Statistical principles in neurointervention part 2. Multivariable analysis: generalized linear models, modification, confounding, and mediation.

This two part series on statistical principles in neurointervention offers a comprehensive foundation for neurointerventionalists to engage with both fundamental and advanced statistical principles. This series aims to equip neurointerventionalists with essential statistical knowledge for critically reviewing literature and conducting methodologically sound research. Part one of this series covered fundamental concepts such as frequentism, study types, data types, summarization, visualization, hypothesis testing, and univariable analysis.

Statistical principles in neurointervention part 1: basic principles, descriptive statistics and univariable analysis.

Neurointervention has seen significant advancements in recent decades with the adoption of myriad new technologies and techniques. Initially reliant on case reports and small case series, we now benefit from multicenter studies and randomized trials that can provide robust practice-changing evidencea and often employ sophisticated statistical methods. This two-part series on statistical principles in neurointervention aims to equip neurointerventionalists with essential statistical knowledge for critically reviewing literature and conducting methodologically sound research.

Rurality predisposes departure from gold-standard care, leading to delayed or accelerated access to surgery: insights from a scoping review.

Background: Because tertiary centres are generally situated at urban sites, it is unclear whether patients in rural areas have the same access to surgical services that patients in urban areas do. We sought to map the North American evidence landscape of how rurality affects access to medically indicated surgeries and identify system-, patient-, and provider-level barriers that preclude urban-comparable care.

Methods: We carried out a systematic search adhering to PRISMA for Scoping Reviews methodology across PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, encompassing literature from the last 26 years (January 2023).

Bona fide diminished ovarian reserve or profound ovarian suppression by long-term oral contraceptive use?

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are widely used by reproductive-aged women. Current data suggest that long-term use of COCs can suppress ovarian reserve markers, including anti-mullerian hormone and antral follicle count, which may negatively impact ovarian response and oocyte yield in patients undergoing planned oocyte cryopreservation to preserve future reproductive potential. Discontinuation of COCs can improve ovarian stimulation outcomes, though the ideal duration of cessation is unknown.

Gender-affirming care education in pharmacy: a scoping review protocol of practices in Canada and the USA.

Introduction: Gender-affirming care refers to a range of social, psychological, medical and/or surgical interventions provided to affirm one's gender. Pharmacists play a key role in gender-affirming care and are involved with choosing optimal treatments, monitoring progress/side-effects and providing education. However, it is currently unknown what gender-affirming care education is provided to pharmacy students and pharmacists according to information available in published literature.

Preferred labels and language to improve communication about lesions at low risk of progressing to cancer: qualitative interviews with patients and physicians.

Objectives: We explored how to improve communication about low-risk lesions including labels, language and other strategies.

Design: Qualitative description and thematic analysis to examine the transcripts of telephone interviews with patients who had low-risk lesions and physicians; and mapping to Communication Accommodation Theory to interpret themes.

Setting: Canada PARTICIPANTS: 15 patients: 6 (40%) bladder, 5 (33%) prostate and 4 (27%) cervix lesions; and 13 physicians: 7 (54%) cervix, 3 (23%) bladder and 3 (23%) prostate lesions.

IMPACT-ICU feasibility study: pragmatic mixed-methods randomised controlled trial of a follow-up care intervention for survivors of critical illness and caregivers.

Introduction: Survivors of critical illness and their caregivers are at risk for long-term cognitive, physical and psychiatric impairments known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and PICS-family, respectively. This study will assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up care bundle versus standard-of-care for ICU patients and their caregivers.

Methods And Analysis: This is a single-centre feasibility study.

Behind the scenes of EQA - characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA).

External quality assessment (EQA) cycles are the smallest complete units within EQA programs that laboratories can use to obtain external assessments of their performance. In each cycle, several samples are distributed to the laboratories registered for participation, and ideally, EQA programs not only cover the examination procedures but also the pre- and post-examination procedures. The properties and concentration range of measurands in individual samples are selected with regard to the intended challenge for the participants so that each sample fulfils its purpose.

Behind the scenes of EQA - characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA).

External quality assessment (EQA) enhances patient safety through the evaluation of the quality of laboratory-based and point of care testing. Regulatory agencies and accreditation organizations utilize the results and the laboratory's response to them as part of assessing the laboratory's fitness to practice. In addition, where EQA samples are commutable and the assigned value has been determined using reference measurement procedures (RMPs), EQA data contributes to the verification of metrological traceability of assays as part of the post-market surveillance of diagnostic (IVD) medical devices (IVD-MDs).

The Effectiveness of Video Animations as a Tool to Improve Health Information Recall for Patients: Systematic Review.

Background: Access to clear and comprehensible health information is crucial for patient empowerment, leading to improved self-care, adherence to treatment plans, and overall health outcomes. Traditional methods of information delivery, such as written documents and oral communication, often result in poor memorization and comprehension. Recent innovations, such as animation videos, have shown promise in enhancing patient understanding, but comprehensive investigations into their effectiveness across various health care settings are lacking.

The Role of Machine Learning in the Detection of Cardiac Fibrosis in Electrocardiograms: Scoping Review.

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis impacts the underlying pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases by altering structural integrity and impairing electrical conduction. Identifying cardiac fibrosis is essential for the prognosis and management of cardiovascular disease; however, current diagnostic methods face challenges due to invasiveness, cost, and inaccessibility.

Platform-Based Patient-Clinician Digital Health Interventions for Care Transitions: Scoping Review.

Background: Care transitions are complex and can make patients vulnerable to adverse events. Poor communication among clinicians, patients, and their caregivers is a critical gap during these periods of transition. Technology solutions such as platform-based patient-clinician digital health interventions (DHIs) can provide support and education to patients.

Behind the scenes of EQA - characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA).

Providers of external quality assessment (EQA) programs evaluate data or information obtained and reported by participant laboratories using their routine procedures to examine properties or measurands in samples provided for this purpose. EQA samples must offer participants an equal chance to obtain accurate results, while being designed to provide results in clinically relevant ranges. It is the responsibility of the EQA provider to meet the necessary requirements for homogeneity, stability and some other properties of the EQA items in order to offer participants a fair, reliable and technically interesting EQA experience.

Classification of non-TCGA cancer samples to TCGA molecular subtypes using compact feature sets.

Molecular subtypes, such as defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), delineate a cancer's underlying biology, bringing hope to inform a patient's prognosis and treatment plan. However, most approaches used in the discovery of subtypes are not suitable for assigning subtype labels to new cancer specimens from other studies or clinical trials. Here, we address this barrier by applying five different machine learning approaches to multi-omic data from 8,791 TCGA tumor samples comprising 106 subtypes from 26 different cancer cohorts to build models based upon small numbers of features that can classify new samples into previously defined TCGA molecular subtypes-a step toward molecular subtype application in the clinic.

EEFSEC deficiency: A selenopathy with early-onset neurodegeneration.

Inborn errors of selenoprotein expression arise from deleterious variants in genes encoding selenoproteins or selenoprotein biosynthetic factors, some of which are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that bi-allelic selenocysteine tRNA-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC) variants cause selenoprotein deficiency, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. EEFSEC deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder, manifests with global developmental delay, progressive spasticity, ataxia, and seizures.

Disclosing sample bias fails to fully correct judgments of partisan extremity.

How do we infer the beliefs of an entire group (e.g., Democrats) after being exposed to the beliefs of only a handful of group members? What if we know that the beliefs we encountered were selected in a biased manner? Across two experiments, we recruited 640 U.

Inner Helmholtz layer control through co-solvent strategies for high-performance copper hexacyanoferrate//zinc battery.

Copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) demonstrates high working voltage, convenient synthesis methods, and economic benefits. However, capacity decay of CuHCF//Zn full cells is usually observed in aqueous electrolytes due to the dissolution of Cu and Fe, as indicated by the irreversible insertion of Zn ions and the consequent formation of ZnCuHCF. To address these challenges, a cathode-oriented electrolyte engineering design employing a methyl acetate (MA) co-solvent with zinc triflate (Zn(OTf)) salt electrolyte is implemented.

Exceptional CO and HS adsorption by tuning micro/mesopore ratios with embedded graphene oxide/N-doped carbon quantum dots in MIL-101(Cr): Experimental and computational insights.

Herein, a novel nanocomposite was developed to adjust the textural properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for adsorptive applications. To this end, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (RC) was embedded into MIL-101(Cr) crystals, named RC-ML-x nanocomposites. The prepared nanoadsorbents were thoroughly characterized by different techniques.

Herbal nanoemulsions in cosmetic science: A comprehensive review of design, preparation, formulation, and characterization.

The rapid development of delivery systems for cosmetics has revealed two critical challenges in the field: enhancing the solubility of active ingredients and ensuring the stability of natural materials used in cosmetics. Nanoemulsion technology has emerged as an indispensable solution for addressing these challenges, not only enhancing the stability of cosmetics but also improving the solubility of pharmaceuticals and active ingredients with poor solubility. Nanoemulsion formulations have reinforced stability and amended the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.

Dual-Modality Flow Phantom for Ultrasound and Optical Flow Measurements.

As ultrasound-compatible flow phantoms are devised for performance testing and calibration, there is a practical need to obtain independent flow measurements for validation using a gold-standard technique such as particle image velocimetry (PIV). In this paper, we present the design of a new dual-modality flow phantom that allows ultrasound and PIV measurements to be simultaneously performed. Our phantom's tissue mimicking material is based on a novel hydrogel formula that uses propylene glycol to lower the freezing temperature of an ultrasound-compatible poly(vinyl) alcohol cryogel and, in turn, maintain the solution's optical transparency after thermocycling.

Relaxation-optimized correlation spectroscopy ROCSY for assigning H or C spin systems in large proteins.

Solution NMR studies of large systems are hampered by rapid signal decay. We hereby introduce ROCSY (relaxation-optimized total correlation spectroscopy), which maximizes transfer efficiency across J-coupling-connected spin networks by minimizing the amount of time magnetization spends in the transverse plane. Hard pulses are substituted into the Clean-CITY TOCSY pulse element first developed by Ernst and co-workers, allowing for longer delays in which magnetization is aligned along the z-axis.