1,152,592 results match your criteria: "Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM)[Affiliation]"

Corticospinal and Clinical Effects of Muscle Tendon Vibration in Neurologically Impaired Individuals. A Scoping Review.

J Mot Behav

December 2024

Laboratoire de recherche Biomécanique & Neurophysiologique en Réadaptation neuro-musculo-squelettique, Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada.

This review verified the extent, variety, quality and main findings of studies that have tested the neurophysiological and clinical effects of muscle tendon vibration (VIB) in individuals with sensorimotor impairments. The search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, and SportDiscuss up to April 2024. Studies were selected if they included humans with neurological impairments, applied VIB and used at least one measure of corticospinal excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

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Objective: Technology can be combined with psychological interventions to support older adults with memory concerns. Using a bi-phasic design, cognitive rehabilitation (CR) was integrated with off-the-shelf technology and delivered to two people with cognitive impairment, and one care partner.

Method: Pre- and post-intervention assessments were completed for all participants.

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Sudden deaths in infants and children represent a profound and tragic event that continues to challenge researchers despite extensive investigation over several decades. The predominant phenotype, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has evolved into the broader category of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). In older children, a less understood phenomenon known as sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) has garnered attention.

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Increased nuclear factor I-mediated chromatin access drives transition to androgen receptor splice variant dependence in prostate cancer.

Cell Rep

December 2024

Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:

Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, of which ARv7 is the most common, are increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer, but the extent to which they drive AR activity is unclear. We generated a subline of VCaP cells (VCaP16) that is resistant to the AR inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ). AR activity in VCaP16 is driven by ARv7, independently of full-length AR (ARfl), and its cistrome and transcriptome mirror those of ARfl in VCaP cells.

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An update on multiple breath washout in children with cystic fibrosis.

Expert Rev Respir Med

December 2024

Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to progressive lung disease and systemic complications. Lung disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, making early detection of lung function decline crucial. The Lung Clearance Index (LCI), derived from the multiple breath washout (MBW) test, has emerged as a sensitive measure for identifying early airway disease.

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Time-Drive Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) in Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

December 2024

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Objective: Accurately measuring the cost of a clinical process is critical to identifying ways to increase the value of a healthcare process. The objective of this study was to review time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) in otolaryngology and to illustrate areas where value may be increased.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Business Source Complete from database inception to August 2024.

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Electrical stimulation of injured nerves promotes recovery in animals and humans.

J Physiol

December 2024

Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The frequent poor functional outcomes after delayed surgical repair of injured human peripheral nerves results in progressive downregulation of growth-associated genes in parallel with reduced neuronal regenerative capacity under each of the experimental conditions of chronic axotomy of neurones that remain without target contact, chronic distal nerve stump denervation, and chronic muscle denervation. Brief (1 h) low-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation (ES) accelerates the outgrowth of regenerating axons across the surgical site of microsurgical repair of a transected nerve. Exercise programmes also promote nerve regeneration with the combination of ES and exercise being the most effective.

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Non-ionotropic NMDAR signalling activates Panx1 to induce P2X4R-dependent long-term depression in the hippocampus.

J Physiol

December 2024

Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

In recent years, evidence supporting non-ionotropic signalling by the NMDA receptor (niNMDAR) has emerged, including roles in long-term depression (LTD). Here, we investigated whether niNMDAR-pannexin-1 (Panx1) contributes to LTD at the CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapse. Using whole-cell, patch clamp electrophysiology in rat hippocampal slices, we show that a low-frequency stimulation (3 Hz) of the Schaffer collaterals produces LTD that is blocked by continuous but not transient application of the NMDAR competitive antagonist, MK-801.

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Knowledge about seafloor depth, or bathymetry, is crucial for various marine activities, including scientific research, offshore industry, safety of navigation, and ocean exploration. Mapping the central Arctic Ocean is challenging due to the presence of perennial sea ice, which limits data collection to icebreakers, submarines, and drifting ice stations. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated in 1997 with the goal of updating the Arctic Ocean bathymetric portrayal.

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Background: Various factors associated with attitudes toward the utilization of professional psychological help among the school-going population have been explored, but studies from Arabian Gulf countries are lacking. This study aimed to assess attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, examine how demographic factors and self-esteem are associated with seeking psychological help, and understand the interaction between these variables.

Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used.

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We have shown that virus-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T cells (TM) induce autophagy after T cell receptor (TCR) engagement to provide free glutamine and fatty acids, including in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). These nutrients fuel mitochondrial ATP generation through glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathways, to fulfill the bioenergetic demands for optimal IL-21 and cytotoxic molecule production in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. Here, we expand our knowledge on how the metabolic events that occur in the mitochondria of virus-specific TM down-stream of the autophagy are regulated.

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Background: This pilot study aimed to provide supportive evidence for the feasibility of conducting a full-scale intervention trial with patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC). This included assessing the acceptability and potential usefulness of the PTSD Coach mobile app as an early self-management intervention that gives information about anxiety symptoms, offers self-assessment of symptoms with feedback, tools to self-manage anxiety, and connects to support.

Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted.

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Background: The application of '-omics' technologies to study bacterial vaginosis (BV) has uncovered vast differences in composition and scale between the vaginal microbiomes of healthy and BV patients. Compared to amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic approaches focusing on a single or few species, investigating the transcriptome of the vaginal microbiome at a system-wide level can provide insight into the functions which are actively expressed and differential between states of health and disease.

Results: We conducted a meta-analysis of vaginal metatranscriptomes from three studies, split into exploratory (n = 42) and validation (n = 297) datasets, accounting for the compositional nature of sequencing data and differences in scale between healthy and BV microbiomes.

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To optimize patient outcomes, healthcare decisions should be based on the most up-to-date high-quality evidence. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are vital for demonstrating the efficacy of interventions; however, information on how an intervention compares to already available treatments and/or fits into treatment algorithms is sometimes limited. Although different therapeutic classes are available for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), assessing the relative efficacy of these treatments is challenging.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study evaluates outcomes for patients with advanced lung cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy at the Fast Track Lung Clinic, focusing on treatment responses and survival factors.
  • Among 558 patients, a significant 70% showed treatment response, with higher rates linked to better performance status and specific genetic mutations, while those treated for neurological symptoms had lower responses.
  • Key factors affecting overall survival included age, performance status, smoking habits, and the presence of metastases, highlighting the complexity of managing advanced lung cancer.
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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a cost-effective perioperative approach that has been shown to shorten patients' hospital length of stay, improve resource utilization, and reduce postoperative costs for both patients and hospitals. While ERAS has the potential to offer even greater benefits in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) its successful long-term implementation remains incomplete in Pakistan. This study aimed to explore insights and identify opportunities for implementing ERAS within the local socio-environmental context.

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An examination of cortical thickness relationships within the reading network of adults.

Brain Struct Funct

December 2024

Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada.

Much brain imaging work has underscored the functional connections among the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; articulation), supramarginal gyrus (SMG; letter-sound correspondence), superior temporal gyrus (STG; sound) and fusiform gyrus (FFG; print) during basic reading processes. This reading network supports and coordinates the complex processes that contribute to successful reading. In line with the Hebbian notion that 'neurons that fire together, wire together' we examined cortical thickness among these regions and the extent to which these regions showed structural relationships in average and impaired readers.

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Background & Purpose: Non-stenotic (< 50%) carotid plaques are increasingly recognized as a potential mechanism for ischemic stroke. We assessed the prevalence of such plaques in patients with low-risk neurologic events and evidence of DWI (Diffusion Weighted Imaging)-positive ischemia.

Methods: This is a post-hoc exploratory analysis from the DOUBT study, a prospective, observational, multicenter study of patients with low-risk transient or persistent minor focal neurological symptoms.

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Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

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Generative adversarial collaborations: a new model of scientific discourse.

Trends Cogn Sci

December 2024

Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Program in Brain, Mind, and Consciousness, Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

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Incidence and factors associated with new depressive episodes in adults with newly treated type 2 diabetes: A cohort study.

Prim Care Diabetes

December 2024

Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-35 Medical Sciences Building, 8613 - 114 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada. Electronic address:

Aims: Several methods are available to help identify people with depression; however, there is little guidance on when to start screening. This study estimated the incidence of new depressive episodes and identified factors associated with onset in adults with newly treated type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Administrative health data from Alberta, Canada was used to identify people starting metformin between April 2011 and March 2015.

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Liver assistive devices in acute liver failure: Current use and future directions.

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol

December 2024

Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * The only certain treatment for ALF is liver transplantation (LT); however, some patients, especially those with acetaminophen-related liver failure, might recover with medical support instead of needing LT.
  • * Extracorporeal liver support (ECLS) is a growing area of interest in treating ALF, aiming to help the liver by removing toxins and promoting regeneration, with two main types: artificial ECLS (like dialysis methods) and bioartificial ECLS (which uses live hepat
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Transitions to Nursing Homes Among Residents of Assisted Living and Community-Dwelling Home Care Recipients.

J Am Med Dir Assoc

December 2024

ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Integrated Care, St. Joseph's Health System, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: To examine transitions to a nursing home among residents of assisted living relative to community-dwelling home care recipients.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial.

Setting And Participants: Linked, individual-level health system data were obtained from older adults (≥65 years of age) who made an incident application for a bed in a nursing home in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2019, and were followed until December 31, 2019.

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