Safety and Efficacy of Incorporating Actellic 300 CS into Soil Wall Plaster for Control of Malaria Vectors in Rural Northeastern Uganda.

Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and the use of insecticide-treated bednets for malaria vector control have contributed substantially to a reduction in malaria disease burden. However, these control tools have important shortcomings including being donor-dependent, expensive, and often failing because of insufficient uptake. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a user-friendly, locally tailored malaria vector control approach dubbed "Hut Decoration for Malaria Control" (HD4MC) based on the incorporation of a WHO-approved insecticide, Actellic 300 CS, into a customary hut decoration practice in rural Uganda where millions of the most vulnerable and malaria-prone populations live in mud-walled huts.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of a Surgical Neonatal Nursing Workload Tool for an Italian Context: The Italian Winnipeg Surgical Complex Assessment of Neonatal Nursing Needs Tool.

Complexity of care, adequate staffing levels, and workflow are key factors affecting nurses' workloads. There remain notable gaps in the current evidence regarding clinical complexity classification and related staffing adjustment, limiting the capacity for optimal staffing practices. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Winnipeg Surgical Complex Assessment of Neonatal Nursing Needs Tool (WANNNT-SC) for an Italian context to allow the assessment of newborns admitted to NICUs.

Education and Training on Infection Prevention and Control Provided by Long-Term Care Homes to Visitors: A Scoping Review.

The objective of this study is to identify, examine, and map the literature on infection prevention and control (IPAC) education and training for visitors to long-term care (LTC) homes. Visitor restrictions during infectious outbreaks in LTC homes aim to reduce virus transmission to vulnerable residents. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the negative impacts of such restrictions, prompting the need for IPAC education for visitors.

: Co-Design of a Novel Approach for Engaging People with Dementia in Physical Activity.

Background: Promoting physical activity among people living with dementia is critical to maximise physical, cognitive and social benefits; yet the lack of knowledge, skills and confidence among health professionals, informal care partners and people with dementia deters participation. As the initial phase of a larger feasibility study, co-design was employed to develop a new model of community care, to facilitate the physical activity participation of older people living with mild dementia.

Methods: Co-design methodology was utilised with nine stakeholders (with experience in referring to or providing physical activity programs and/or contributing to policy and program planning) over three workshops plus individual interviews with four care partners of people with dementia.

Effect of EGCG-Methacrylate-Functionalized Resin Infiltrant on White Spot Lesions: An In Vitro Study.

This study evaluated the color change (ΔE) and penetration depth (PD) of white spot lesions (WSLs) infiltrated with the resin infiltrant (Icon) functionalized with methacrylate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). To introduce polymerizable double bonds, EGCG was reacted with methacryloyl chloride (EM). Subsequently, the Icon resin infiltrant (I) was loaded with neat EGCG (IE) or EGCG-methacrylate (IEM) at 2 wt% each.

Deep learning analyses of splicing variants identify the link of PCP4 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe motor neuron disease, with most sporadic cases lacking clear genetic causes. Abnormal pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) loss-of-function (LOF) causes widespread RNA mis-splicing events in ALS.

Reply to Cosio et al. Glycation of Nail Proteins as a Risk Factor for Onychomycosis. Comment on "Gupta et al. Diabetic Foot and Fungal Infections: Etiology and Management from a Dermatologic Perspective. 2024, , 577".

We find the comment on the article titled "Diabetic Foot and Fungal Infections: Etiology and Management from a Dermatologic Perspective" informative and wish to thank the authors for their added insight on this complex topic [...

Harnessing Genetic Resistance in Maize and Integrated Rust Management Strategies to Combat Southern Corn Rust.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Underw. has recently emerged as a focal point of study because of its extensive distribution, significant damage, and high prevalence in maize growing areas such as the United States, Canada, and China. is an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen that cannot be cultured in vitro or genetically modified, thus complicating the study of the molecular bases of its pathogenicity.

From Natural Hosts to Agricultural Threats: The Evolutionary Journey of Phytopathogenic Fungi.

Since the domestication of plants, pathogenic fungi have consistently threatened crop production, evolving genetically to develop increased virulence under various selection pressures. Understanding their evolutionary trends is crucial for predicting and designing control measures against future disease outbreaks. This paper reviews the evolution of fungal pathogens from natural habitats to agricultural settings, focusing on eight significant phytopathogens: , , spp.

A Comprehensive Machine Learning Approach for COVID-19 Target Discovery in the Small-Molecule Metabolome.

Respiratory viruses, including Influenza, RSV, and COVID-19, cause various respiratory infections. Distinguishing these viruses relies on diagnostic methods such as PCR testing. Challenges stem from overlapping symptoms and the emergence of new strains.

Multiplexed Dilute-and-Shoot Liquid Chromatography-Multiple-Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Clinical Assay for Metanephrines and Catecholamines in Human Urine.

Quantifying urinary catecholamines and metanephrines is essential for the clinical screening and diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours. HPLC with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) is commonly used for this type of analysis but requires extensive sample cleanup. Simple and rapid dilute-and-shoot LC-multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)-MS assays have been developed for quantitating these analytes in urine but have not yet been validated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Investigating Metabolic Phenotypes for Sarcoidosis Diagnosis and Exploring Immunometabolic Profiles to Unravel Disease Mechanisms.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems and poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse clinical manifestations and absence of specific diagnostic tests. Currently, blood biomarkers such as ACE, sIL-2R, CD163, CCL18, serum amyloid A, and CRP are employed to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of sarcoidosis. Metabolomics holds promise for identifying highly sensitive and specific biomarkers.

Supervised and Self-Supervised Learning for Assembly Line Action Recognition.

The safety and efficiency of assembly lines are critical to manufacturing, but human supervisors cannot oversee all activities simultaneously. This study addresses this challenge by performing a comparative study to construct an initial real-time, semi-supervised temporal action recognition setup for monitoring worker actions on assembly lines. Various feature extractors and localization models were benchmarked using a new assembly dataset, with the I3D model achieving an average mAP@IoU=0.

Face Boundary Formulation for Harmonic Models: Face Image Resembling.

This paper is devoted to numerical algorithms based on harmonic transformations with two goals: (1) face boundary formulation by blending techniques based on the known characteristic nodes and (2) some challenging examples of face resembling. The formulation of the face boundary is imperative for face recognition, transformation, and combination. Mapping between the source and target face boundaries with constituent pixels is explored by two approaches: cubic spline interpolation and ordinary differential equation (ODE) using Hermite interpolation.

The Management of the Aortic Arch in Type A Aortic Dissection: Replace, Repair with the AMDS, or Leave for Another Day?

Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition that requires emergent surgical intervention. Numerous surgical approaches exist for ATAAD, and controversy remains regarding the optimal arch interventions for ATAAD patients. Aortic Arch Interventions: Approaches to ATAAD repair include hemiarch repair or extended arch repairs, including the hemiarch with a hybrid stent implantation, such as the AMDS hybrid Prosthesis, total arch replacement (TAR), and the use of an elephant trunk and frozen elephant trunk.

Risk Factors for Coronary Events After Robotic Hybrid Off-Pump Coronary Revascularization.

Objectives: The impact of long-term complications after robotic hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR), including persistent angina, repeat revascularization, and myocardial infarction (MI), remains limited. This study aims to determine the risk factors for coronary events after robotic HCR and their time-varying effects on outcomes.

Methods: We identified all consecutive patients who underwent robotic HCR at our institution.

A Review of Sulfate Removal from Water Using Polymeric Membranes.

Access to clean and reliable water has become a critical concern due to the global water crisis. High sulfate levels in drinking water raise health concerns for humans and animals and can cause serious corrosion in industrial systems. Sulfated waters represent a major challenge on the Canadian prairies, leading to many cattle deaths.

A Protocol for AI-Powered Tools to Enhance Mobility and Function in Older Adults: An Evidence and Gap Map.

: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment, and patient monitoring, benefiting older adults by offering personalized care plans. AI-powered tools help manage chronic conditions and maintain independence, making them a valuable asset in addressing aging challenges. : The objectives are as follows: 1.

Employing Polymer and Gel to Fabricate Scaffold-like Cancellous Orthopedic Screw: Polycaprolactone/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite.

Using metallic/polymeric orthopedic screws causes cavities in bone trauma after the attachment of broken bones, which prolongs the healing. Yet, it remains unknown how to overcome such a challenge. The main aim of this research was to use both polymers and gels to fabricate and study a new PCL/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold-like orthopedic screw for cancellous bone trauma.

Beyond Needles: Immunomodulatory Hydrogel-Guided Vaccine Delivery Systems.

Vaccines are critical for combating infectious diseases, saving millions of lives worldwide each year. Effective immunization requires precise vaccine delivery to ensure proper antigen transport and robust immune activation. Traditional vaccine delivery systems, however, face significant challenges, including low immunogenicity and undesirable inflammatory reactions, limiting their efficiency.

The PREPARE Study: Acceptability and Feasibility of a Telehealth Trimodal Prehabilitation Program for Women with Endometrial Neoplasia.

Patients with endometrial neoplasia (EN) often have multiple comorbidities and a higher surgical risk. Prehabilitation programs (PPs) combine various interventions to improve preoperative conditions and reduce impairment due to surgical stress. We conducted a pragmatic pilot study to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a trimodal telehealth PP (exercise, nutrition, and psychological support) for EN patients.

Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis on Treating Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer After CDK4/6 Inhibitors.

Introduction: The optimal treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER +) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) after progression on cyclin-dependent 4/6 kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of phase-II/-III randomized trials of ER + MBC post CDK4/6i + ET progression. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using generic inverse variance and odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method for adverse events (AEs) with Review-Manager version-5.

Real-World Experience with CDK4/6 Inhibitors in the First-Line Palliative Setting for HR+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer.

Introduction: CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. Landmark trials have demonstrated a comparable progression-free survival (PFS) across CDK4/6 inhibitors, but the overall survival (OS) outcomes have varied. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world PFS and OS for palbociclib and ribociclib when combined with AIs in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer.

Extensive Morphea Following Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Carcinoma-Case Report.

Radiation-induced morphea (RIM) is a rare complication following radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer treatment. Its distribution is usually confined to the breast having received radiotherapy. A generalized form of RIM also exists, defined as lesions extending beyond the radiotherapy site, but data on the subject are scarce in the literature.

A Canadian Perspective on Systemic Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Although the majority of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) present with early-stage or locoregional disease that can be treated with definitive radiotherapy, approximately 20% of patients experience disease recurrence, and 15% present with metastatic disease that is not amenable to curative therapy. Management of patients with recurrent or metastatic (r/m) NPC who are not candidates for local salvage therapy is challenging in Canada, as there is uncertainty in extrapolating evidence that is largely generated from Southeast China to non-endemic regions such as Canada. Currently, treatment options in Canada are limited to chemotherapy regimens that can only achieve short-term response and prolongation of survival.