Frequency and Impact of Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Patients With High-Grade Glioma, a Retrospective Analysis of 7 Years in Pakistan: an IRRDC Study.

Purpose: Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a genetic cancer predisposition syndrome among children and young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CMMRD among patients with pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) in a single tertiary care center in Pakistan, a country with high consanguinity rates.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed the data of patients age <18 years with pHGG, anaplastic astrocytoma, and diffuse midline glioma (DMG) with CMMRD testing between 2016 and 2023.

Motion-Onset Visually Evoked Potentials (VEPs) are Amplified in The Deaf.

The loss of a sensory modality triggers a phenomenon known as cross-modal plasticity, where areas of the brain responsible for the lost sensory modality are reorganized and repurposed to the benefit of the remaining modalities. After perinatal or congenital deafness, superior visual motion detection abilities have been psychophysically identified in both humans and cats, and this advantage has been causally demonstrated to be mediated by reorganized auditory cortex. In our study, we investigated visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to motion-onset stimuli of varying speeds in both hearing and perinatally deafened cats under light anesthesia.

Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Changes in Acinetobacter baumannii in Rich and Minimal Growth Mediums.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is often studied in commonly used rich media in laboratories worldwide. Due to the metabolic versatility of A. baumannii, it can be cultured in different growth mediums; however, this can lead to genotypic and phenotypic variations.

Acute selective serotonin-reuptake inhibition elevates basal ventilation, attenuates the rebreathing ventilatory response, independent of cerebral perfusion.

Serotonin (5-HT) is integral to signalling in areas of the brainstem controlling ventilation and is involved in central chemoreception. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), used to effectively increase 5-HT concentrations, are commonly prescribed for depression. The effects of SSRIs on the control of breathing and the potential influence of cerebral blood flow (CBF) have not been directly assessed.

Genomic characterization of pathotype diversity and drug resistance among generic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Canada.

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in animals and humans, with some strains capable of causing disease. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative genomic analysis of 2,732 generic E. coli isolates that were recovered from poultry samples collected from six regions in Canada as part of the National Microbiological Baseline study in Broiler Chicken.

A pilot study on the effects of in-feed probiotic ATCC 53103 (LGG) on vaccinated Atlantic salmon (): microbiomes and challenge resilience.

The use of probiotics is an alternative approach to mitigate the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture. In our study, we examined the effects of GG (ATCC 53103, LGG) delivered in-feed on the weight, length, skin mucus, and faecal microbiomes of Atlantic salmon. We also challenged the salmon with 2004-05MF26 (Asal2004) and assessed the mortality.

Rhamnogalacturonan promotes intestinal mucosal repair through increased cell migration.

Mucosal healing is the primary goal for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) treatment. We previously showed the direct beneficial effects of rhamnogalacturonan (RGal) on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of RGal in intestinal epithelial wound healing.

Exploring the Social Determinants of Health in Nutrition Care for South Asian Communities: A Narrative Review.

The South Asian (SA) diasporic communities in Canada experience a greater burden of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to white populations. Nutrition interventions often focus on individual behaviours and fail to consider that the social determinants of health (SDH) have a greater impact on chronic disease risk. A narrative review was conducted to identify the SDH in nutrition care interventions for the SA diaspora in Canada.

Ketone monoester ingestion improves cardiac function in adults with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised, crossover trial.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. The myocardium preferentially uses ketones over free fatty acids as a more energy efficient substrate. The primary aim was to assess the effects of ketone monoester (K) ingestion on cardiac output index ().

Leg Blood Flow During Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: Evidence for and Implications of Compensatory Cardiovascular Mechanisms.

Proximal limb cuff inflation to 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is assumed to reduce exercising leg perfusion, creating "blood flow restriction" (BFR). However, no study has validated this assumption. 18 healthy young participants (9F) performed two-legged knee flexion/extension exercise at 25% WRpeak with bilateral cuffs applied to the proximal thigh at 0% AOP (CTL), 20% AOP and 40% AOP.

Math attitudes and verbal memory in multilingual younger adults.

Previous research on attitudes towards mathematics has mostly been assessed in a single language. We examined whether math attitudes differ by language in multilingual younger adults (ages 18-25). Furthermore, we evaluated the relationships between math attitudes, verbal memory, and calculation fluency in this sample.

From prediction to explanation: Is the relationship between youth psychopathy traits and continued offending in adulthood mediated by social environment?

Studies that focus on whether psychopathy statistically predicts reoffending are not informative of the process that connects the putative cause (psychopathy) to the expected outcome (offending). Understanding the causal mechanisms responsible for the relationship between psychopathy and offending has received minimal empirical attention even though fourth-generation risk assessment protocols and treatment strategies regularly require a specific focus on psychopathy. Theory can help guide an improved understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying the relationship between psychopathy and offending.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.

Mapping TcdB interactions with host cell-surface and intracellular factors using proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling.

Many bacterial toxins exert their cytotoxic effects by enzymatically inactivating one or more cytosolic targets in host cells. To reach their intracellular targets, these toxins possess functional domains or subdomains that interact with and exploit various host factors and biological processes. Despite great progress in identifying many of the key host factors involved in the uptake of toxins, significant knowledge gaps remain as to how partially characterized and newly discovered microbial toxins exploit host factors or processes to intoxicate target cells.

Squeezed dual-comb spectroscopy.

Optical frequency combs have enabled unique advantages in broadband, high-resolution spectroscopy and precision interferometry. However, quantum mechanics ultimately limits the metrological precision achievable with laser frequency combs. Quantum squeezing has led to significant measurement improvements with continuous wave lasers, but experiments demonstrating metrological advantage with squeezed combs are less developed.

Ambient Temperature Isolation of a Monatomic Boron(0) Complex.

The first bottleable example of a neutral Group 13 atom bound only by neutral donor ligands (L) has been fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and its structure determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. A two-coordinate paramagnetic LB complex can readily be accessed through a facile reduction reaction and is stabilized by π-accepting cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands. Further reduction of (CAAC)B leads to the isolation of a stable diamagnetic boride anion.

Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Molybdenum Terminal Oxo Complexes by Coordination-Induced Bond Weakening of Hydroxo O-H Bonds.

The extent of coordination-induced bond weakening in aquo and hydroxo ligands bonded to a molybdenum(III) center complexed by a dianionic, pentadentate ligand system was probed by reacting the known complex (BPzPy)Mo(III)-NTf, , with degassed water or dry lithium hydroxide. The aquo adduct was not observed, but two LiNTf-stabilized hydroxo complexes were fully characterized. Computational and experimental work showed that the O-H bond in these complexes was significantly weakened (to ≈57 kcal mol), such that these compounds could be used to form the diamagnetic, neutral terminal molybdenum oxo complex (BPzPy)Mo(IV)O, , by hydrogen atom abstraction using the aryl oxyl reagent ArO• (Ar = 2,4,6-tri--butylphenyl).

Comprehensive Characterization of Raw and Processed Quinoa from Conventional and Organic Farming by Label-Free Shotgun Proteomics.

Quinoa is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional properties, particularly its complete protein content. This study, for the first time, investigates the effects of processing methods (boiling and extrusion) and farming conditions (conventional and organic) on the proteomic profile. Following a label-free shotgun proteomics approach, a total of 1796 proteins were identified and quantified across all quinoa samples.

Multiclass Synthetic Accessibility Prediction.

Evaluating synthetic accessibility of molecules is an integral component of the drug discovery process. While the application of machine learning models to predict whether small molecules are easy or hard to synthesize has gained attention recently, predetermined thresholds and data set imbalances present challenges for these binary classification approaches. In this study, we introduce a novel multiclass fold-ensembled classification approach to predict the minimum number of steps needed to synthesize a small molecule.

Living Dual Heat- and pH-Responsive Textiles.

Smart textiles that integrate multiple environmental sensing capabilities are an emerging frontier in wearable technology. In this study, we developed dual pH- and temperature-responsive textiles by combining engineered bacterial systems with bacterially derived proteins. For temperature sensing, we characterized the properties of a heat sensitive promoter, P, in () using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter.

Integrating C-H Information to Improve Machine Learning Classification Models for Microplastic Identification from Raman Spectra.

Research has shown microplastic particles to be pervasive pollutants in the natural environment, but labor-intensive sample preparation, data acquisition, and analysis protocols continue to be necessary to navigate their diverse chemistry. Machine learning (ML) classification models have shown promise for identifying microplastics from their Raman spectra, but all attempts to date have focused on the lower energy "fingerprint" region of the spectrum. We explore strategies to improve ML classification models based on the -nearest-neighbor algorithm by including other regions of the Raman spectra.

F-DCFPyL PSMA-PET/CT Versus MRI: Identifying the Prostate Cancer Region Most at Risk of Radiation Therapy Recurrence for Tumor Dose Escalation.

Purpose: Local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy (RT) typically occurs at the site of dominant tumor burden, and recent evidence confirms that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided tumor dose escalation improves outcomes. With the emergence of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET), we hypothesize that PSMA-PET and MRI may not equally depict the region most at risk of recurrence after RT.

Methods And Materials: Patients with intermediate- to high-risk PCa and MRI plus PSMA-PET performed before RT were identified.

The Accuracy of Cardiac Surface Conduction Velocity Measurements.

Background: Conduction velocity (CV) is a measure of the health of myocardial tissue. It can be measured by taking differences in local activation times from intracardiac electrodes. Several factors introduce error into the measurement, among which ignoring the 3-dimensional aspect is a major detriment.

Age-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate Characteristics for Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Before Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Placement.

Background: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate characteristics before transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) are unknown.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate substrates for sustained monomorphic VT before TPVR in rTOF.

Methods: Retrospective (2017 to 2021) and prospective (commencing 2021) rTOF patients with native right ventricular outflow tract referred for electrophysiology study (EPS) before TPVR were included.