Kidney organ injury scaling: 2025 update.

The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma initially published the organ injury scaling for the kidney in 1989, which was subsequently updated in 2018. This current American Association for the Surgery of Trauma kidney organ injury scaling update incorporates the latest evidence in diagnosis and management of renal trauma and is based upon a multidisciplinary consensus. These changes reflect the near universal use of computed tomography for renal trauma evaluation and the widespread adoption of conservative management across all grades of renal trauma.

Improved Annotation of Asthma Gene Variants with Cell Type Deconvolution of Nasal and Lung Expression-Quantitative Trait Loci.

Asthma is a genetically complex inflammatory airway disease associated with over 200 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, the functional effects of many asthma-associated SNPs in lung and airway epithelial samples are unknown. Here, we aimed to conduct expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using a meta-analysis of nasal and lung samples.

XopAE Effector from pv. Targets HSP20-Like p23 Cochaperone to Suppress Plant Basal Immunity.

Pathogenic bacteria use Type 3 effector proteins to manipulate host defenses and alter metabolism to favor their survival and spread. The non-model bacterial pathogen pv. () causes devastating disease in cassava.

Indirect treatment comparison of lanadelumab and a C1-esterase inhibitor in pediatric patients with hereditary angioedema.

To compare the efficacy and safety of lanadelumab versus other approved long-term prophylaxis (LTP) treatments in patients with pediatric hereditary angioedema (HAE) aged <12 years. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies of LTP in patients with HAE aged <12 years. Two studies met the inclusion criteria in an indirect treatment comparison of efficacy and safety data in pediatric HAE patients.

Contrast-enhanced US of High-Risk Indeterminate Focal Liver Observations Categorized as LR-4 or LR-M at CT/MRI.

Background Indeterminate focal liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may require invasive biopsy or follow-up, which could lead to delays in definitive categorization and to postponement of treatment. Purpose To examine clinical effect of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in participants with high-risk indeterminate liver observations categorized as Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category LR-4 (probably HCC) or LI-RADS category LR-M (probably or definitely malignant but not HCC specific) at CT or MRI. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective international multicenter validation study for CEUS LI-RADS (January 2018 to August 2021).

Are we maintaining minimal residual disease in myeloma?

Minimal residual disease (MRD) has emerged as an important prognostic maker in patients with multiple myeloma at different stages of their treatment. Moreover, it is being increasingly incorporated as an endpoint in various clinical trials. Since maintenance therapy is an integral part of myeloma treatment, especially in the upfront setting post autologous transplantation, it is imperative to understand the role of MRD testing in the maintenance stetting.

Safety and Tolerability of Pivmecillinam During More Than Four Decades of Clinical Experience: A Systematic Review.

The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of pivmecillinam-an oral prodrug of the amidinopenicillin antibiotic mecillinam-presents a valuable opportunity to address the need for new treatments for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). We report findings of a systematic literature review of the safety profile of pivmecillinam/mecillinam based on more than 40 years' experience, mainly in Europe and Canada, to describe its tolerability profile and identify any important safety signals. In total, 110 eligible publications were identified describing use of pivmecillinam/mecillinam as monotherapy or in combination, for treatment of uUTI or other infectious conditions.

Optimized machine learning approaches to combine surface-enhanced Raman scattering and infrared data for trace detection of xylazine in illicit opioids.

Infrared absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were integrated into three data fusion strategies-hybrid (concatenated spectra), mid-level (extracted features from both datasets) and high-level (fusion of predictions from both models)-to enhance the predictive accuracy for xylazine detection in illicit opioid samples. Three chemometric approaches-random forest, support vector machine, and -nearest neighbor algorithms-were employed and optimized using a 5-fold cross-validation grid search for all fusion strategies. Validation results identified the random forest classifier as the optimal model for all fusion strategies, achieving high sensitivity (88% for hybrid, 92% for mid-level, and 96% for high-level) and specificity (88% for hybrid, mid-level, and high-level).

Shared selection and genetic architecture drive strikingly repeatable evolution in long-term experimental hybrid populations.

The degree to which evolution repeats itself has implications regarding the major forces driving evolution and the potential for evolutionary biology to be a predictive (versus solely historical) science. To understand the factors that control evolutionary repeatability, we experimentally evolved four replicate hybrid populations of sunflowers at natural sites for up to 14 years and tracked ancestry across the genome. We found that there was very strong negative selection against introgressed ancestry in several chromosomes, but positive selection for introgressed ancestry in one chromosome.

A Mixed Method Study of Nursing Students' Experiences of Discrimination Within Their Programs.

Aim: This research aimed to explore nursing students' experiences and perspectives on discrimination within nursing programs across classroom and clinical contexts, as well as structural discrimination through institutional policies and processes.

Design: Convergent mixed methods.

Methods: Survey and individual interviews to capture students' experiences and perspectives on discrimination within nursing programs.

Medulloblastoma Molecular Subgrouping and Outcomes Data of a Single Center From a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Introduction: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. Molecular subgrouping of MB has become a major determinant of management in high-income countries. Subgrouping is still very limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and its relevance to management with the incorporation of risk stratification (low risk, standard risk, high risk, and very high risk) has yet to be evaluated in this setting.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at diagnosis predicts colonoscopic activity in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (pIBD).

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel biomarker studied in several autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in adults, but poorly characterized in pediatric IBD (pIBD). We aimed to primarily investigate the relationship between NLR and pIBD endoscopic disease severity. We also examined whether NLR predicted hospitalization, surgery, and therapy response by 52 weeks.

Circumpolar Population Structure, Diversity and Recent Evolutionary History of the Bearded Seal in Relation to Past and Present Icescapes.

The Arctic environment plays a critical role in the global climate system and marine biodiversity. The region's ice-covered expanses provide essential breeding and feeding grounds for a diverse assemblage of marine species, who have adapted to thrive in these harsh conditions and consequently are under threat from global warming. The bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), including two subspecies (E.

Polymeric Nano-discs: A Versatile Nanocarrier Platform for Delivering Topical Theranostics.

Polymeric nano-discs offer a promising and adaptable nanocarrier platform for topical applications involving the targeted administration of drugs. These biocompatible polymer-based, disc-shaped, nanoscale structures have drawn interest due to their exceptional capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of theranostics. Theranostics, the concept of combining treatments and diagnostics into a single system, is the core of attraction.

A Multicentre Evaluation of a Ceramide-Containing Hydrating Cream-to-Foam Cleanser and Facial Moisturizing Lotion for Improving Topical Treatment Tolerability in Facial Acne.

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common skin condition that can cause substantial psychosocial impact. Treatments of AV target clearing and prevention of lesions and reducing scarring and dyspigmentation. Numerous medications are used to target one or more of the pathogenetic factors contributing to AV.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

Improving the early detection of aphasia in the acute phase of stroke: the contribution of a screening test.

Background: Aphasia is one of the most common and most debilitating after-effects of a stroke. In the acute phase of a stroke, referrals to speech-language pathology (SLP) are frequently guided by clinical impressions rather than validated tests.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of incorporating the Screening test for language disorders in adults and the elderly (DTLA) into clinical practice for detecting language disorders during the acute phase of stroke.

Prospective Fumarate Hydratase Tumor Predisposition Syndrome Screening in Patients With Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors: Age, Morphology, Fumarate Hydratase/S-(2-succino) Cysteine Immunohistochemistry, and Germline Testing.

Fumarate hydratase tumor predisposition syndrome (FHTPS) is caused by germline fumarate hydratase (FH) pathogenic variants (PVs). Most women with FHTPS develop FH-deficient (FHD) uterine leiomyomas (ULs), which arise 10 to 15 years earlier than aggressive FHD-renal cell carcinoma. We evaluate a previously proposed FHTPS screening strategy for women with ULs.

Comparative performance of risk prediction indices for mortality or readmission following heart failure hospitalization.

Aims: Risk prediction indices used in worsening heart failure (HF) vary in complexity, performance, and the type of datasets in which they were validated. We compared the performance of seven risk prediction indices in a contemporary cohort of patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods And Results: We assessed the performance of the Length of stay and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LE), Length of stay, number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months, and admission N-Terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP (LENT), Length of stay, Acuity, Charlson co-morbidity index, and number of Emergency department visits in the prior 6 months (LACE), Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG), Readmission Risk Score (RRS), Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiac Treatment model (EFFECT), and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) risk indices among consecutive patients hospitalized for HF and discharged alive from January 2017 to December 2019 in a network of hospitals in England.

Larger Perfusion Mismatch Volume Is Associated With Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) following a stroke is associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Factors predicting LOS in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO), impacting up to 40% of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases, remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate the predictors of LOS in AIS-MeVO.

An Active-Site Bro̷nsted Acid-Base Catalyst Destabilizes Mandelate Racemase and Related Subgroup Enzymes: Implications for Catalysis.

Enzymes of the enolase superfamily (ENS) are mechanistically diverse, yet share a common partial reaction, i.e., the metal-assisted, Bro̷nsted base-catalyzed abstraction of the α-proton from a carboxylate substrate to form an enol(ate) intermediate.

"A quality of heart, of presence, and of really caring": toward affirmative intersex health communication in Canada.

Introduction: This qualitative research study aimed to better understand and help improve the Canadian context for health communication with intersex adults by centering the voices of those directly involved and impacted.

Methods: We conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with intersex individuals (14) and healthcare practitioners (HCPs, 8) from diverse areas of care. Interviews were analyzed via template thematic analysis and filtered through a conceptual lens that brought together agency-based and social-ecological models of health communication.