Helping authors produce FAIR taxonomic data: evaluation of an author-driven phenotype data production prototype.

It is well-known that the use of vocabulary in phenotype treatments is often inconsistent. An earlier survey of biologists who create or use phenotypic characters revealed that this lack of standardization leads to ambiguities, frustrating both the consumers and producers of phenotypic data. Such ambiguities are challenging for biologists, and more so for Artificial Intelligence, to resolve.

Early-life Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Rationale: Tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the influence of early-life tobacco exposure on future IPF risk remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that early-life tobacco exposure may elevate the risk of developing IPF, with this effect potentially modified by genetic susceptibility to IPF and mediated through accelerated biological aging.

Methods: Using data from over 430,000 participants in the UK Biobank, we performed a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of maternal smoking around birth and age of smoking initiation with IPF risk.

Prosocial behavior interventions implemented among undergraduate student populations: a scoping review.

Introduction: Undergraduate students face a multitude of unique stressors which can affect their mental health and well-being. Finding ways to promote positive mental health among students is critical. Engagement in prosocial behavior is one way to buffer against such negative mental health outcomes.

Specific immunohistochemical expression of Mmp-26 in prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been identified as biomarkers for several diseases, including cancer. The increase in the expression of these enzymes has been related to greater tumor aggressiveness. MMP-26 is expressed constitutively in the endometrium and some cancer cells of epithelial origin.

Developing a Profile of Canadian Children With Cerebral Palsy Who Require Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most prevalent motor disability affecting children. Many children with CP have significant speech difficulties and require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to participate in communication. Despite demonstrable benefits, the use of AAC systems among children with CP remains constrained, although research in Canada is lacking.

Material deprivation, racial inequalities and mortality from female breast, prostate, and cervical neoplasm in the Brazilian adult population: an ecological study.

This article aims to identify the relationship between material deprivation and mortality from breast, cervical, and prostate neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population and the relationship between ethnicity/skin color and material deprivation. This cross-sectional ecological study calculated the mean mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants, and deaths were standardized by age and gender and redistributed per to ill-defined causes, stratified by age group and ethnicity/skin color. We applied the Negative Binomial model, containing the interaction between ethnicity/skin color and the Brazilian Deprivation Index (IBP).

COVID-19 mortality among international migrants in Brazil: spatio-temporal analysis, 2020-2022.

Objective: To describe the mortality profile and analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 mortality among international migrants residing in Brazil from 2020 to 2022.

Methods: This is a descriptive and ecological cross-sectional study using secondary data. Absolute and relative frequencies of the sociodemographic profile and mortality coefficients (MCs) were analyzed.

Analysis and optimization of the landing zone parameters of a sclera lens model.

Purpose: This study aimed to modify scleral contact lenses to achieve a desired compression standard and to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the adjustments.

Methods: In this nonrandomized, noncomparative, and partially masked study Scleral contact lens fittings were analyzed in 20 eyes of 12 patients (50% women, 50% men) diagnosed with keratoconus. Participants were selected based on their need for scleral contact lenses (SCLs), which was determined in complete ophthalmological examinations.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Deposition on a Copper Powder Surface Using Mechanochemistry.

Metal powders are crucial precursors for manufacturing surfaces through thermal spraying, cold spraying, and 3D printing methods. However, surface oxidation of these precursors poses a challenge to the coherence of the metallic materials during manufacturing processes. Herein, we introduce a method for surface modification of copper powder with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) using mechanochemistry to mitigate surface oxidation.

Biomechanical Principles of Spinal Deformity Correction in the Thoracolumbar Spine.

Thoracolumbar spinal deformities are a pervasive condition affecting the adolescent and adult patient population. These deformities represent three-dimensional alterations in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes with implication on the local, regional, and global alignment. With continued studies, the importance of the overall correction on long-term outcomes has been established.

Buruli Ulcer Transmission: Environmental Pathways and Implications for Dermatologic Care.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing skin and soft tissue disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that is common in hot and humid climates. Mycobacterium ulcerans is a nontuberculous mycobacterium and ubiquitous acid-fast gram-positive bacillus known to thrive in aquatic environments and water insects. The mode of transmission to humans is poorly understood and varies by geography.

Serine phosphorylation facilitates protein degradation by the human mitochondrial ClpXP protease.

ClpXP is a two-component mitochondrial matrix protease. The caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X (ClpX) recognizes and translocates protein substrates into the degradation chamber of the caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) for proteolysis. ClpXP degrades damaged respiratory chain proteins and is necessary for cancer cell survival.

The landscape of family medicine in India - A cross-sectional survey study.

Family medicine was recognized as a distinct specialty in India in the early 1980s, but it is at an early stage of implementation. There are few training programs, and little is known about family physicians' training, perceptions, and current practices. This paper describes the findings from the first national survey of family medicine in India.

Gait Speed Modifies Efficacy of Home-Based Exercise for Falls in Older Adults with a Previous Fall: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Exercise is an evidence-based strategy for preventing falls. However, its efficacy may vary based on individual characteristics, like gait speed. The study examined whether baseline gait speed modified the effects of home-based exercise on subsequent falls among older adults.

Regulatory issues surrounding the management of selenium-introduction to a special series of papers.

Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring metalloid in soils and rocks that is released by weathering processes; it is also enriched by some anthropogenic activities, including mining and agriculture. The mechanism of Se aquatic toxicity has been understood for several decades; at elevated concentrations, dietary Se can accumulate in maternal tissues of fish and birds, become deposited into their eggs, and can potentially result in impaired embryological development. North American environmental regulations have acknowledged differences in species sensitivity and variation among aquatic environments (i.

Treatment outcomes among children and adolescents with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR- tuberculosis (TB) account for approximately a third of pediatric MDR-TB cases globally. Clinical management is challenging; recommendations are based on limited evidence. We assessed the clinical outcomes for children and adolescents treated for XDR-and pre-XDR-TB.

Brief social presence improves delayed memory for online lecture content.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of videoconferencing platforms became ubiquitous in postsecondary education around the world, making it crucial to understand how to maximize the efficacy of synchronous online classes. Given that social information can act as a motivation and improve memory, the current study tested the hypothesis that brief social presence during an online class would act as a social reward that would increase delayed memory for lecture information. Undergraduate students attended a mock synchronous class during which they viewed a pre-recorded science lecture, and social presence was manipulated by having participants turn on their cameras before and after the lecture (high social presence) or having cameras remain off during the entire class (low social presence).

Specialty-specific Evaluation of Virtual care Outcomes: A retrospective QUality and safety analysis (S-EVOQUe).

The objective was to compare specialty-specific 7- and 30-day outcomes between virtual care visits and in-person visits which occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Using administrative data from provincial databases in Ontario, ambulatory care visits occurring virtually and in-person during specific timeframes within the pandemic were analyzed. Virtual care visits were matched with corresponding in-person visits based on multiple baseline patient characteristics.

The impact of Daylight Saving Time on dog activity.

While most studies on Daylight Saving Time (DST) focus on human sleep and well-being, there is a dearth of understanding of how this sudden, human-mitigated change affects the routines of companion animals. The objective of this study was to assess how DST influenced the morning activity pattern of dogs (Canis familiaris). We used accelerometers to record activity in 25 sled dogs and 29 caregiver-companion dog dyads located in or near Ontario, Canada during the Fall Back time shift.

Diagnostic Decision-Making Variability Between Novice and Expert Optometrists for Glaucoma: Comparative Analysis to Inform AI System Design.

Background: While expert optometrists tend to rely on a deep understanding of the disease and intuitive pattern recognition, those with less experience may depend more on extensive data, comparisons, and external guidance. Understanding these variations is important for developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems that can effectively support optometrists with varying degrees of experience and minimize decision inconsistencies.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the variations in diagnostic decision-making approaches between novice and expert optometrists.

Nurses and allied professionals' engagement in clinical research-in-practice: a statement of the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology.

Many nurses and allied professionals (NAPs) lack the skills, knowledge and confidence to engage in conducting and implementing research. This statement describes the importance of NAPs' involvement in clinical research within the context of cardiovascular care. The existing gaps, barriers and enablers to NAPs involvement in research as a potential response to workforce issues in these professions as well as to contribute to excellence in patient care delivery and associated outcomes are identified.