Pore pressure inhibits clustering of induced earthquakes in Western Canada.

Induced earthquakes are manifestations of highly heterogeneous distributions of effective stress changes imparted by anthropogenic activities such as hydraulic fracturing and wastewater injection. It is critical to disentangle the mechanisms behind these earthquakes to better assess seismic risk. Here, a clustering methodology is applied to a catalog of 21,536 induced earthquakes detected during a 36-d hydraulic stimulation program in Western Canada.

Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta-lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context.

Pan-European atmospheric lead pollution, enhanced blood lead levels, and cognitive decline from Roman-era mining and smelting.

Ancient texts and archaeological evidence indicate substantial lead exposure during antiquity that potentially impacted human health. Although lead exposure routes were many and included the use of glazed tablewares, paints, cosmetics, and even intentional ingestion, the most significant for the nonelite, rural majority of the population may have been through background air pollution from mining and smelting of silver and lead ores that underpinned the Roman economy. Here, we determined potential health effects of this air pollution using Arctic ice core measurements of Roman-era lead pollution, atmospheric modeling, and modern epidemiology-based relationships between air concentrations, blood lead levels (BLLs), and cognitive decline.

Integrative proteogenomic analyses provide novel interpretations of type 1 diabetes risk loci through circulating proteins.

Circulating proteins may be promising biomarkers or drug targets. Leveraging genome-wide association studies of type 1 diabetes (18,942 cases and 501,638 controls of European ancestry) and circulating protein abundances (10,708 European ancestry individuals), Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to assess the associations between circulating abundances of 1,560 candidate proteins and the risk of type 1 diabetes, followed by multiple sensitivity and colocalization analyses, horizontal pleiotropy examinations, and replications. Bulk tissue and single-cell gene expression enrichment analyses were performed to explore candidate tissues and cell types for prioritized proteins.

Leveraging cancer mutation data to inform the pathogenicity classification of germline missense variants.

Innovative and easy-to-implement strategies are needed to improve the pathogenicity assessment of rare germline missense variants. Somatic cancer driver mutations identified through large-scale tumor sequencing studies often impact genes that are also associated with rare Mendelian disorders. The use of cancer mutation data to aid in the interpretation of germline missense variants, regardless of whether the gene is associated with a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome or a non-cancer-related developmental disorder, has not been systematically assessed.

Preventing zoonotic spillover through regulatory frameworks governing wildlife trade: A scoping review.

Wildlife trade can create adverse impacts for biodiversity and human health globally, including increased risks for zoonotic spillover that can lead to pandemics. Institutional responses to zoonotic threats posed by wildlife trade are diverse; understanding regulations governing wildlife trade is an important step for effective zoonotic spillover prevention measures. In this review, we focused on peer-reviewed studies and grey literature conducted on regulatory approaches that govern domestic and international wildlife trade in order to assess the role of local, national and global-level institutions in the prevention of zoonotic spillover and infection transmission between humans.

Terminology in ecology and evolutionary biology disproportionately harms marginalized groups.

The discipline of ecology and evolutionary biology (EEB) has long grappled with issues of inclusivity and representation, particularly for individuals with systematically excluded and marginalized backgrounds or identities. For example, significant representation disparities still persist that disproportionately affect women and gender minorities; Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC); individuals with disabilities; and people who are LGBTQIA+. Recent calls for action have urged the EEB community to directly address issues of representation, inclusion, justice, and equity.

Inclusion and Exclusion - How Staff Experience Belonging at a Mental Health and Addiction Hospital Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study and the Implications.

The need for belonging is a fundamental human motivation. Despite the significance of belonging, many people struggle to feel a sense of it. Healthcare organizations continue to experience workforce shortages.

Medication Withdrawal With Normal or Near-normal Histology in Ulcerative Colitis is Associated With Clinical Relapse.

Goals: We sought to understand the clinical course and risk of dysplasia in persons with UC who achieve near or complete normalization of histology.

Background: Histologic remission and normalization in ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with improved clinical outcomes. We sought to understand the clinical course and risk of dysplasia in persons with UC who achieve near or complete normalization of histology.

Understanding the Measurement of Pressure Within the Spinal Cord to Optimize Spinal Cord Perfusion Pressure Using a Porcine Model of Spinal Cord Injury.

Recent studies have reported that monitoring spinal cord perfusion pressure (SCPP) using a pressure probe to measure "intraspinal pressure" (ISP) within the subdural space at the injury site may improve the hemodynamic management of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. This study aimed to investigate, within a pig model of SCI, the relationship between the ISP measured within the subdural space and the "spinal cord pressure" (SCP) measured within the spinal cord itself. Specifically, we sought to characterize the changes to ISP and SCP over time, both rostral and caudal to the injury epicenter, and in relation to native spinal cord morphometry.

Young adult drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the role of anxiety sensitivity, perceived stress, and drinking motives.

Studies have shown that those high in anxiety were at increased risk for alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tension reduction theory points to anxiety sensitivity (AS) as a potential risk factor. Drinking to cope may further increase this risk.

Perspective: Incidence of Clinician-Diagnosed Lyme Disease in Manitoba, Canada 2009-2018.

Lyme disease (LD) surveillance yields useful information to monitor the disease trends and spatial distribution. However, due to several factors, the Manitoba Health surveillance system, as with other systems, could be subject to underreporting. To estimate the number and incidence of clinician-diagnosed LD over the study period in Manitoba, describe the epidemiology of clinician-diagnosed LD, and compare the findings with Manitoba Health LD surveillance data during the same period to estimate the extent of underreporting.

Fluoride Exposure and Children's IQ Scores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Previous meta-analyses suggest that fluoride exposure is adversely associated with children's IQ scores. An individual's total fluoride exposure comes primarily from fluoride in drinking water, food, and beverages.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating children's IQ scores and prenatal or postnatal fluoride exposure.

Soft Robotics in Upper Limb Neurorehabilitation and Assistance: Current Clinical Evidence and Recommendations.

Soft robotics is gaining interest in rehabilitation applications, bringing new opportunities to offset the loss of upper limb motor function following neurological, neuromuscular, or traumatic injuries. Unlike conventional rigid robotics, the added softness in linkages or joints promises to make rehabilitation robots compliant, which translates into higher levels of safety, comfort, usability, and portability, opening the door for these rehabilitation technologies to be used in daily life. While several reviews documented the different technical implementations of soft rehabilitation robots, it is essential to discuss the growing clinical evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of using this technology for rehabilitative and assistive purposes, whether softness brings the expected advantages from the perspective of end users, and how we should proceed in the future of this field.

Small upconversion-ruthenium nanohybrids for cancer theranostics.

Photoresponsive drug delivery systems have great potential for improved cancer therapy. However, most of the currently available drug-delivery nanosystems are relatively large and require light excitation with low tissue penetration. Here, we designed a near infrared responsive drug delivery system by loading [Ru(terpyridine)(dipyridophenazine)(HO)] (Ru(tpy)DPPZ) in azobenzene-modified mesoporous silica coated NaGdF:Nd/Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles (azo-mSiO-UCNPs).

Modulating intestinal neuroimmune VIPergic signaling attenuates the reduction in ILC3-derived IL-22 and hepatic steatosis in MASLD.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly known as NAFLD) is a major driver of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. However, therapeutic options for MASLD, including prevention of liver steatosis, are limited. We previously described that vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing neurons (VIP-neurons) regulate the efficiency of intestinal dietary fat absorption and IL-22 production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the intestine.

Differences in Geographical Location and Health Behaviors of Participants in a Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention for Children and Adolescents Living with Obesity.

It is unknown if children and youth who live in rural or "less rural" locations who enroll in the provincially funded Generation Health Clinic (British Columbia, Canada), a family-based lifestyle program for weight management, present with different health behaviors at baseline. Thus, we assessed sociodemographic and health behavior (diet, physical activity, and sleep) collected between 2015 and 2019. Data were stratified by age (children: ≤12 years; adolescents: ≥13 years) and geographical location ("less urban" and urban) based on Statistics Canada definitions and then analyzed using independent -tests and chisquare tests.

Priority Clinical Actions for Outpatient Management of Nonhospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury.

Outpatient care following nonhospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) is variable, and often sparse. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's 2022 report on highlighted the need to improve the consistency and quality of TBI care in the community. In response, the present study aimed to identify existing evidence-based guidance and specific clinical actions over the days to months following nonhospitalized TBI that should be prioritized for implementation in primary care.

A Maximum-Use Trial of Ruxolitinib Cream in Children Aged 2-11 Years with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Ruxolitinib cream has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activity and was well tolerated in a phase 3 study in patients aged 2-11 years with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: This study examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and quality of life (QoL) with ruxolitinib cream under maximum-use conditions and with longer-term use.

Methods: Eligible patients were aged 2-11 years with moderate to severe AD [Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score 3-4], and ≥ 35% affected body surface area (BSA).

Oxytocin versus carbetocin at elective Cesarean delivery in parturients with class III obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

Purpose: Class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg·m) is associated with high rates of Cesarean deliveries and postpartum hemorrhage, with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. The doses of oxytocin and carbetocin are two to four times higher at Cesarean delivery in patients with class III obesity. We sought to investigate the efficacy of carbetocin 80 µg iv compared with oxytocin 1 IU iv (plus infusion) at elective Cesarean delivery in parturients with class III obesity.