Leishmania mexicana N-Acetyltransferease 10 Is Important for Polysome Formation and Cell Cycle Progression.

Leishmania presents a complex life cycle that involves both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. By regulating gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolism, the parasite can adapt to various environmental conditions. This regulation occurs mainly at the post-transcriptional level and may involve epitranscriptomic modifications of RNAs.

3D CT to 2D X-ray image registration for improved visualization of tibial vessels in endovascular procedures.

Purpose: During endovascular revascularization interventions for peripheral arterial disease, the standard modality of X-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) used for image guidance is limited in visualizing distal segments of infrapopliteal vessels. To enhance visualization of arteries, an image registration technique was developed to align pre-acquired computed tomography (CT) angiography images and to create fusion images highlighting arteries of interest.

Methods: X-ray image metadata capturing the position of the X-ray gantry initializes a multiscale iterative optimization process, which uses a local-variance masked normalized cross-correlation loss to rigidly align a digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) of the CT dataset with the target X-ray, using the edges of the fibula and tibia as the basis for alignment.

Mapping the neural substrate of high dual-task gait cost in older adults across the cognitive spectrum.

The dual task cost of gait (DTC) is an accessible and cost-effective test that can help identify individuals with cognitive decline and dementia. However, its neural substrate has not been widely described. This study aims to investigate the neural substrate of the high DTC in older adults across the spectrum of cognitive decline.

From "Airway scares me" to "I would say I'm pretty comfortable": quality improvement for reducing time to obtain equipment for adult advanced airway management in a rural emergency department.

Background: Management of the adult airway is one of the most stressful and time-critical procedures in emergency medicine. In the Cowichan District Hospital, a rural hospital in British Columbia, Emergency Department (ED) staff were uncomfortable with acquiring the equipment needed for adult advanced airway management and the mean length of time to acquire the equipment was 319 s. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to decrease the time to obtain the equipment needed for adult advanced airway management by nurses and physicians in the Cowichan District Hospital ED to less than 90 s by May 2023.

Emergency department ophthalmoscopy: physician confidence and clinical practices.

Objectives: Fundoscopy is crucial in the emergency department to identify or rule out serious ocular and neurological conditions. Despite its clinical importance, fundoscopy is often omitted due to the technical challenges associated with traditional direct ophthalmoscopy, particularly for non-ophthalmologists. This study examines emergency physicians' practices, confidence levels, and training related to various modalities of fundoscopy including traditional direct ophthalmoscopes, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes, panoptic ophthalmoscopes, slit lamp fundoscopy and fundus cameras; and explores the potential role of alternative modalities, such as fundus cameras, in Canadian emergency departments.

Adaptable electro-optic detection of THz radiation using a laser-written bull's-eye antenna.

We report a nonlinear terahertz (THz) detection device based on a metallic bull's-eye plasmonic antenna. The antenna, fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing and deposited on a nonlinear gallium phosphide (GaP) crystal, focuses incoming THz waveforms within the sub-wavelength bull's eye region to locally enhance the THz field. Additionally, the plasmonic structure minimizes diffraction effects allowing a relatively long interaction length between the transmitted THz field and the co-propagating near-infrared gating pulse used in an electro-optic sampling configuration.

Segmentation aware probabilistic phenotyping of single-cell spatial protein expression data.

Spatial protein expression technologies can map cellular content and organization by simultaneously quantifying the expression of >40 proteins at subcellular resolution within intact tissue sections and cell lines. However, necessary image segmentation to single cells is challenging and error prone, easily confounding the interpretation of cellular phenotypes and cell clusters. To address these limitations, we present STARLING, a probabilistic machine learning model designed to quantify cell populations from spatial protein expression data while accounting for segmentation errors.

Therapeutic reduction of neurocan in murine intracerebral hemorrhage lesions promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes prominent deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, particularly the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) member neurocan. In tissue culture, neurocan impedes the properties of oligodendrocytes. Whether therapeutic reduction of neurocan promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery in ICH is unknown.

Machine learning models predicting risk of revision or secondary knee injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrate variable discriminatory and accuracy performance: a systematic review.

Background: To summarize the statistical performance of machine learning in predicting revision, secondary knee injury, or reoperations following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to provide a general overview of the statistical performance of these models.

Methods: Three online databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched from database inception to February 6, 2024, to identify literature on the use of machine learning to predict revision, secondary knee injury (e.g.

Study protocol for a Prospective Observational study of Safety Threats and Adverse events in Trauma (PrO-STAT): a pilot study at a level-1 trauma centre in Canada.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries are a significant public health concern globally, resulting in substantial mortality, hospitalisation and healthcare burden. Despite the establishment of specialised trauma centres, there remains considerable variability in trauma-care practices and outcomes, particularly in the initial phase of trauma resuscitation in the trauma bay. This stage is prone to preventable errors leading to adverse events (AEs) that can impact patient outcomes.

Factors influencing communication issues during hospital discharge for older adults in 11 high-income countries: a secondary analysis of the 2021 International Health Policy Survey.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hospital discharge communication problems with older adults, compare them across countries and determine factors associated with those problems.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Setting: 2021 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) Survey of Older Adults conducted across 11 high-income countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA.

Inducers and modulators of protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease - Critical tools for understanding the foundations of aggregate structures.

Amyloidogenic protein aggregation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). As such, this critical feature of the disease has been instrumental in guiding research on the mechanistic basis of disease, diagnostic biomarkers and preventative and therapeutic treatments. Here we review identified molecular triggers and modulators of aggregation for two of the proteins associated with AD: amyloid beta and tau.

Prognostic Value of Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Recently, the Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0) was proposed to better evaluate treatment response in prostate cancer patients using PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) than more traditional approaches like metabolic PET evaluation response criteria in solid tumor (PERCIST 1.0).

Textbook outcome in liver surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: defining predictors of an optimal postoperative course using machine learning.

Background: We sought to define textbook outcome in liver surgery (TOLS) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) by considering the implications of perioperative outcomes on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using a multi-institutional database, TOLS for ICC was defined by employing novel machine learning (ML) models to identify perioperative factors most strongly predictive of OS ≥ 12 months. Subsequently, clinicopathologic factors associated with achieving TOLS were investigated.

Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in virus-host interactions and its implication for immunotherapy.

Viruses have evolved to strategically exploit cellular signaling pathways to evade host immune defenses. GM-CSF signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating inflammation, activating myeloid cells, and enhancing the immune response to infections. Due to its central role in the immune system, viruses may target this pathway to further establish infection.

Reliability and reproducibility of systematic reviews informing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a pilot study.

Background: Although high-quality nutrition systematic reviews (SRs) are important for clinical decision making, there remains debate on their methodological quality and reporting transparency.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of a sample of SRs produced by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team to inform the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs).

Methods: We evaluated a sample of 8 SRs from the DGA dietary patterns subcommittee for methodological quality using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool and for reporting transparency using the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA literature search extension (PRISMA-S) checklists.

Overall and late mortality among 24 459 survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in Alberta, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at an increased risk of premature mortality due to their cancer and its treatment. Herein, we aimed to quantify the excess risks of mortality among AYA cancer survivors and identify target populations for intervention.

Methods: The Alberta AYA Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective, population-based cohort of individuals diagnosed with a first primary neoplasm at age 15-39 years in Alberta, Canada, between 1983 and 2017.

Morphological characterization of retinal development from birth to adulthood via retinal thickness assessment in mice: a systematic review.

The morphology and thickness of the retinal layers are valuable biomarkers for retinal health and development. The retinal layers in mice are similar to those in humans; thus, a mouse is appropriate for studying the retina. The objectives of this systematic review were: (1) to describe normal retinal morphology quantitatively using retinal layer thickness measured from birth to age 6 months in healthy mice; and (2) to describe morphological changes in physiological retinal development over time using the longitudinal (in vivo) and cross-sectional (ex vivo) data from the included studies.

3-year Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin versus Strabismus Surgery for the Treatment of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia in Children.

Introduction: Botulinum toxin is an alternative to conventional strabismus surgery for treatment for acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (AACE). Previous studies suggest that the two treatment approaches may be equally effective for 6 months. The purpose of our study was to determine whether botulinum toxin remains as effective as strabismus surgery for 36 months after treatment.