Perspective: Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Nutritional Management of Diabetes in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis.

Managing diabetes in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is challenging due to the combined effects of dietary glucose, glucose from dialysate, and other medical complications. Advances in technology that enable continuous biological data collection are transforming traditional management approaches. This review explores how multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) are enhancing glucose management in this patient population.

A meta-analysis of intravitreal ranibizumab versus laser photocoagulation for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: Laser photocoagulation (LPC) has been a traditional treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab (IVR) have also been increasingly used. This meta-analysis aims to rigorously compare IVR to LPC in the treatment of ROP.

The obesogenic effects of Bisphenol A and its analogues are differentially regulated via PPARγ transactivation in mouse 3T3-L1 cells.

Exposure to environmental pollutants with obesogenic activity is being recognised as one of the contributing factors to the obesity epidemic. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to stimulate adipogenesis in both human and mouse preadipocytes, to increase body weight and affect lipid metabolism in animal and epidemiological studies. Regulatory action and public concern has prompted industry to replace BPA with other structurally similar analogues that may have similar effects.

Examining implementation outcomes in health information exchange systems: A scoping review.

Background: Health information exchange (HIE) facilitates the secure exchange of digital health data across disparate health systems and settings. The implementation of information technology projects in healthcare is complex, further complicated by the fact that implementation success, through the measure of implementation outcomes, has been inconsistently defined and evaluated. There is no known scoping review examining implementation success through implementation outcomes in the field of HIE technologies.

GABA receptors regulate the neural stem cell potential of Pkd2l1 cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) exhibit neural stem cell (NSC) properties both in vitro and in vivo, and they may play a critical role in recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). GABA receptors (GABABRs) are expressed in Pkd2l1 CSF-cNs. However, their role in Pkd2l1 CSF-cNs still needs to be discovered.

Intergenerational Impacts of Historical Trauma on Contemporary Depression Symptoms Among Indigenous Communities.

Introduction: Indigenous communities in the U.S. and Canada have endured generations of historical trauma.

Novel metal-organic framework coated with chitosan-κ-carrageenan as a platform for curcumin delivery to cancer cells.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise as pH-responsive drug delivery systems, with considerable potential for targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we synthesized a novel curcumin-loaded MOF, named UWO-2 (CUR@UWO-2), and developed its biocomposite form, CS-κ-Cr/CUR@UWO-2, by coating it with chitosan (CS) and κ-carrageenan (κ-Cr). Structural analysis through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of UWO-2 and the incorporation of CUR within the MOF structure.

Comparing innovative AI algorithms to assess echocardiographic videos for clinical modelling.

Objective(s): We conduct a comparative study that employs the use of multiple dynamic deep learning algorithms to develop predictive models with video-based echocardiographic images using sample size determination as a key variable to assess optimal performance metrics.

Methods: Our study compares performance of 3D convolutional neural networks, video vision transformers, and hybrid convolutional neural networks and Long Short-Term Memory models within both supervised and semi-supervised domains using variable sample sizes.

Results: For supervised learning, the ResNet3D model achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) across all training set sizes (200, 400, and 800-video datasets), with the best performance observed on the 800-video training set (MAE: 7.

Data management and sharing.

Guided by the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), responsible data sharing requires well-organized, high-quality datasets. However, researchers often struggle with implementing Data Management and Sharing Plans (DMSPs) due to lack of knowledge on how to do this, time constraints, legal, technical and financial challenges, particularly concerning data ownership and privacy. While patients support data sharing, researchers and funders may hesitate, fearing the loss of intellectual property or competitive advantage.

Subsidies, Standards, or Both? Trade-Offs among Policies for 100% Zero-Emissions Vehicle Sales.

Numerous regions are committed to reaching 100% light-duty zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) sales by 2035 or earlier. For the case of Canada, we explore two policy pathways toward this goal: (i) a stringent ZEV sales standard (or mandate) and (ii) a purchase subsidy-based strategy (of three different durations). The AUtomaker-consumer Model (AUM) is used to compare policy impacts on ZEV sales, GHG mitigation, vehicle markups and prices, and automaker profits from 2023 to 2035.

Characteristics of supervised injection site clients and factors associated with requiring overdose intervention, Montreal, Canada, 2018-2022.

Background: Supervised injection sites (SIS) offer a hygienic environment in which people can inject drugs under observation; as such, these harm reduction services have been on the forefront of the overdose epidemic. We sought to understand factors predictive of an overdose requiring an emergency response intervention at SIS in Montréal, Canada.

Methods: We used administrative data from all four Montréal SIS from 1 March 2018 - 31 October 2022 to first calculate the rate of onsite overdose requiring intervention (e.

The impact of recreational cannabis retailer allocation on emergency department visits: A natural experiment utilizing lottery design.

Background: In October 2018, Canada legalized recreational cannabis, with Ontario distributing retailer licenses through a lottery system in 2019. This study investigates the impact of recreational cannabis retailer allocation on emergency department (ED) visits related to cannabis, alcohol, and opioids.

Method: A longitudinal study of 278 communities in Ontario (proxied by Forward Sortation Areas, FSAs) was conducted using health administrative data from ICES for all Ontario residents covered by public health insurance.

Sequential emergence and quantitative dynamics of key bacterial species preceding digital dermatitis lesion onset in dairy cattle.

Digital dermatitis (DD) is a skin infection of cattle's feet with multiple bacteria suspected to be involved, yet its precise etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This longitudinal study explored the temporal changes of seven DD-associated bacteria in feet developing lesions or remaining healthy, while simultaneously investigating their persistence in potential reservoirs as sources of infection. Weekly swabs were collected from feet skin and saliva of 53 Holstein cows without DD lesions sequentially enrolled at calving in a commercial dairy herd.

Total proteome and calcium-binding proteins from human breast milk: Exploring the impact of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental factors.

This study integrates proteome analysis of human breast milk (HBM) from a homogeneous group of mothers who are of similar age and live in the same geographical area, along with an analysis of essential and potentially toxic elements in HBM in relation to lifestyle and environmental factors. This preliminary proteomic study, which examined 11 samples of HBM from lactating women, identified a total of 1619 proteins across all samples, revealing significant differences in proteomes influenced by lactation stages, parity, and exposure to tobacco smoke. The pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility of correlating certain proteins with several elements, considered as indicators of tobacco smoke and environmental influences on HBM.

Prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with epilepsy.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with a burden of comorbidities. Knowledge regarding sarcopenia prevalence and associated risk factors in patients with epilepsy remains limited, which prompted us to conduct the present study.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with epilepsy from our epilepsy clinic and controls from the staff at National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.

Nanoscale interaction mechanism between bubbles and microplastics under the influence of natural organic matter in simulated marine environment.

Bubble-microplastic (MP) interaction is a significant process that changes the routes of MP circulation in marine environment and thereby determines the risk of MPs, which could be strongly influenced by natural organic matter (NOM) in oceans. However, the quantitative interaction mechanisms between bubbles and MPs under the effect of NOM remain elusive. Herein, bubble-MP interactions in simulated seawater were quantified at nanoscale based on atomic force microscope coupled with the Stokes-Reynold-Young-Laplace model.

Exploratory metabolomic profiling of plasma and urine in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): A pilot study.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. It results from a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), leading to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues and organs. Clinical manifestations include skeletal abnormalities, facial coarsening, organ enlargement, and developmental delays.

Kinematic Alignment Does Not Result in Clinically Important Improvements After TKA Compared With Mechanical Alignment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background: There is debate as to whether kinematic TKA or mechanical alignment TKA is superior. Recent systematic reviews have suggested that kinematically aligned TKAs may be the preferred option. However, the observed differences in alignment favoring kinematic alignment may not improve outcomes (performance or durability) in ways that patients can perceive, and likewise, statistical differences in outcome scores sometimes observed in clinical trials may be too small for patients to notice.

Abelacimab versus Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Abelacimab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to the inactive form of factor XI and blocks its activation. The safety of abelacimab as compared with a direct oral anticoagulant in patients with atrial fibrillation is unknown.

Methods: Patients with atrial fibrillation and a moderate-to-high risk of stroke were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive subcutaneous injection of abelacimab (150 mg or 90 mg once monthly) administered in a blinded fashion or oral rivaroxaban (20 mg once daily) administered in an open-label fashion.

Assessing and Enhancing Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments in Early Childhood Education and Care Centers: Scoping Review of eHealth Tools.

Background: Early childhood is a critical period for shaping lifelong health behaviors, making early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments ideal for implementing nutrition and physical activity interventions. eHealth tools are increasingly utilized in ECEC settings due to their accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, demonstrating promise in enhancing educators' practices. Despite the potential effectiveness of these eHealth approaches, a comprehensive collection of available evidence on eHealth tools designed to assess or support best practices for nutrition or physical activity in ECECs is currently lacking.

Parental Technoference and Child Problematic Media Use: Meta-Analysis.

Background: Parental technoference, the interruption of parent-child interactions by technology, has been associated with negative outcomes in children's media use. However, the magnitude of this relationship and its moderating factors remain unclear.

Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the relationship between parental technoference and child problematic media use, as well as to identify moderating factors such as age, parental technoference group, study design, and type of problematic media use.