including child immunisations. We studied levels and inequalities in HBR ownership in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from national surveys conducted since 2010.

Methods: We used data from national household surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)) from 82 LMICs.

Metabolic factors modulate effort-based decision-making in major depressive disorder.

Background: Abnormalities in effort-based decision-making have been consistently reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence indicates that metabolic factors, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which are highly prevalent in MDD, are independently associated with reward disturbances. Herein, we investigate the moderating effect of metabolic factors on effort-based decision-making in individuals with MDD.

Modified Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet Maintains Remission in Pediatric Crohn's Disease; Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background & Aims: The Crohn's Disease (CD) Exclusion Diet (CDED)+Partial Enteral Nutrition (PEN) is effective for inducing remission in mild-moderate CD. We assessed whether a 2-week course of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN), followed by CDED+PEN is superior to 8 weeks of EEN in sustaining clinical remission at week 14 in mild-to-severe CD and if CDED+PEN can maintain remission to week 24.

Methods: This international, multicenter, randomized-controlled trial compared 2-weeks of EEN (Modulen®IBD) followed by 3 phases of the CDED+PEN (henceforth CDED) to 8 weeks of EEN, followed by PEN with free diet up to week 24 (henceforth EEN).

Differential Efficacy of Advanced Therapies in Inducing Remission in Ulcerative Colitis Based on Prior Exposure to TNF Antagonists.

Background And Aims: We sought to ascertain how prior exposure to TNF antagonists impacts treatment response with various classes of advanced therapies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Through a systematic review of multiple databases through June 30, 2024, we identified 17 RCTs in 8871 adults with moderate-severe UC who were treated with different advanced therapies vs. placebo, and reported efficacy in induction of clinical remission, stratified by prior exposure to TNF antagonists.

Biomedical data analytics for better patient outcomes.

Medical professionals today have access to immense amounts of data, which enables them to make decisions that enhance patient care and treatment efficacy. This innovative strategy can improve global health care by bridging the divide between clinical practice and medical research. This paper reviews biomedical developments aimed at improving patient outcomes by addressing three main questions regarding techniques, data sources and challenges.

Predicting lack of clinical improvement following varicose vein ablation using machine learning.

Objective: Varicose vein ablation is generally indicated in patients with active/healed venous ulcers. However, patient selection for intervention in individuals without venous ulcers is less clear. Tools that predict lack of clinical improvement (LCI) following vein ablation may help guide clinical decision-making but remain limited.

The Impact of Resistance Training and Diabetes Education on Physical Functioning, Frailty Status, and Glycemia in Older Adults with Short- and Long-Duration Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the Band-Frail Study.

Background: Diabetes duration is an underappreciated risk factor in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management that can increase the risk of complications and potentially decrease the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. However, whether T2DM duration impacts the efficacy of an elastic band resistance training intervention for older adults living with comorbid T2DM and frailty is unclear.

Objective: This analysis aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week elastic band resistance training and diabetes education intervention on physical functioning, glycemia, and frailty in older adults of different T2DM durations.

A comparison of freeze- and air-dried chitosan salicylaldehyde/calcium oxide biocomposites for optimized removal of acid red 88 dye.

Chitosan salicylaldehyde/calcium oxide nanoparticle (CS-SL/CaO) was synthesized by hydrothermal process and isolated via different drying processes, namely, air-drying (AD) and freeze-drying (FD). The physicochemical properties of freeze-dried CS-SL/CaO nanoparticle (CS-SL/CaO-FD) and air-dried CS-SL/CaO nanoparticle (CS-SL/CaO-AD) were compared. In particular, the adsorption properties reveal that the specific surface area of CS-SL/CaO-FD increased by ca.

A postbiotic exopolysaccharide synergizes with Lactobacillus acidophilus to reduce intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease marked by gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from probiotic bacteria have been shown to regulate microbial composition and metabolism, but their role in promoting probiotic growth and alleviating inflammation in UC remains unclear. Here, we investigate BLEPS-1, a novel EPS derived from Bifidobacterium longum subsp.

Guidance reconciliation and practice question prioritization for a World Health Organization's Ebola and Marburg Disease guideline.

Objective: To describe the processes of reconciling overlapping guidance and prioritizing practice questions for a World Health Organization (WHO) guideline on Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) for Ebola and Marburg disease.

Methods: This work involved the reconciliation of guidance, the generation of potential practice questions and the prioritization of those questions. Contributors included the WHO secretariat, the WHO steering group, the guideline methodologists, and the guideline development group (GDG).