Microbial micronutrient sharing, gut redox balance and keystone taxa as a basis for a new perspective to solutions targeting health from the gut.

In health, the gut microbiome functions as a stable ecosystem maintaining overall balance and ensuring its own survival against environmental stressors through complex microbial interaction. This balance and protection from stressors is maintained through interactions both within the bacterial ecosystem as well as with its host. As a consequence, the gut microbiome plays a critical role in various physiological processes including maintaining the structure and function of the gut barrier, educating the gut immune system, and modulating the gut motor, digestive/absorptive, as well as neuroendocrine system all of which are crucial for human health and disease pathogenesis.

Brainwide Projections of Mouse Dopaminergic Zona Incerta Neurons.

The zona incerta (ZI) supports diverse behaviors including binge feeding, sleep-wake cycles, nociception, and hunting. Diverse ZI functions can be attributed to its heterogeneous neurochemical characterization, cytoarchitecture, and efferent connections. The ZI is predominantly GABAergic, but we recently identified a subset of medial ZI GABA cells that are marked by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and produce dopamine (DA).

Affective responses in adults with severe obesity living or not with a mental disorder during two consecutive 6-min walking exercises.

Objectives: Affective response during physical activity can partly determine its adherence in adults with severe obesity living or not with a mental disorder. This study examined affective responses to physical activity in adults with severe obesity living or not with a mental disorder.

Materials And Methods: Two groups (24 adults with severe obesity, body mass index=44.

Brain health PRO/Santé cerveau PRO: The development of a web-based program for dementia literacy and risk factor reduction.

Background: Online educational programs focused on ways to improve brain health could increase participant literacy, empowerment, and engagement in activities that support personal brain health, potentially reducing dementia risk.

Objectives: Our goal was to develop an evidence-based online educational program with a focus on risk and protective factors for dementia. Here we present the rationale and features of the program and include results from a pilot study that assessed usability and acceptability.

Predicting the complexity of minimally invasive liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma using machine learning.

Background: Despite technical advancements, minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging. Nonetheless, effective tools to assess MILS complexity are still lacking. Machine learning (ML) models could improve the accuracy of such tools.

Analysis of a modified surgical desirability of outcome ranking (mDOOR) among patients undergoing surgery for Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Composite measures represent a validated method for evaluating surgical care quality. We defined a modified Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (mDOOR) and compared it with textbook outcome (TO).

Methods: In this cohort study, patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for HCC were identified from an international cohort.

Comparative analysis of lipid profiles and antioxidant potential of fruit oils from Tunisia and Canada: influence of extraction methods.

This study investigated the lipid profiles and free radical scavenging potential of fruit oils from Tunisia and Canada, utilizing three extraction methods: single screw, twin screw, and solvent extraction. Significant differences ( < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of essential fatty acids, including petroselinic, linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids, between oils from the two regions.

Navigating the Impact of Discrimination: Exploring the Experiences of Sex/Gender Minoritised Youth With Disabilities.

Background: Youth with disabilities often experience disability-related discrimination (ableism). Those with multiple minoritised identities, such as along the axes of disability and gender, arguably encounter more complex forms of discrimination; however, little is known about their experiences. Exploring the experiences of sex/gender minoritised youth with disabilities is important because they often face many challenges within education, health and social services, including discrimination, which could perpetuate inequalities.

Reirradiation for Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions.

Reirradiation of the head and neck presents one of the most complex and challenging scenarios faced by (for) clinicians due to the narrow therapeutic window. Its use is increasing in clinical practice, often guided by empirical and pragmatic approaches due to the limited availability of high-level evidence from randomized clinical trials. Successful reirradiation requires a precise balance between tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).

Principles and Paradigms of De-Escalated Elective Nodal Irradiation: Boldly Going Towards an Inflection Point in Head and Neck Radiotherapy.

Fundamental axioms of elective nodal irradiation (ENI) for head and neck cancers merit re-examination in contemporary practice. Standard ENI doses to volumes bordering critical organs-at-risk increased during the transition from two-dimensional radiation planning to intensity-modulated radiotherapy, despite improvements in detection of occult nodal metastases with modern imaging, use of concurrent chemotherapy, and identification of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related radiosensitivity. Historical large ENI volumes covering low-risk nodal regions continue to be commonly used even as awareness grows regarding the predominant pattern-of-failure within existing gross disease.

Sterilization, Infecundity, and Reproductive Autonomy in Rural, Suburban, and Urban America: Results From a National Survey.

Objective: Rural women are significantly more likely than urban women to be sterilized. This study aims to understand why rural women depend so heavily on this method of fertility control, whether they are more likely than suburban and urban women to desire sterilization reversal, and the impact of female sterilization on rural women's ability to achieve their fertility goals.

Methods: Data from 10,081 sexually active women aged 15 to 49, who participated in the National Survey of Family Growth (2015-2019), were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses.

Regional, subregional and country-level full vaccination coverage in children aged 12-23 months for 34 countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a global analysis using Demographic and Health Survey data.

Objective: This study estimated the proportion of children aged 12-23 months who were fully vaccinated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), explored geographical disparities across subregions and countries, and identified country-level factors associated with full vaccination (FV).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: SSA.

Levels and determinants of person-centred maternity care among women living in urban informal settlements: evidence from client exit surveys in Nairobi, Lusaka and Ouagadougou.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa's rapid urbanisation has led to the sprawling of urban informal settlements. The urban poorest women are more likely to experience worse health outcomes and poor treatment during childbirth. This study measures levels of person-centred maternity care (PCMC) and identifies determinants of PCMC among women living in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Lusaka and Ouagadougou.

Assessing the impact of Lithuania's 2018 alcohol marketing ban on adolescent alcohol use by comparing trends with five EU control countries: a study protocol for a secondary data analysis.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption poses a significant health risk, contributing to 10% of deaths in the WHO European Region. To combat this, the WHO recommends the implementation of its 'best buy' policies-three cost-effective alcohol policies that include higher taxes, restricted availability and marketing bans. While evidence links alcohol marketing to increased consumption, the effectiveness of marketing bans in decreasing alcohol use remains inconclusive.

Sustainable and robust polypyrrole/carbon nitride/regenerated cellulose fiber with visible-light-enhanced capacitance and bacterial inactivation.

With the rise of wearable devices, it is important but challenge to develop flexible energy storage materials that combine excellent mechanical properties, good electrochemical properties, and other functions. Here, a polypyrrole (PPy)/carbon nitride (CN)/regenerated cellulose composite fiber (PCCF) was firstly fabricated through a straightforward in situ polymerization and wet spinning process. The results show that PCCF can well balance mechanical properties, visible light antibacterial property and energy storage when compared to PPy/regenerated cellulose composite fiber (PCF).

Composite cryogel of gelatin/nanofibrillated cellulose/partially demineralized chitin with potential for bone tissue engineering.

Fabrication of macroporous scaffolds with favorable mechanical and biological properties based on natural polysaccharides embedding inorganic components has emerged as a promising alternative for bone regeneration. We hypothesized that partially demineralized chitin containing natural calcium phosphate with suitable mechanical strength as the inorganic component is more favorable for this purpose than commonly used nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA). Therefore, a macroporous cryogel scaffold composed of gelatin (G), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and partially demineralized chitin (PDCh), chemically crosslinked with oxidized dextran (ODex), was developed in this study.

Corticosteroid use to mitigate transaminitis-associated decline in FVIII levels following valoctocogene roxaparvovec gene therapy: clinical practice guidance.

Valoctocogene roxaparvovec is the only factor VIII (FVIII) gene therapy currently approved for adults with severe hemophilia A in Europe and the USA. Elevated alanine transaminase (transaminitis) has been the most common adverse event observed during valoctocogene roxaparvovec clinical trials. Typically mild and transient, this marker of hepatocyte injury coincides, in some patients, with reduced FVIII levels and is generally managed with a reactive course of corticosteroids.

Importance of Tubulin Detyrosination in Platelet Biogenesis.

Background: The functional diversity of microtubules is regulated through the expression of distinct α- and β-tubulin isotypes together with several post-translational modifications, a concept known as tubulin code. Tubulin detyrosination is a reversible post-translational modification which consists in the removal of the genetically encoded C-terminal tyrosine residue of most α-tubulins. While this modification has been observed in the megakaryocyte lineage, its importance remains poorly understood in platelet biogenesis.

Loss of aryl hydrocarbon receptor reduces pancreatic tumor growth by increasing immune cell infiltration.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease which remains poorly understood. Increasing evidence suggests that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays a role in the pathogenesis of several cancers; however, its role in PDAC is unclear because AHR exhibits both pro- and anti-tumor activities. Here we evaluated the role of AHR in CR705 and K8484 murine PDAC cells in vitro and CR705 cells in vivo.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates transcription of the inhibin B co-receptor, TGFBR3L, via early growth response 1.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a product of pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates gonadal function and fertility. FSH production is stimulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and activin-class ligands of the TGFβ family. Inhibin A and B are TGFβ proteins that suppress FSH synthesis by competitively binding activin type II receptors in concert with the co-receptors betaglycan (TGFBR3) and TGFBR3L.

Quantitative Brain Volume Differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers: A systematic review.

Background: The majority of COVID-19 neuroimaging literature focuses on the acute period after infection and clinically evident lesions. The chronic effects of COVID-19 on brain structure are less well defined. There are inconsistencies in the existing structural neuroimaging studies regarding differences in brain volumes after COVID-19 infection.

Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Features of Buccal Bifurcation Cysts: A Systematic Review to Aid Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions.

Objective: This systematic review delves into the nuanced landscape of buccal bifurcation cysts (BBCs), emphasizing their clinical significance amid the diagnostic challenges in oral and maxillofacial pathology. We trace the evolution of BBC classification from historical perspectives to its current status in the World Health Organization's classification system, aiming to equip dental professionals with crucial insights for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Methods: This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023405169) followed PRISMA guidelines to examine the epidemiological characteristics of BBCs.

Metabolic reprogramming and synergistic cytotoxicity of genistein and chemotherapy in human breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease, initially responsive to hormone therapy but often developing resistance to both hormonal and chemotherapy treatments. Novel therapeutic strategies are needed for drug-resistant BCa. Genistein, a phytoestrogen structurally similar to estrogen, competes with estrogen for receptor binding and exhibits anti-cancer effects.