Relationship Between Pre- and Post-Orchidectomy Serum Dihydrotestosterone and Prostate Cancer Severity in a Cohort of Nigerian Patients.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the commonest urologic cancer worldwide and the leading cause of male cancer deaths in Nigeria. In Nigeria, orchidectomy remains the primary androgen deprivation therapy. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the active prostatic androgen, but its relationship with PCa severity has not been extensively studied in Africa.

A meta-analysis of sex differences in neonatal rodent ultrasonic vocalizations and the implication for the preclinical maternal immune activation model.

As the earliest measure of social communication in rodents, ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to maternal separation are critical in preclinical research on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). While sex differences in both USV production and behavioral outcomes are reported, many studies overlook sex as a biological variable in preclinical NDD models. We aimed to evaluate sex differences in USV call parameters and determine if USVs are differently impacted based on sex in the preclinical maternal immune activation (MIA) model.

Osilodrostat improves blood pressure and glycemic control in patients with Cushing's disease: a pooled analysis of LINC 3 and LINC 4 studies.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of osilodrostat and hypercortisolism control on blood pressure (BP) and glycemic control in patients with Cushing's disease.

Methods: Pooled analysis of two Phase III osilodrostat studies (LINC 3 and LINC 4), both comprising a 48-week core phase and an optional open-label extension. Changes from baseline in systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA) were evaluated during osilodrostat treatment in patients with/without hypertension or diabetes at baseline.

A historical perspective on the multifunctional outer membrane channel protein TolC in Escherichia coli.

Since its discovery nearly 60 years ago, TolC has been associated with various cellular functions in Escherichia coli, including the efflux of environmental stressors and virulence factors. It also acts as a receptor for specific bacteriophages and the colicin E1 toxin. This review highlights key discoveries over the past six decades and emphasizes the remaining gaps in understanding how TolC contributes to physiological functions in E.

Targeting Acinetobacter baumannii resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump transcriptional regulators to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Regulatory elements controlling gene expression fine-tune bacterial responses to environmental cues, including antimicrobials, to optimize survival. Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogen notorious for antimicrobial resistance, relies on efficient efflux systems. Though the role of efflux systems in antibiotic expulsion are well recognized, the regulatory mechanisms controlling their expression remain understudied.

Efficient diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using an improved ensemble method.

Diabetes is a growing health concern in developing countries, causing considerable mortality rates. While machine learning (ML) approaches have been widely used to improve early detection and treatment, several studies have shown low classification accuracies due to overfitting, underfitting, and data noise. This research employs parallel and sequential ensemble ML approaches paired with feature selection techniques to boost classification accuracy.

Influences of age and sex on the diagnostic accuracy of human epididymis secretory protein 4 for malignant pleural effusion.

Previous studies have suggested that the presence of human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) in pleural fluid can be used to diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE) with moderate accuracy. However, the factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of HE4 remain unknown. This study aimed to examine how age and sex influence the diagnostic accuracy of HE4.

A geometric morphometric approach for detecting different reproductive stages of a free-ranging killer whale Orcinus orca population.

The expansion of drone-based aerial imagery has facilitated an increase in data obtained from free-ranging marine mammal populations, in particular cetacean species. This non-invasive approach allows for body condition assessments, including nutritional and reproductive health. Yet, existing methods of image analysis are time-consuming and lack the granularity to determine early-stage pregnancies and miscarriage rates.

Poor fixation stability does not account for motion perception deficits in amblyopia.

People with amblyopia show deficits in global motion perception, especially at slow speeds. These observers are also known to have unstable fixation when viewing stationary fixation targets, relative to healthy controls. It is possible that poor fixation stability during motion viewing interferes with the fidelity of the input to motion-sensitive neurons in visual cortex.

CHD6 has poly(ADP-ribose)- and DNA-binding domains and regulates PARP1/2-trapping inhibitor sensitivity via abasic site repair.

To tolerate oxidative stress, cells enable DNA repair responses often sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1 and 2 (PARP1/2) inhibition-an intervention effective against cancers lacking BRCA1/2. Here, we demonstrate that mutating the CHD6 chromatin remodeler sensitizes cells to PARP1/2 inhibitors in a manner distinct from BRCA1, and that CHD6 recruitment to DNA damage requires cooperation between PAR- and DNA-binding domains essential for nucleosome sliding activity. CHD6 displays direct PAR-binding, interacts with PARP-1 and other PAR-associated proteins, and combined DNA- and PAR-binding loss eliminates CHD6 relocalization to DNA damage.

Effect of rapid and slow intravenous injection of sodium penicillin on arterial blood pressure in isoflurane-anesthetized horses during surgery.

Objective: To determine the effects of rapid (1 minute) and slow (10 minutes) intravenous (IV) injection of sodium penicillin on arterial blood pressure in anesthetized horses.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A group of 29 client-owned horses of various breeds, 1-20 years old, with body masses of 360-710 kg.

Microbial protein production during fermentation of starch-rich legume flours using Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures.

Starch-rich faba bean, yellow lentil, and yellow field pea flours were subjected to submerged fermentation using Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus plantarum starter mono- or co-cultures, to increase protein contents of the flours. Fermentation mixes were supplemented with up to 35 g/L urea, ammonium sulfate and/or monoammonium phosphate as nitrogen sources. Protein contents of the flours increased 2-2.

Clinically Meaningful Upstaging and Upgrading in Favorable Intermediate-Risk Radical Prostatectomy Patients.

Introduction: In NCCN favorable intermediate-risk (FIR) prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), we tested the effect of upstaging and upgrading on cancer-specific mortality (CSM).

Methods: Within the SEER database (2010-2021), upstaging (≥pT3a or pN1) and upgrading (ISUP ≥3) rates in FIR RP patients were tabulated. Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots and multivariable Cox-regression models (CRMs) were fitted.

Genome-wide association study on chronic postsurgical pain in the UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) persists beyond the expected healing period after surgery, imposing a substantial burden on overall patient well-being. Unfortunately, CPSP often remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. To better understand the mechanism of CPSP development, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with CPSP.

Continuous serratus anterior block for sternotomy analgesia after cardiac surgery: a single-centre feasibility study.

Background: Moderate-to-severe pain is common after cardiac surgery, peaking during the first and second postoperative days. Several nerve blocks for sternotomy have been described; however, the optimal location for continuous catheters has not been established. This study assessed the feasibility of a larger trial evaluating the efficacy of serratus anterior plane (SAP) catheter analgesia for sternotomy pain.

Fuzzy reinforcement learning based control of linear systems with input saturation.

This research introduces an innovative approach to optimal control for a class of linear systems with input saturation. It leverages the synergy of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models and reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. To enhance interpretability and analytical accessibility, our approach applies T-S models to approximate the value function and generate optimal control laws while incorporating prior knowledge.

Exploratory study of patients' and carers' preferences for postdischarge surgical wound monitoring using survey and interviews.

Objectives: To explore patients' and carers' preferences for postdischarge surgical wound monitoring.

Design: Explanatory mixed methods study with an online survey followed by online interviews.

Setting: The online survey was distributed via the Cardiothoracic Interdisciplinary Research Network and cardiac surgery patient and public involvement groups in London and Leicester, UK.

Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in high compared to low TB burden countries: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with a qualitative meta-synthesis of themes.

Introduction: Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment poses a significant challenge to effective TB management globally and is a major contributor to the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Although adherence to TB treatment has been widely studied, a comprehensive evaluation of the comparative levels of adherence in high- versus low-TB burden settings remains lacking. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the levels of adherence to TB treatment in high-TB burden countries compared to low-burden countries.

Impact of microgeography on communication dynamics in a healthcare environment.

Background: For growing healthcare organisations, anchored resources-assets that are not easily movable-may complicate expansion and distort workflow patterns. We examine work patterns at a radiation oncology department of a major Canadian hospital. As this department doubled its size, healthcare providers remained bound to treatment planning rooms and radiation machines at the original site.

Characterizing tumor-infiltrating group 1 innate lymphoid cells in PyMT breast tumors.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and continues to have a significant impact in cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Investigating the complex roles of infiltrating immune subsets within the tumor microenvironment (TME) will enable a better understanding of disease progression and reveal novel therapeutic strategies for patients with breast cancer. The mammary-specific expression of polyomavirus middle T oncoprotein (MMTV-PyMT) was first established in 1992 by William Muller and is the most commonly used genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for breast cancer research.