Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Selective JAK Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease: A Retrospective, Multicentre Study.

: Data on the real-world effectiveness and safety of selective JAK inhibitors (JAKis) in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are limited. : We conducted a multicentre, retrospective study to assess clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic outcomes of selective JAKis in bio-experienced UC and CD. : A total of 246 patients (mean age: 40.

Developing a Computational Phenotype of the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for Inpatients.

: The fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (MI) introduced the differentiation of acute myocardial injury from MI. In this study, we developed a computational phenotype for distinct identification of acute myocardial injury and MI within electronic medical records (EMRs). : Two cohorts were used from a Calgary-wide EMR system: a chart review of 3042 randomly selected inpatients from Dec 2014 to Jun 2015; and 11,685 episodes of care that included cardiac catheterization from Jan 2013 to Apr 2017.

Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients with Proximal Junctional Kyphosis or Failure Initially Fused to Upper Versus Lower Thoracic Spine.

Patients with proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) or failure (PJF) may demonstrate disparate outcomes and recovery when fused to the upper (UT) versus lower (LT) thoracic spine. Few studies have distinguished the reoperation and recovery abilities of patients with PJK or PJF when fused to the upper (UT) versus lower (LT) thoracic spine. Adult spine deformity patients ≥ 18 yrs with preoperative and 5-year (5Y) data fused to the sacrum/pelvis were included.

Risk of Surgical Site Infection in Posterior Spine Surgery Using Different Closing Techniques: A Retrospective Study of Two Neurosurgical Centers.

To determine whether a closed dressing protocol reduces the surgical site infections (SSI) rate compared to conventional closing techniques. Patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery at two neurosurgical centers were retrospectively included from June 2015 to December 2019. Data on patients, general risk factors, and surgical risk factors for SSI were collected.

Gastric Adenocarcinomas with CDX2 Induction Show Higher Frequency of and Mutations and Amplifications but Similar Survival Compared with Cancers with No CDX2 Induction.

: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers. Mortality is high, and improved treatments are needed. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and discovery of biomarkers for targeted therapies are paramount for therapeutic progress.

Nociplastic Pain in Endometriosis: A Scoping Review.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory chronic condition associated with nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain. Central sensitization (CS) is the primary nociplastic pain mechanism. However, there are currently no standardized methods for detecting CS or nociplastic pain.

Correction: Slimani et al. Effects of Acute Long-Versus Short-Interval High-Intensity Interval Training on Attention and Psychological States in a Sample of Male and Female Adolescents: A Pilot Study. 2023, , 1846.

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Groundwater-Driven Evolution of Prebiotic Alkaline Lake Environments.

Alkaline lakes are thought to have facilitated prebiotic synthesis reactions on the early Earth because their modern analogs accumulate vital chemical feedstocks such as phosphate through the evaporation of dilute groundwaters. Yet, the conditions required for some building block synthesis reactions are distinct from others, and these conditions are generally incompatible with those permissible for nascent cellular function. However, because current scenarios for prebiotic synthesis have not taken account of the physical processes that drive the chemical evolution of alkaline lakes, the potential for the co-occurrence of both prebiotic synthesis and the origins and early evolution of life in prebiotic alkaline lake environments remains poorly constrained.

Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration: New Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics: Obstacles and Potential Breakthrough Technologies.

Pain and disability secondary to degenerative disc disease continue to burden the healthcare system, creating an urgent need for effective, disease-modifying therapies. Contemporary research has identified potential therapies that include protein-, cellular- and/or matrix-related approaches; however, none have yet achieved a meaningful clinical impact. The tissue-specific realities of the intervertebral disc create considerable therapeutic challenges due to the disc's location, compartmentalization, hypovascularization and delicate physiological environment.

MicroRNA, Myostatin, and Metabolic Rate Depression: Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Resistance in Hibernating .

Little brown bats () cluster in hibernacula sites over winter, in which they use metabolic rate depression (MRD) to facilitate entrance and exit of hibernation. This study used small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses to identify differentially regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and to predict their downstream effects on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) terms in the skeletal muscle of torpid as compared to euthermic controls. We observed a subset of ten miRNAs whose expression changed during hibernation, with predicted functional roles linked to cell cycle processes, downregulation of protein degradation via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, downregulation of signaling pathways, including MAPK, p53, mTOR, and TGFβ, and downregulation of cytoskeletal and vesicle trafficking terms.

ALDH Breast Cancer Stem Cells Exhibit a Mesenchymal-Senescent Hybrid Phenotype, with Elevated Metabolic and Migratory Activities.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for 0.01 to 2% of the total tumor mass; however, they play a key role in tumor progression, metastasis and resistance to current cancer therapies. The generation and maintenance of CSCs are usually linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a dynamic process involved in reprogramming cancer cells towards a more aggressive and motile phenotype with increased stemness potential.

Common Bed Bugs: Non-Viable Hosts for Parasites.

The hemoflagellate parasite is transmitted by triatomine kissing bugs and may co-infect humans together with its Chagas disease-causing congener . Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and antimicrobial assays, we studied () the temporal and spatial distribution of in common bed bugs, , following oral ingestion and hemocoelic injection of and () the immune responses of bed bugs induced by infections. Irrespective of infection mode, no live were present in the bed bugs' hemolymph, salivary glands, or feces.

Sex and Age Differences in Glucocorticoid Signaling After an Aversive Experience in Mice.

Background: glucocorticoids may play an important role in the formation of fear memory, which is relevant to the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In our previous study, we showed the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) forms a protein complex with FKBP51, which prevents translocation of GR into the nucleus to affect gene expression; this complex is elevated in PTSD patients and by fear-conditioned learning in mice, and disrupting this complex blocks the storage and retrieval of fear-conditioned memories. The timing of release of glucocorticoid relative to the formation of a traumatic memory could be important in this process, and remains poorly understood.

Clean Self-Supervised MRI Reconstruction from Noisy, Sub-Sampled Training Data with Robust SSDU.

Most existing methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction with deep learning use fully supervised training, which assumes that a fully sampled dataset with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is available for training. In many circumstances, however, such a dataset is highly impractical or even technically infeasible to acquire. Recently, a number of self-supervised methods for MRI reconstruction have been proposed, which use sub-sampled data only.

Swiss Consensus on Prenatal and Early Postnatal Urinary Tract Dilation: Practical Approach and When to Refer.

Urinary tract dilations (UTDs) are the most frequent prenatal renal anomaly. The spectrum of etiologies causing UTD ranges from mild spontaneously resolving obstruction to severe upper and lower urinary tract obstruction or reflux. The early recognition and management of these anomalies allows for improved renal endowment prenatally and ultimately better outcome for the child.

Kindness Is the Language That the Deaf Can Hear and the Blind Can See: Kindness, Theory of Mind and Well-Being in Adolescents.

Background/objectives: This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study explored adolescent understandings of kindness, and interconnections amongst Theory of Mind (ToM; ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others), kindness, compassion, and social-psychological well-being components in 318 participants aged 10-18 (Mage = 14.58, = 2.31).

Comparing Management Strategies for Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score of 4 (TLICS = 4) in the Pediatric Population: A Single-Institutional Experience.

Background: Thoracolumbar (TL) fractures are uncommon injuries in the pediatric population. Surgery is recommended for TL fractures with significant deformity, posterior ligamentous complex disruption, or neurological compromise. The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Scale (TLICS) has been validated in pediatric populations and serves as a valuable tool for guiding treatment decisions.

Neurocognitive Profile and Associated Factors Among Children Affected by Sickle Cell Disease in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/objectives: Understanding the neurocognitive profile of children with sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo is essential, as this condition can significantly affect their development. Our study aims to assess these children's neurocognitive and developmental profiles and identify related factors.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 287 children, aged 0 to 68 months, using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Gensini Gavito Scale.

Prediction of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants: Comparing Machine Learning Methods to Logistic Regression.

Purpose: Is machine learning (ML) superior to the traditionally used logistic regression (LR) in prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants?

Objectives: To develop and internally validate a ML model to predict neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in very preterm infants (<31 weeks) at 36 months corrected age, using clinical predictors.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of very preterm infants (2330 weeks) born between January 2004 and December 2016 in Nova Scotia, Canada. Survivors with neurodevelopmental assessment at 36 months corrected age were included.

Effect of Skin-to-Skin Care on the Day of Birth on Skin Colonization in Preterm Infants: A Pre- and Post-Implementation Study.

Background/objectives: Maternal skin-to-skin contact (MSSC) in neonates has been shown to reduce nosocomial infections. In preterm infants, exposure to maternal skin commensals within the first 24 h may prevent colonization by hospital-acquired pathogens. However, the impact of early MSSC on skin colonization in preterm infants is unknown.

The Relationship Between Manual Dexterity and Toothbrushing Efficiency in Preschool Children: A Crossover Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral hygiene (OH) efficiency and manual dexterity skills in Spanish five-year-old children using two fine motor tests.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a pre-post evaluation was designed. The children's OH was measured according to the Silness and Löe plaque index (PI) before toothbrushing upon arrival at school (pre) and after supervised toothbrushing (post).

Integrating Chronic Disease Management and Harm Reduction for Youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Amid Canada's Overdose Crisis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune condition in children that often requires long-term pain management, which can include opioid use. In the context of Canada's ongoing overdose crisis, youth with JIA face risks due to potential opioid dependency and exposure to toxic drug supplies. This commentary proposes an integrated approach combining chronic disease management with harm reduction strategies specifically tailored for JIA patients.

Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Using Circulating Immunomodulatory Proteins.

The leading cause of death for people with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including heart attacks and strokes. However, research into biomarkers that could help predict MACE in patients with PAD has been limited. Immunomodulatory proteins are known to significantly influence systemic atherosclerosis, suggesting they could be useful prognostic indicators for MACE in patients with PAD.

Expanding the Molecular Genetic Landscape of Dystrophinopathies and Associated Phenotypes.

: X-linked dystrophinopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases caused by pathogenic variants in the gene (MIM *300377). Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD; MIM #310200) is the most common inherited muscular dystrophy. : We screened datasets of 403 male, genetically confirmed X-linked dystrophinopathy patients and identified 13 pathogenic variants of the gene that have not been described in the literature thus far.

Age-Related Choroidal Involution Is Associated with the Senescence of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Choroid.

Choroidal involution is a common feature of age-related ischemic retinopathies such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is now well recognized that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are essential to endothelial repair processes and in maintaining vascular integrity. However, the contribution of EPCs and the role of senescence in age-related choroidal vascular degeneration remain to be investigated.