Severe atopic dermatitis treated with Dupilumab in a CTLA-4-deficient patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with immune dysregulation, particularly overexpression of T helper 2 cytokines. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 deficiency, a primary immune disorder, can exacerbate atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab, an IL-4 and IL-13 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in controlling severe, recalcitrant atopic dermatitis by mitigating T helper 2-driven inflammation.

Sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of depression among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is a high prevalence of depression among refugee youth in low- and middle-income countries, yet depression trajectories are understudied. This study examined depression trajectories, and factors associated with trajectories, among urban refugee youth in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study with refugee youth aged 16-24 in Kampala, Uganda.

Serious mental health conditions and exposure to adulthood trauma in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: There is a strong link between trauma exposure and serious mental health conditions (SMHCs), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The majority of research in the field has focused on childhood trauma as a risk factor for developing an SMHC and on samples from high-income countries. There is less research on having an SMHC as a risk factor for exposure to traumatic events, and particularly on populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Definitions of Hemodynamic Instability Related to Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Background: Hemodynamic instability related to renal replacement therapy (HIRRT) is a common complication affecting critically ill patients that require renal replacement therapy (RRT). There is currently no consensus regarding the definition of HIRRT in critically ill patients. In this context, the impacts of HIRRT on clinical outcomes such as mortality or renal recovery in critically ill patients are unclear.

Expressed disapproval does not sustain long-term cooperation as effectively as costly punishment.

Punishment plays a role in human cooperation, but it is costly. Prior research shows that people are more cooperative when they expect to receive negative feedback for non-cooperation, even in the absence of costly punishment, which would have interesting implications for theory and applications. However, based on theories of habituation and cue-based learning, we propose that people will learn to ignore expressions of disapproval that are not clearly associated with material costs or benefits.

Critical Evaluation of the 2016 SOSORT Clinical Guidelines on the Detection and Clinical Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using the AGREE II Tool: A Chiropractic Perspective.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the methodological quality of the 2016 Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT) guidelines for the detection and management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: A diverse group of experts, including practicing chiropractors, chiropractors with a Diplomate by the American Chiropractic Board of Radiology, chiropractors with PhD degrees, and chiropractors involved in teaching within chiropractic programs was invited to participate in the study. Experts independently evaluated the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool.

Secondary insults prevalence, co-occurrence and relationship with outcome after severe TBI.

Introduction: Secondary insults due to high intracranial pressure (ICP), low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and impaired cerebral pressure reactivity (PRx) predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Question: What is the prevalence, co-occurrence and prognostic importance of secondary insults due to deranged ICP, CPP or PRx after TBI.

Material And Methods: Severe TBI patients requiring ICP monitoring were included.

Adaptive Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using Generative Artificial Intelligence.

Despite the expanding therapeutic options available to cancer patients, therapeutic resistance, disease recurrence, and metastasis persist as hallmark challenges in the treatment of cancer. The rise to prominence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in many realms of human activities is compelling the consideration of its capabilities as a potential lever to advance the development of effective cancer treatments. This article presents a hypothetical case study on the application of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) to the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC).

Ligand protonation leads to highly fluorescent boronium cations.

Fluorophores that respond to external stimuli, such as changes in pH, have utility in bio-imaging and sensing applications. Almost all pH-responsive fluorophores rely on complex syntheses and the use of pH-responsive functional groups that are peripheral to the fluorophore framework. In this work, pH-responsive boron-containing heterocycles based on tridentate acyl pyridylhydrazone ligands were prepared.

A focus on phosphinophosphination of apolar bonds by a structurally constrained P-P bonded system.

In this article, we highlight the recent report of Greb on the use of a structurally constrained P-P bonded system for phosphinophosphination of alkenes, alkynes, and carbonyls with high regio- and stereoselectivity (https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC06581F).

Tracking the Ghosts of the Himalayas: Snow Leopard Conservation Insights From Satellite Collar Data.

This study presents the first movement analysis of snow leopards () using satellite telemetry data, focusing on the northeastern Himalayas of Nepal. By examining GPS-based satellite collar data between 2013 and 2017 from five collared snow leopards (effectively three individuals), the research uncovered distinct movement patterns, activity budgeting and home range utilisation from one adult male and two sub adult females. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) revealed three behavioural states based on the movement patterns-slow (indicative of resting), moderate and fast (associated with travelling) and demonstrated that the time of day influenced their behavioural state.

Comparison of treatments for equine laryngeal hemiplegia using computational fluid dynamic analysis in an equine head model.

Introduction: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is gaining momentum as a useful mechanism for analyzing obstructive disorders and surgeries in humans and warrants further development for application in equine surgery. While advancements in procedures continue, much remains unknown about the specific impact that different surgeries have on obstructive airway disorders. The objective of this study was to apply CFD analysis to an equine head inhalation model replicating recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and four surgical procedures.

The continually evolving landscape of novel therapies in oncogene-driven advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that is frequently associated with a host of known oncogenic alterations. Advances in molecular diagnostics and drug development have facilitated the targeting of novel alterations such that the majority of NSCLC patients have driver mutations that are now clinically actionable. The goal of this review is to gain insights into clinical research and development principles by summary, analysis, and discussion of data on agents targeting known alterations in oncogene-driven, advanced NSCLC beyond those in the and the .

Randomized community trial to assess nutritional, socioeconomic, and health outcomes of a food forest initiative in Santa Elena Province, Ecuador: a study protocol.

Malnutrition is an escalating concern in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ecuador, particularly within rural settings. To address this issue, food forests emerge as a promising intervention. This research protocol outlines a controlled intervention in the province of Santa Elena, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of a food forest in enhancing nutritional outcomes, with potential implications for broader replication.

Enhancing the psychological well-being and sleep quality of healthcare providers with a multimodal psychological support program: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly challenged the global healthcare system, especially frontline healthcare professionals, such as those working in intensive care units (ICUs). In late 2022, a sudden increase in COVID-19 cases in China led to a large number of ICU admissions, requiring new ICU staff (non-ICU professionals to work in ICUs), exacerbating their stress. This study aimed to develop an effective stress management strategy for new ICU professionals, focusing on reducing the detrimental effects of stress on their psychological state.

Challenges and Opportunities in Examining and Addressing Intersectional Stigma and Health.

Background: 'Intersectional stigma' is a concept that has emerged to characterize the convergence of multiple stigmatized identities within a person or group, and to address their joint effects on health and wellbeing. While enquiry into the intersections of race, class, and gender serves as the historical and theoretical basis for intersectional stigma, there is little consensus on how best to characterize and analyze intersectional stigma, or on how to design interventions to address this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to highlight existing intersectional stigma literature, identify gaps in our methods for studying and addressing intersectional stigma, provide examples illustrating promising analytical approaches, and elucidate priorities for future health research.

Work-Related Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors Influencing Workplace Sickness Absence: A Systematic Literature Review.

Purpose: Employee sickness absence (SA) is a significant issue facing organizations and individuals worldwide, leading to multiple negative consequences, such as increased costs, early retirement, decreased productivity, and reduced quality of work. Therefore, within the occupational health and safety (OHS) framework, it is crucial to explore the factors that help workforces stay at work sustainably. This study investigates the role of work-related psychosocial factors (WRPFs) as predictors of SA and suggests proactive measures to prevent its occurrence.

"Missing Mobility": Perspectives of North American Firefighters on the Risks and Causes of Work-Related Shoulder Disorders: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Firefighters are routinely exposed to significant work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) which can sometimes be career-ending due to the workplace stressors and the physical demands of the job. Shoulder disorders are the third most frequent WRMSDs that cause pain, disability, and morbidity in the general working population. However, little is known about the task-specific causes and risk factors for work-related shoulder disorders (WSDs) among firefighters (FFs).

Neuroimaging Augments DCD-N Score in Predicting Time from Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Measures to Death Among Potential Organ Donors.

Background: Controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) is feasible only if circulatory arrest occurs soon after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures (WLSM). When organ recovery cannot proceed because this time interval is too long, there are potential negative implications, including perceptions of "secondary loss" for patients' families and significant resource consumption. The DCD-N score is a validated clinical tool for predicting rapid death following WLSM.

Ability of Orthodontists to Detect, Interpret and Propose Management Strategies for Incidental Findings on Pre-Treatment Panoramic Radiographs.

Objectives: Radiographs are routinely acquired for orthodontic evaluation, and incidental findings (IFs) may be detected early as part of this routine care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IFs on panoramic radiographs taken for orthodontic assessment and evaluate the ability of orthodontists to detect, interpret and recommend management for IFs.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1756 patients aged 7-21 with a panoramic image taken for orthodontic evaluation was performed.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Nanoclay Reinforced Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogel.

Bentonite clay nanoparticles assume a pivotal role in 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering by augmenting the mechanical rigidity and biological efficacy of hydrogels. In this investigation, Span80 was employed as a surfactant to facilitate the synthesis of uniformly sized bentonite nanoparticles measuring approximately 700 nm in diameter. The resultant hybrid hydrogel displaced a marked increase in compressive modulus, achieving a peak value of 17.

CO2 Reduction at a Borane-Modified Iron Complex: A Secondary Coordination Sphere Strategy.

This work addresses fundamental questions that deepen our understanding of secondary coordination sphere effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction using derivatized hydride analogues of the type, [Cp*Fe(diphosphine)H] (Cp* = C5Me5-) - a well-studied family of organometallic complex - as models. More precisely, we describe the general reactivity of [(Cp*-BR2)Fe(diphosphine)H], which contains an intramolecularly positioned Lewis acid, and its cooperative reactivity with CO2. Control experiments underscore the critical nature of borane incorporation for CO2 to reduced products, a reaction that does not occur for unfunctionalized [Cp*Fe(diphosphine)H]).

Sustained quality-of-life improvements over 10 years after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for isolated dystonia.

Background: Bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) has demonstrated efficacy for ameliorating medication-refractory isolated dystonia. Nonetheless, the paucity of evidence regarding its long-term impact on quality-of-life (QoL) necessitates further investigation.

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal effects of chronic STN stimulation on QoL in patients suffering from isolated dystonia.

Can Large Language Models Aid Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients in Information Seeking? A Cross-Sectional Investigation.

Purpose: Caregivers in pediatric oncology need accurate and understandable information about their child's condition, treatment, and side effects. This study assesses the performance of publicly accessible large language model (LLM)-supported tools in providing valuable and reliable information to caregivers of children with cancer.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the performance of the four LLM-supported tools-ChatGPT (GPT-4), Google Bard (Gemini Pro), Microsoft Bing Chat, and Google SGE-against a set of frequently asked questions (FAQs) derived from the Children's Oncology Group Family Handbook and expert input (In total, 26 FAQs and 104 generated responses).