Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The utility of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) for early detection of AD and/or other neuropathologies is not fully understood, with concerns regarding specificity. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a syndrome identifying persons at risk for incident cognitive decline and dementia by leveraging risk associated with later-life emergent and persistent NPS. Here, in dementia-free individuals at baseline, we examined whether AD, Lewy body (LB), and/or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology at autopsy were associated with the presence of MBI five years before death.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Apathy and mood symptoms are increasingly recognised as clinical important aspects of prodromal dementia; both are associated with increased risk of dementia even in cognitively normal people. The clinical overlap between apathy and low mood poses a challenge in distinguishing between the two conditions. It is crucial to differentiate between depression and apathy, along with any underlying syndromes, to facilitate the development of targeted treatments.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Menopause has been associated with greater dementia risk. We investigated the relationship between the presence of specific symptoms experienced during menopause (i.e.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Apathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairment, particularly executive functions such as selective attention, making it unclear whether apathy should be a separate treatment target. Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2) is the largest and most recent trial assessing apathy and cognition. This analysis assessed whether changes in apathy correlated to changes in various cognitive domains in ADMET 2.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Changes in sleep are common in older persons and have been linked to higher dementia risk. The link between sleep complaints and early risk markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), namely subjective changes in cognition and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), have not been fully explored. This study investigated associations between sleep complaints with cognitive and behavioral AD risk markers and quality of life (QoL) among cognitively unimpaired older persons.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Language impairment is common in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and is often overlooked due to the severity of the motor symptoms. We investigated whether language can be used to predict PSP prognosis.

Methods: One hundred-forty-six patients with a diagnosis of possible or probable PSP from the Tilavonemab (ABBV-8E12) clinical trial were evaluated at baseline and week 32 using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), the PSP rating scale (PSPRS) and the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale (SEADL).

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classically viewed as a predominantly amnestic syndrome, with other cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) being non-integral associations. Emerging Evidence suggests that within typical AD, these symptoms are core features from the onset.

Methods: We employed K-modes clustering on 2483 cognitively impaired (CI) individuals (CDR ≥ 0.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Olfactory identification is impaired in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This early sensory impairment could result from several factors such as early cognitive or structural cerebral damages caused by the disease. It is however not clear which factors are contributing the most to the olfactory impairment in older people at risk of developing AD.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI) identify older persons that are more likely to be at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than those without SCD and MBI. However, vascular co-pathologies may also contribute to new onset and persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We investigated vascular risk factor associations with SCD and MBI in older persons without mild cognitive impairment or dementia.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: The newly proposed criteria by the AA working group incorporates both biological and clinical stages to characterize the progression of AD. In this study, we aim to evaluate the agreement between these two complementary systems.

Methods: Using 188 participants from McGill TRIAD and 139 from the HEAD cohorts, we categorized participants into biological (0-4) and clinical (0-4) stages using amyloid PET, tau PET(MK-6240), and clinical measures as described by the working group.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Agitation in dementia is associated with poor outcomes, including mortality. However, the lack of a consensus definition of agitation has hampered research, historically driven by variable approaches to symptom identification. Accordingly, prevalence estimates range widely (5%-88%) and interventions are hard to compare meaningfully.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Adherence to treatment guidelines for agitation in dementia is suboptimal and inconsistent. We designed an Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) that standardized behavioral and pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia, and evaluated it against treatment-as-usual (TAU). The two primary hypotheses were that, compared to TAU, the ICP would result in (1) lower agitation and (2) lower rates of polypharmacy at study end.

Luminescence of the CsZrCl under High Pressure.

The photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra of the CsZrCl crystal over a wide range of pressures were studied in this work for the first time. PL measurements were performed up to 10 GPa, while the Raman spectra were measured up to 20 GPa. The PL data revealed a linear blue shift of the emission maximum from about 2.

Tinnitus prevalence and associations with leisure noise exposure among Canadians, aged 6 to 79 years.

Objective: To examine the association between individual, cumulative leisure noise exposure (CLNE), acceptable yearly exposure (AYE) and tinnitus among a nationally representative sample of Canadians.

Design: In-person household questionnaires were used to evaluate leisure noise exposure across age, sex, household income and tinnitus: ever experienced, previous year, frequent, bothersome. High (≥85 dBA, LEX), low (<85 dBA, LEX) CLNE and AYEs were defined according to occupational limits.

Automated abdominal aortic calcification and major adverse cardiovascular events in people undergoing osteoporosis screening: the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry.

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) images from bone density machines enable the automated machine learning assessment of abdominal aortic calcification (ML-AAC), a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of this study was to describe the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE, from linked health records) in patients attending routine bone mineral density (BMD) testing and meeting specific criteria based on age, BMD, height loss, or glucocorticoid use have a VFA in the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry. The cohort included 10 250 individuals (mean 75.

Optimizing Management of Febrile Young Infants Without Serum Procalcitonin.

Background: Febrile young infants are at risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBIs; bacteremia or bacterial meningitis). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines recommend that when procalcitonin testing is unavailable, C-reactive protein (CRP), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and temperature should be used to identify low-risk infants. We sought to determine the optimal combination of these inflammatory markers to predict IBI when procalcitonin is unavailable.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

The alchemical integral transform revisited.

We recently introduced the Alchemical Integral Transform (AIT), enabling the prediction of energy differences, and guessed an ansatz to parameterize space r in some alchemical change λ. Here, we present a rigorous derivation of AIT's kernel K and discuss the parameterization r(λ) in n dimensions, i.e.

Retinal dysfunction in APOE4 knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is the predominant form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is a strong genetic risk factor for LOAD. As an integral part of the central nervous system, the retina displays a variety of abnormalities in LOAD. Our study is focused on age-dependent retinal impairments in humanized APOE4-knock-in (KI) and APOE3-KI mice developed by the Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (MODEL-AD) consortium.

When should the tricuspid valve be repaired during mitral valve repair?

Purpose Of Review: Management of tricuspid regurgitation and annular dilation during mitral valve repair remains controversial. We review the latest evidence on indications to repair the tricuspid valve during mitral valve repair and discuss surgical strategies and complications.

Recent Findings: Concomitant tricuspid valve repair of moderate tricuspid regurgitation is effective in reducing tricuspid regurgitation progression at 2 years, but has not shown benefit to late survival, quality of life, or functional benefit, and is associated with increased permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) rates, which is associated with reduced late survival.

Using mixed methods research to study research integrity: Current status, issues, and guidelines.

The multifaceted nature of research integrity (RI) calls for the adoption of innovative methodologies to achieve a more thorough understanding. Mixed methods research (MMR) provides a valuable framework by combining diverse data sources, enabling a more nuanced exploration of complex research questions. This paper reviews seven RI studies employing MMR to identify methodological shortcomings.

Competing Hexagonal and Square Lattices on a Spherical Surface.

The structural properties of packed soft-core particles provide a platform to understand the cross-pollinated physical concepts in solid-state and soft-matter physics. Confined on a spherical surface, the traditional differential geometry also dictates the overall defect properties in otherwise regular crystal lattices. Using molecular dynamics simulation of the Hertzian model as a tool, we report here the emergence of new types of disclination patterns: domain and counter-domain defects, when hexagonal and square patterns coexist.

The Detrimental Effect of Stroke on Motor Adaptation.

Background: While it is evident that stroke impairs motor control, it remains unclear whether stroke impacts motor adaptation-the ability to flexibly modify movements in response to changes in the body and the environment. The mixed results in the literature may be due to differences in participants' brain lesions, sensorimotor tasks, or a combination of both.

Objective: We first sought to better understand the overall impact of stroke on motor adaptation and then to delineate the impact of lesion hemisphere and sensorimotor task on adaptation poststroke.