An ML-Enhanced Laser-Based Methane Slip Sensor Using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy.

Natural gas (NG) is a promising alternative to diesel for sustainable transport, potentially reducing GHG and air quality emissions significantly. However, the GHG benefits hinge on managing methane slip, the unburned methane in the exhaust of NG engines, which carries a significant global warming potential. The CH slip from NG engines is highly dependent on engine type and operation, and effective greenhouse gas emission mitigation requires that the actual operation of real-world engines is monitored.

Community Views of Determinants of Men's Wellbeing in Guatemala: A Study Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping.

Background: In post-conflict Guatemala, Indigenous men's psychological distress has been linked to violence exposure, disrupted social support systems, and structural inequities.

Purpose: We aimed to document how communities themselves understand men's wellbeing and the factors that influence men's wellbeing.

Research Design And Study Sample: Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping with 20 stakeholder groups in Santiago Atitlán and Cuilco, Guatemala defined men's wellbeing in local terms and identified the influences community groups understood to promote and detract from men's wellbeing.

Penalized G-estimation for effect modifier selection in a structural nested mean model for repeated outcomes.

Effect modification occurs when the impact of the treatment on an outcome varies based on the levels of other covariates known as effect modifiers. Modeling these effect differences is important for etiological goals and for purposes of optimizing treatment. Structural nested mean models (SNMMs) are useful causal models for estimating the potentially heterogeneous effect of a time-varying exposure on the mean of an outcome in the presence of time-varying confounding.

Solid-State Nanopore Real-Time Assay for Monitoring Cas9 Endonuclease Reactivity.

The field of nanopore sensing is now moving beyond nucleic acid sequencing. An exciting avenue is the use of nanopore platforms for the monitoring of biochemical reactions. Biological nanopores have been used for this application, but solid-state nanopore approaches have lagged.

Longitudinal increase in physical activity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes following the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) provides protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. However, recommending moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) to patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) raises concerns owing to potential risk of recurrent ACS or fatal arrhythmias. This study investigated the association between longitudinal PA changes following an ACS diagnosis and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes, including non-fatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing 3 Aortic Valve Interventions: The THIRD Multicenter Registry.

Background: Lifetime treatment of aortic valve disease is a matter of increasing debate. Although the risks of a second aortic valve intervention are recognized, little attention has been given to the challenges of a third.

Objectives: This study delves into the clinical characteristics, indications, and outcomes of patients undergoing 3 aortic valve interventions.

Initial Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate With Finerenone in HFmrEF/HFpEF: A Prespecified Analysis of FINEARTS-HF.

Background: An initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) often leads to reluctance to continue life-saving therapies in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe the association between initial decline in eGFR and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients randomized to placebo or finerenone.

Methods: In this prespecified analysis of FINEARTS-HF (Finerenone Trial to Investigate Efficacy and Safety Superior to Placebo in Patients with Heart Failure), we examined the association between initial decline in eGFR (≥15%) from randomization to 1 month and subsequent outcomes in patients assigned to finerenone or placebo.

Can large language models fully automate or partially assist paper selection in systematic reviews?

Background/aims: Large language models (LLMs) have substantial potential to enhance the efficiency of academic research. The accuracy and performance of LLMs in a systematic review, a core part of evidence building, has yet to be studied in detail.

Methods: We introduced two LLM-based approaches of systematic review: an LLM-enabled fully automated approach (LLM-FA) utilising three different GPT-4 plugins (Consensus GPT, Scholar GPT and GPT web browsing modes) and an LLM-facilitated semi-automated approach (LLM-SA) using GPT4's Application Programming Interface (API).

Effect of Characteristic Inflammatory and Structural Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions on Expert Assessment of Axial Juvenile Spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on axial disease assessment in juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with JSpA with suspected axial disease. Three experts reviewed each case and rated their confidence (-3 to +3) in the presence of axial disease, first with clinical data and second with clinical and MRI data.

Potentially Avoidable Emergency Department Utilization by Persons with Psoriatic Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Greater accessibility to ambulatory services may mitigate emergency department (ED) presentations for lower acuity issues. This study examined ED utilization patterns for individuals with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a universal access healthcare setting.

Methods: Linked population-based administrative datasets in Alberta, Canada (fiscal years 2008-2017) were assessed for yearly ED visit frequency, timing, triage acuity, most responsible diagnoses, and disposition for persons with PsA and AS.

Characterizing Difficulties and Management of Sleep Disturbances in a Tertiary Palliative Care Unit-A Retrospective Review.

Difficulty sleeping is common in palliative care, however often unrecognized by palliative care physicians. This retrospective review aims to gain a better understanding of the causes and treatment of sleeping disturbances in a tertiary palliative care unit. This study included 200 palliative care inpatients admitted between January 1, 2015, and August 31, 2020.

Special Issue on Anti-Racism, Health, and Nursing.

Although race is socially constructed, racism and racialization are social determinants of health. Over four centuries of colonial genocide and structural violence against Indigenous and Black peoples in Canada have resulted in intergeneration traumas and health disparities among Indigenous and Black people, sustained by ongoing social, political, and economic inequities. Evidence indicates the impact of contemporary and historical forms of racism on health outcomes.

Does Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Reduce Blood Loss at the Time of Total Colpocleisis? A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss and blood transfusion among women undergoing total colpocleisis.

Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Tertiary academic urogynecology practice.

Hospital Level of Service, Rural-Urban Location, and Neonatal Resuscitation Interventions: A Population Study in Alberta Canada from 2000-2020.

Background And Objectives: Advanced neonatal resuscitation interventions (ANRIs) are rarely performed for late preterm and term infants. However, healthcare providers in community hospitals may need to perform ANRIs, while having limited experience and resources. Understanding practice differences between hospitals of different levels of service (LoS) and rural/urban location may inform quality improvement.

Early environmental influences on the orbito-frontal cortex function and its effects on behavior.

Early-life adversity during pre- and early post-natal phases can impact brain development and lead to maladaptive changes in executive behaviors. This increases the risk for a range of psychopathologies and physical diseases. Importantly, exposure to adversities during these periods is also linked to alterations in the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) which is a key player in these executive functions.

Pediatric Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Overview.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurring inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients.[1] HS is more common in adults and adolescents, although true incidence rates may be underestimated due to a lack of earlier recognition of HS in children.[2] Pediatric HS is a challenging clinical entity to diagnose and manage.

Predictors and Outcomes of Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.

Context: Extubation failure (EF) is common in preterm neonates and may be associated with adverse outcomes.

Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing literature on predictors and outcomes of EF in preterm neonates.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) from 1995 onward.

The prebiotic landscape: history, health and physiological benefits, and regulatory challenges - an IPA perspective part 1.

Prebiotics are becoming increasingly recognized by consumers, health care professionals and regulators as important contributors to health. Nonetheless, the development, progress, and adoption of prebiotics is hindered by loose terminology, various misconceptions about sources and types of compounds that may be classified as prebiotics, and the lack of consensus on a definition that satisfies regulators. Evolving knowledge of the microbiome and its effects on host health has generated opportunities for modulation of the microbiota that can support host health.

Ongoing chromothripsis underpins osteosarcoma genome complexity and clonal evolution.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary cancer of the bone, with a peak incidence in children and young adults. Using multi-region whole-genome sequencing, we find that chromothripsis is an ongoing mutational process, occurring subclonally in 74% of osteosarcomas. Chromothripsis generates highly unstable derivative chromosomes, the ongoing evolution of which drives the acquisition of oncogenic mutations, clonal diversification, and intra-tumor heterogeneity across diverse sarcomas and carcinomas.

Development of a short and an ultra-brief version of the Saving Inventory-revised (SI-R) for assessing hoarding severity: The SI-R9 and the SI-R3.

Hoarding Disorder (HD) is marked by the inability to discard possessions, and often excessive acquiring, which results in cluttered living spaces that substantially disrupt daily life. While the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R) serves as a reliable and valid tool for assessing hoarding severity, its length may preclude routine use. We aimed to develop a valid shorter version of the scale using Item Response Theory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in a non-selected sample of 2890 individuals and a clinical HD sample of 200 participants, which were divided into test and confirmatory samples in a 2:1 ratio.

Nanoplastic-induced antibody liquid-liquid phase separation: Insights into potential immunotoxic implications.

The increasing environmental prevalence of micro/nano plastics (MNPs) has raised significant concerns regarding their potential impact on human health, particularly in terms of immunotoxicity. However, the direct effects of MNPs on immune molecules, especially how they may influence protein liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-a critical process implicated in various aspects of immune function-remain largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) with different surface modifications and sizes on LLPS in immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, critical components of the avian immune system.

HistoColAi: An open-source web platform for collaborative digital histology image annotation with AI-driven predictive integration.

Digital pathology is now a standard component of the pathology workflow, offering numerous benefits such as high-detail whole slide images and the capability for immediate case sharing between hospitals. Recent advances in deep learning-based methods for image analysis make them a potential aid in digital pathology. However, A significant challenge in developing computer-aided diagnostic systems for pathology is the lack of intuitive, open-source web applications for data annotation.