Financial incentives for physical activity in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis update.

Objective: To update the evidence on the effects of financial incentives (FI) on physical activity (PA) in adults.

Methods: A systematic search of nine databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, EconLit, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane) was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pilot RCTs published between June 1, 2018 and March 31, 2024 examining FI-for-PA interventions. 'Vote counting' and random-effects meta-analyses assessed short- (<6 months) and long-term (≥6 months) FI effects, as well as impact during follow-up (incentive withdrawal).

Insight into enhanced tetracycline photodegradation by hematite/biochar composites: Roles of charge transfer, biochar-derived dissolved organic matter and persistent free radicals.

The combination of hematite and biochar significantly accelerated tetracycline (TC) removal under visible light irradiation. The k of TC removal with Hem/BC-5 reached 0.103 min, 3.

Predicting Multijoint Maximal Eccentric and Concentric Strength With Force-Velocity Jump Mechanics in Collegiate Athletes.

Purpose: Maximal muscle strength is often assessed with single-joint or repetition-maximum testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of countermovement-jump (CMJ) velocity-load testing and assess the relationship between CMJ velocity-load kinetics and concentric-isometric-eccentric multijoint leg-extension strength tested on a robotic servomotor leg press in trained athletes.

Methods: University athletes (N = 203; 52% female) completed 3 concentric, isometric, and eccentric maximum voluntary leg-extension contractions on the robotic leg press, followed by CMJ velocity-load testing with an additional external load of 0% (CMJBW), 30% (CMJ30), and 60% (CMJ60) of body mass.

The association between functional social support, marital status and memory in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of the canadian longitudinal study on aging.

Purpose: Although several studies have reported positive associations between functional social support (FSS) and memory, few have explored how other social variables, such as marital status, may affect the magnitude and direction of this association. We examined whether marital status modifies the association between FSS and memory in a sample of community-dwelling, middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Data at three timepoints, spanning six years, were analyzed from the Tracking Cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 10,318).

Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise.

Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise.

Internet-Based Dementia Prevention Intervention (DementiaRisk): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Knowledge Translation.

Background: Research has shown that engaging in a range of healthy lifestyles or behavioral factors can help reduce the risk of developing dementia. Improved knowledge of modifiable risk factors for dementia may help engage people to reduce their risk, with beneficial impacts on individual and public health. Moreover, many guidelines emphasize the importance of providing education and web-based resources for dementia prevention.

Effectiveness of Video Teletherapy in Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents With Exposure and Response Prevention: Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: An effective primary treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents as well as adults is exposure and response prevention (ERP), a form of intervention in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Despite strong evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of ERP from studies in research and real-world settings, its clinical use remains limited. This underuse is often attributed to access barriers such as the scarcity of properly trained therapists, geographical constraints, and costs.

Effects of daylong exposure to indoor overheating on enterocyte damage and inflammatory responses in older adults: A randomized crossover trial.

We evaluated enterocyte damage (IFABP), microbial translocation (sCD14), and inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) in 16 older adults (66-78 years) during 8 hours rest in conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control), the 26°C indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies, and homes without air-conditioning during heatwaves (31°C, 36°C). Relative to 22°C, IFABP was elevated ~181 pg/mL after exposure to 31°C (P=0.07), and by ~378 pg/mL (P<0.

Stretching, Isometrics, and Aerobic Exercise for Decreasing Blood Pressure Post-Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over Study.

We compared stretching, isometrics, and aerobic exercise for effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure post-exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, 5 males and 4 females (21.3y; normotensive) participated in four 30-minute sessions on separate days: static stretching (30s stretches, major muscle groups), isometric exercise, aerobic cycling (75% VO2peak), and control (rest), with blood pressure and heart rate measured before exercise (or rest) and for 60 minutes post-exercise (or rest).

The typical and the atypical filamins of Drosophila.

The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic mesh of filaments that provide structural support for cells and respond to external deformation forces. Active sensing of these forces is crucial for the function of the actin cytoskeleton, and some actin crosslinkers accomplish it. One such crosslinker is filamin, a highly conserved actin crosslinker dimeric protein with an elastic region capable of responding to mechanical changes in the actin cytoskeleton.

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions With Large Ischemic Strokes: Insights From the SELECT2 Trial.

Background And Objectives: Although previous trials have established the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in large ischemic core strokes, most of them excluded patients with extracranial internal carotid artery (e-ICA) occlusion. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with e-ICA occlusion and large ischemic core infarcts treated with EVT vs medical management (MM).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 trial, a randomized controlled trial conducted at 31 international sites.

Clinical Activity of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With MAP2K1 (MEK1)-Mutated Metastatic Cancers.

Purpose: MAP2K1/MEK1 mutations are potentially actionable drivers in cancer. MAP2K1 mutations have been functionally classified into three groups according to their dependency on upstream RAS/RAF signaling. However, the clinical efficacy of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) for MAP2K1-mutant tumors is not well defined.

Elective Discontinuation of Larotrectinib in Pediatric Patients With TRK Fusion Sarcomas and Related Mesenchymal Tumors.

Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with efficacy in children with TRK fusion tumors. We evaluated patient outcomes after elective discontinuation of larotrectinib in the absence of disease progression in a protocol-defined wait-and-see subset analysis of eligible patients where treatment resumption with larotrectinib was allowed if disease progressed. We also assessed the safety and efficacy of larotrectinib in all pediatric patients with sarcoma.

Integrative genomic analysis of DLBCL identifies immune environments associated with bispecific antibody response.

Most diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with immunotherapies such as bispecific antibodies (BsAb) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells fail to achieve durable treatment responses, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of mechanisms that regulate the immune environment and response to treatment. Here, an integrative, multi-omic approach was applied to multiple large independent datasets in order to characterize DLBCL immune environments, and to define their association with tumor cell-intrinsic genomic alterations and outcomes to CD19-directed CAR T-cell and CD20 x CD3 BsAb therapies. This approach effectively segregated DLBCLs into four immune quadrants (IQ) defined by cell-of-origin and immune-related gene set expression scores.

Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications.

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches.

Is Ockham's razor losing its edge? New perspectives on the principle of model parsimony.

The preference for simple explanations, known as the parsimony principle, has long guided the development of scientific theories, hypotheses, and models. Yet recent years have seen a number of successes in employing highly complex models for scientific inquiry (e.g.

Bubble coalescence principle in saline water.

Bubbles present in saline water typically exhibit a prolonged lifetime, making them attractive for various engineering processes. Herein, we unveil a transition from delayed bubble coalescence to rapid bursting within about one millisecond in salty solutions. The key aspect in understanding this transition lies in the combined influences of surface deformation and ion surface excess instead of characterizing the ions alone.

Effects of femoral neck width and hip Axis length on incident hip fracture risk: a registry-based cohort study.

Bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in clinical practice to assess fracture risk and guide management. DXA can also assess hip geometry, including femoral neck width (FNW) and hip axis length (HAL), which have both been associated with increased risk for hip fracture independently from BMD. Our objective was to assess if FNW predicts hip fracture independently from other factors including HAL.

Power assist add-ons for adult manual wheelchair users: A scoping review.

Manual wheelchairs can promote independence among users. However, the user's level of disability, strength, stamina, and the environmental conditions within which the wheelchair is used may limit manual wheelchair functionality. The use of power assist add-ons may mitigate these limitations and help individuals to age in place.

Responsivity research: Informing psychological services for justice systems that work.

Public service psychologists engage their research competencies to explore the psychological health needs of underserved populations and the justice systems that deliver them psychological services. In late June 2023. the Criminal Justice Section of Division 18 of the American Psychological Association cosponsored the Fifth North American Correctional and Criminal Justice Psychology Conference: Towards a Justice System That Works, Toronto, Canada.

The development and implementation of an innovative community-based intervention to strengthen community capacity for HIV prevention and care among Canadians of African Caribbean and Black (ACB) women in Ontario: a research protocol.

African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) women are overrepresented among new HIV diagnoses due to social and structural factors. This study seeks to create, implement, and evaluate a community-based peer-led intervention to improve access to HIV prevention and care for ACB women in Canada. This multisite, five-year project, using community-based participatory research, implementation science and evaluation frameworks, will be implemented in five non-iterative phases.

Specificity and tunability of efflux pumps: A new role for the proton gradient?

Efflux pumps that transport antibacterial drugs out of bacterial cells have broad specificity, commonly leading to broad spectrum resistance and limiting treatment strategies for infections. It remains unclear how efflux pumps can maintain this broad spectrum specificity to diverse drug molecules while limiting the efflux of other cytoplasmic content. We have investigated the origins of this broad specificity using theoretical models informed by the experimentally determined structural and kinetic properties of efflux pumps.