Use of AI in Cardiac CT and MRI: A Scientific Statement from the ESCR, EuSoMII, NASCI, SCCT, SCMR, SIIM, and RSNA.

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for many steps of the cardiac imaging workflow, from patient and test selection through image acquisition, reconstruction, and interpretation, extending to prognostication and reporting. Despite the development of many cardiac imaging AI algorithms, AI tools are at various stages of development and face challenges for clinical implementation. This scientific statement, endorsed by several societies in the field, provides an overview of the current landscape and challenges of AI applications in cardiac CT and MRI.

Catalyst-Controlled, Site-Selective Functionalization of Levoglucosan Analogues Mediated by Chiral Zinc Diamine Complexes.

In this work, we developed a site-selective functionalization of levoglucosan analogues. This strategy used simple zinc diamine complexes for regioselective functionalization at O2 or O4. Successful transformations of monotosyl analogues allowed the preparation of useful intermediates in carbohydrate chemistry, such as four protected Černý epoxides and three protected amino sugars.

Machine learning reveals the dynamic importance of accessory sequences for outbreak clustering.

Unlabelled: Bacterial typing at whole-genome scales is now feasible owing to decreasing costs in high-throughput sequencing and the recent advances in computation. The unprecedented resolution of whole-genome typing is achieved by genotyping the variable segments of bacterial genomes that can fluctuate significantly in gene content. However, due to the transient and hypervariable nature of many accessory elements, the value of the added resolution in outbreak investigations remains disputed.

Maternal sucrose consumption alters steroid levels in the mother, placenta, and fetus.

Maternal diet has long-term effects on offspring brain development and behavior. Sucrose (table sugar) intakes are high in modern diets, but it is not clear how a maternal high-sucrose diet (HSD) affects the offspring. In rats, a maternal HSD (26% of calories from sucrose, which is human-relevant) alters maternal metabolism and brain and also alters adult offspring endocrinology and behavior in a sex-specific manner.

Near-universal prevalence of central adiposity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PARAGON-HF trial.

Background And Aims: An expansion of fat mass is an integral feature of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While body mass index (BMI) is the most common anthropometric measure, a measure of central adiposity-the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)-focuses on body fat content and distribution; is not distorted by bone or muscle mass, sex, or ethnicity; and may be particularly relevant in HFpEF.

Methods: The PARAGON-HF trial randomized 4796 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction ≥45% to valsartan or sacubitril/valsartan.

Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Distal Medium Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Ischemic Stroke Patients on Low-Dose Aspirin.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) presents unique treatment challenges. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is emerging as a viable option for these patients, yet the role of pre-stroke aspirin treatment is unclear. This study evaluates the impact of pre-stroke low-dose aspirin on outcomes in DMVO patients undergoing MT.

"Tension Chyle Leak": A Life-Threatening Sequela of Thoracic Duct Injury Following Resection of BRAF-Mutated Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Airway obstruction secondary to chyle leak is an exceptionally rare phenomenon. Here, we describe this complication in a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) undergoing consolidative surgery after BRAF-targeted therapy.

Methods: A 55-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.

Vaccinating Adolescents With Intellectual and Developmental Disability at School: An Opportunity to Promote Supported Decision Making.

Internationally, vaccination rates among adolescents with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) are lower than those of the general population. Little research has addressed this issue. This study investigates the experiences of vaccinating adolescents with IDD in special education settings in Australia, with a focus on student engagement.

Experiences of violence and hospitalization rates among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.

People living with HIV (PLWH) in Canada experience high rates of interpersonal violence which may lead to adverse health outcomes that require hospitalization. Using self-reported data on experiences of violence linked to administrative health data on hospitalizations, we used Poisson regression modelling to examine and compare the associations between experiences of violence (recent [in the past 6 months], non-recent [>6 months ago], or none) and hospitalization rates, among a sample of PLWH in British Columbia, Canada. Of 984 PLWH included in this study, 60.

The talk and walk in Black families: Exploring racial socialization content and competency in the context of parental worries about racial profiling and adolescents' internalizing outcomes.

Although many parents worry that their child will be the target of racial profiling, there is a dearth of literature on how parental worries about children facing racism are linked to racial socialization (RS) practices and youth internalizing symptoms. Additionally, it is unclear how RS content relative to competency may uniquely influence whether and how parental worries influence youth internalizing outcomes. Using data from 203 Black parents (M = 44.

Online and Unkind: Examining the Personality Correlates of Online Political Incivility.

Many forms of online political incivility threaten democratic norms, contribute to polarization, and are often directed at women and racial minorities. Recent research shows that online political incivility may come from a minority of users that are just as hostile offline as they are online, meaning that individual differences in personality traits may be an important predictor of online political incivility. Drawing upon a large sample of adults living in Canada = 1725), we examined the association between personality traits and online political incivility using robust measures of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and the general traits of the HEXACO.

Weight gain secondary to the use of oral Janus kinase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are increasingly used in dermatology, rheumatology, gastroenterology, and hematology. While effective, they can cause adverse effects such as acne, nausea, cytopenia, dyslipidemia, and Herpes zoster. Recent reports have linked JAKi usage to weight changes, particularly weight gain, which can significantly impact patients' quality of life.

Impact of expressive intentions on upper-body kinematics in two expert pianists.

Introduction: Expression is a key aspect of music performance. Studies on pianists' gestures and expression have mainly documented the impact of their expressive intentions on proximal segments and head linear kinematics. It remains unclear how pianists' expressive intentions influence joint angular kinematics as well as exposure to risk factors of injury, such as poor overall posture and distal jerky movements, two kinematic factors linked to injury.

Cloning a Chloroplast Genome in and .

Chloroplast genomes present an alternative strategy for large-scale engineering of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Prior to our work, the chloroplast genomes of (204 kb) and (140 kb) had been cloned using bacterial and yeast artificial chromosome (BAC/YAC) libraries, respectively. These methods lack design flexibility as they are reliant upon the random capture of genomic fragments during BAC/YAC library creation; additionally, both demonstrated a low efficiency (≤ 10%) for correct assembly of the genome in yeast.

A Comprehensive Review of Psychosocial, Academic, and Psychological Issues Faced by University Students in India.

Background: University students confront a wide range of issues during their pursuit of education. Understanding these issues is essential for developing effective treatments and support systems.

Purpose: This study aims to delineate the landscape of scholarly literature pertaining to psychosocial, academic, and psychological issues among university students.

Effectiveness of Anti-Inflammatory Agents to Prevent Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) as one of the most significant complications of cardiovascular surgeries remains a major clinical challenge. We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, to identify the most effective and safe anti-inflammatory drugs to prevent new-onset POAF.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched without language or publication-date restriction on August 8, 2022 (updated on August 8, 2023).

Management of Patients with Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is associated with an increased incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality. Little is known about how these patients are managed.

Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective chart review of patients referred to a postoperative clinic with the diagnosis of MINS.

Natural Causes of Sports- and Recreation-Related Deaths in the General Population: A 14-Year Review in Québec, Canada.

Background: This study analyzed trends in the frequencies and rates of natural deaths associated with sport and recreation activities in Québec, Canada, from January 2006 to December 2019, and investigated their etiology and characteristics.

Methods: This descriptive retrospective study utilized data from coroner reports, as well as autopsy and police reports. Activity-specific incidence rates were calculated using participation data from the (ÉBARS) and Canadian census population data.