Exploring gaps, opportunities, barriers and enablers in malnutrition policy through key informant interviews: a qualitative inquiry from the CANDReaM initiative.

Objectives: Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) presents in up to half of adults and one-third of children admitted to Canadian hospitals and significantly impacts health outcomes. Strategies to screen, diagnose and treat DRM exist but policy to facilitate implementation and sustainability are lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore gaps, opportunities, barriers and enablers for DRM policy in Canada.

Nutrition users' guides: systematic reviews part 1 -structured guide for methodological assessment, interpretation and application of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of non-randomised nutritional epidemiology studies.

Due to the challenges of conducting randomised controlled trials (randomised trials) of dietary interventions, evidence in nutrition often comes from non-randomised (observational) studies of nutritional exposures-called nutritional epidemiology studies. When using systematic reviews of such studies to advise patients or populations on optimal dietary habits, users of the evidence (eg, healthcare professionals such as clinicians, health service and policy workers) should first evaluate the rigour (validity) and utility (applicability) of the systematic review. Issues in making this judgement include whether the review addressed a sensible question; included an exhaustive literature search; was scrupulous in the selection of studies and the collection of data; and presented results in a useful manner.

Nutrition Users' Guides: RCTs Part 2 - structured guide for interpreting and applying study results from randomised controlled trials on therapy or prevention questions.

This article continues from a prior commentary on evaluating the risk of bias in randomised controlled trials addressing nutritional interventions. Having provided a synopsis of the risk of bias issues, we now address how to understand trial results, including the interpretation of best estimates of effect and the corresponding precision (eg, 95% CIs), as well as the applicability of the evidence to patients based on their unique circumstances (eg, patients' values and preferences when trading off potential desirable and undesirable health outcomes and indicators (eg, cholesterol), and the potential burden and cost of an intervention). Authors can express the estimates of effect for health outcomes and indicators in relative terms (relative risks, relative risk reductions, OR or HRs)-measures that are generally consistent across populations-and absolute terms (risk differences)-measures that are more intuitive to clinicians and patients.

Nutrition users' guides: RCTs part 1 - structured guide for assessing risk of bias in randomised controlled trials that address therapy or prevention questions.

The purpose of this article, part 1 of 2 on randomised controlled trials (RCTs), is to provide readers (eg, clinicians, patients, health service and policy decision-makers) of the nutrition literature structured guidance on interpreting RCTs. Evaluation of a given RCT involves several considerations, including the potential for risk of bias, the assessment of estimates of effect and their corresponding precision, and the applicability of the evidence to one's patient. Risk of bias refers to flaws in the design or conduct of a study that may lead to a deviation from measuring the underlying true effect of an intervention.

Characterization of LTBP2 mutation causing mitral valve prolapse.

Aims: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valvular disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with a strong genetic basis. This study aimed to identify a mutation in a family with MVP and to characterize the valve phenotype in LTBP2 knockout (KO) mice.

Methods And Results: Exome sequencing and segregation analysis were performed on a large family with MVP.

Assessing the Benefit of a Digital Pain Alert System in a Community Hospital.

Introduction: In the last decade, clinical alert systems were developed for clinical use, including patient deterioration and other urgent clinical situations. However, investigations focusing on digital pain alert systems to assess and manage pain on time in in-hospital patients are scarce. The objective of the study was to assess the implementation of digital pain alerts in the various departments of a community hospital.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy - A real-world observational study.

Background And Aims: Cardiotoxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a challenge in clinical practice, and the assessment of ICI-related myocarditis (ICI-M) is often complicated by a variable phenotype. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is used frequently, but evidence is poor. Here, we aim to assess the role of CMR in the assessment of suspected ICI-M in a real-world clinical setting.

Determinants of readiness to implement forensic patient-oriented research: a study of barriers and facilitators in a high-secure hospital.

Introduction: Forensic mental health care is intended to promote recovery and reintegration, but is often experienced by patients as punitive and aversive. Forensic patients are rarely engaged in research to explore what matters most to them, and little guidance exists on how this engagement may be facilitated. In this paper, we explore perceived determinants of readiness to implement forensic patient-oriented research in a high-secure setting.

Predicting conversion to psychosis using machine learning: response to Cannon.

Background: We previously reported that machine learning could be used to predict conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis with up to 90% accuracy using the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-3 (NAPLS-3) dataset. A definitive test of our predictive model that was trained on the NAPLS-3 data, however, requires further support through implementation in an independent dataset. In this report we tested for model generalization using the previous iteration of NAPLS-3, the NAPLS-2, using the identical machine learning algorithms employed in our previous study.

A database of nutritional strategies of nanoplankton genera present in North American lake surface waters.

A database of nutritional strategies of nanoplankton genera present in North American lake surface waters is presented. This work represents an integrated and updated database of nutritional strategies for nanoplankton genera commonly found in surface waters of North American lakes. We tabulate the nutritional strategies (autotroph, phago-mixotroph and phago-heterotroph) for nanoplankton genera identified during several pan-continental lake surveys: the EPA-NLA surveys conducted in 2012 and 2017 across the continental USA and the NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse survey campaign conducted from 2017 to 2019.

Forensic mental health in Kuwait: filling the gaps.

The case of (1843) laid out the insanity defence test for the British legal system. Later, many countries basing their criminal legislation on the British common law system, including the Criminal Act of Kuwait, adopted the test. The Act forms the basis for forensic psychiatric assessments.

The design and rationale of the cardiac REHABilitation to improve metabolic health in Hypertrophic CardioMyopathy (REHAB-HCM) Study.

Study Objective: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic myocardial disorder increasingly characterized by concomitant metabolic syndrome. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve metabolic parameters in populations with heart failure and myocardial infarction. However, there is a paucity of data on the impact of CR in the HCM population with metabolic syndrome.

Nanomaterials-plants-microbes interaction: plant growth promotion and stress mitigation.

Soil salinization, extreme climate conditions, and phytopathogens are abiotic and biotic stressors that remarkably reduce agricultural productivity. Recently, nanomaterials have gained attention as effective agents for agricultural applications to mitigate such stresses. This review aims to critically appraise the available literature on interactions involving nanomaterials, plants, and microorganisms.

The temperate forest phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome: a case study of sugar maple.

The interactions between sugar maple (, Marshall) and its microbial communities are important for tree fitness, growth, and establishment. Despite recent progress in our understanding of the rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities of sugar maple, many outstanding knowledge gaps remain. This review delves into the relationships between sugar maple and its microbes, as climate change alters plant species distributions.

Upregulation of HSP90α in the lungs and circulation in sarcoidosis.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Natural improvement with favorable outcome is common, but a significant number of patients present with difficult to manage and progressive disease. The identification of biomarkers associated with disease activity and progression is warranted.

Mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on microglia and neuroinflammation.

The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary parasympathetic nerve, providing two-way communication between the body and brain through a network of afferent and efferent fibers. Evidence suggests that altered VN signaling is linked to changes in the neuroimmune system, including microglia. Dysfunction of microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy.

Spatiotemporal variation in size-dependent growth rates in small isolated populations of Arctic charr ().

As a key life-history trait, growth rates are often used to measure individual performance and to inform parameters in demographic models. Furthermore, intraspecific trait variation generates diversity in nature. Therefore, partitioning out and understanding drivers of spatiotemporal variation in growth rate is of fundamental interest in ecology and evolution.

Measuring the dark triad: a meta-analytical SEM study of two prominent short scales.

This research examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of two well-known Dark Triad personality trait questionnaires: the Short Dark Triad (SD3) and the Dirty Dozen (DD). By analyzing data from 11 (SD3) and 5 (DD) carefully selected studies in the United States and Canada, this meta-analysis uncovers unexpected correlations among questionnaire items, challenging existing assumptions. The study employs a two-stage structural equation modeling approach to evaluate various measurement models.

Sex in aging matters: exercise and chronic stress differentially impact females and males across the lifespan.

Assessing sex as a biological variable is critical to determining the influence of environmental and lifestyle risks and protective factors mediating behavior and neuroplasticity across the lifespan. We investigated sex differences in affective behavior, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis following short- or long-term exposure to exercise or chronic mild stress in young and aged mice. Male and female mice were assigned control, running, or chronic stress rearing conditions for 1 month (young) or for 15 months (aged), then underwent a behavioral test battery to assess activity, affective behavior, and memory.

[Addiction : what's new in 2024].

Addiction medicine is confronting challenges brought about by changes in our modern world, including shifts in the drug market and the increasing digitalization of our environments. This article highlights some of these challenges and explores potential strategies to address them. The field is also advancing through robust research momentum in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

Enhancing transcranial ultrasound stimulation planning with MRI-derived skull masks: a comparative analysis with CT-based processing.

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) presents challenges in ultrasound wave transmission through the skull, affecting study outcomes due to aberration and attenuation. While planning strategies incorporating 3D computed tomography (CT) scans help mitigate these issues, they expose participants to radiation, which can raise ethical concerns. A solution involves generating skull masks from participants' anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Organizational and Structural Factors in Building the Therapeutic Alliance in a Work Rehabilitation Program With Injured Immigrant Workers in Quebec.

The therapeutic alliance is central to occupational rehabilitation, particularly for immigrant workers who face unique challenges of migration and of social and occupational integration. This study explores the development and maintenance of this alliance between immigrant workers with compensated work injuries and their care providers during work rehabilitation. Using ethnography, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups, the qualitative case study involved 7 injured immigrant workers and their interdisciplinary clinical team.

Cognitive Outcomes After Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression: Résultats cognitifs après la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne pour le traitement de la dépression chez les personnes âgées.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is often accompanied by cognitive impairment, which may persist despite antidepressant treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an efficacious treatment for depression, with potential benefits on cognitive functioning. However, research on cognitive effects is inconclusive, relatively sparse in LLD, and predominantly focused on group-level cognitive changes.

Activating Redox Chemistry of Quinones for High Energy Density Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Anode materials with high capacity and suitable redox potential are crucial for improving the energy density of aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs). And organic anode materials play a promising role due to their tunable electrochemical performance. However, the insufficient electroactive sites lead to a low capacity, hindering the elevation of energy density.