Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations Leading the Way in Child Health Research.

Historically, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research in Australia has adhered to Western research paradigms and contributed to the adverse impacts of colonisation. However, recent developments driven by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and scholars, and development of ethical guidelines for research, have promoted a more inclusive and collaborative research landscape. In this study, published papers and internal documents arising from a long-term partnership between Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre (MWRC) and the University of Sydney (USYD) from 2009 to 2023 were analysed using the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool and consultations with project partners.

Effects of psychedelics on opioid use disorder: a scoping review of preclinical studies.

The current opioid crisis has had an unprecedented public health impact. Approved medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) exist, yet their limitations indicate a need for innovative treatments. Limited preliminary clinical studies suggest specific psychedelics might aid OUD treatment, though most clinical evidence remains observational, with few controlled trials.

PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors Increase Pathological Complete Response in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background And Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current standard of care involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical gastrectomy. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in comparison to chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).

Kinship clustering within an ecologically diverse killer whale metapopulation.

Metapopulation dynamics can be shaped by foraging ecology, and thus be sensitive to shifts in prey availability. Genotyping 204 North Atlantic killer whales at 1346 loci, we investigated whether spatio-temporal population structuring is linked to prey type and distribution. Using population-based methods (reflecting evolutionary means), we report a widespread metapopulation connected across ecological groups based upon nuclear genome SNPs, yet spatial structuring based upon mitogenome haplotypes.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Electrophysiological approaches to informing therapeutic interventions with deep brain stimulation.

Neuromodulation therapy comprises a range of non-destructive and adjustable methods for modulating neural activity using electrical stimulations, chemical agents, or mechanical interventions. Here, we discuss how electrophysiological brain recording and imaging at multiple scales, from cells to large-scale brain networks, contribute to defining the target location and stimulation parameters of neuromodulation, with an emphasis on deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Increasing certainty in projected local extreme precipitation change.

The latest climate models project widely varying magnitudes of future extreme precipitation changes, thus impeding effective adaptation planning. Many observational constraints have been proposed to reduce the uncertainty of these projections at global to sub-continental scales, but adaptation generally requires detailed, local scale information. Here, we present a temperature-based adaptative emergent constraint strategy combined with data aggregation that reduces the error variance of projected end-of-century changes in annual extremes of daily precipitation under a high emissions scenario by >20% across most areas of the world.

Sleeve gastrectomy reveals the plasticity of the human gastric epithelium.

Gastrin is secreted following a rise in gastric pH, leading to gastric acid secretion. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a bariatric surgery where 80% of the gastric corpus is excised, presents a challenge for gastric pH homeostasis. Using histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing of the gastric epithelium in 12 women, we observed that SG is associated with an increase in a sub-population of acid-secreting parietal cells that overexpress respiratory enzymes and an increase in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs).

"What Are Some of the Things You Are Worried About?": An Analysis of Youth's Open-Ended Responses of Current Worries.

Introduction: There is widespread concern that contemporary global issues (e.g., climate change, technology use) are exacerbating a "youth wellbeing crisis.

Parallel systems in healthcare: Addressing Indigenous health equity in Canada.

The Canadian public healthcare system faces significant challenges in performance. While the formal healthcare system addresses funding, access and policy, there is a critical need to prioritise the informal system of community-oriented networks. This integration aligns with the World Health Organization's primary health care approach, emphasising a whole-of-society strategy for health equity.

Current trends in pain management: A bibliometric analysis for the 1980-to-2023 period.

There is currently no bibliometric analysis available regarding pain management (PM). The aim of this study was to monitor the advancement of the PM research field, demonstrate global productivity, identify the most highly cited studies, delineate collaborations between research areas and countries, and uncover new research topics and intriguing trends. A total of 16,216 articles on the subject of PM published between 1980 and 2023 were downloaded from the Web of Science database and analyzed using various bibliometric analysis methods.

Functional neurological disorder treated with psychoeducation: A case report.

Rationale: Psychogenic tremor (PT) is the most common subtype of psychogenic movement disorder, characterized by involuntary movement, and is usually related to occupational injuries or accidents. Psychogenic movement disorder falls under the category of functional neurological disorders, which are diagnosed based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Patient Concerns: A 25-year-old Saudi male with a history of recurrent superior ventricular tachycardia presented to the emergency department with tremors affecting all his extremities for 8 days.

A nested case-control study evaluating the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and immune-mediated inflammatory disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have inconsistently been implicated as risk factors for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). We evaluated whether the association of ACE with disease differs between IMID and other chronic diseases.

Design: Nested retrospective case-control study.

Transfer from long-term care to acute care and risk of new permanent cognitive or physical disability among long-term care residents in Canada: protocol for a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Long-term care (LTC) residents are frequently transferred to acute care hospitals. Transfer decisions should align with residents' wishes and goals. Decision to transfer to hospital, when not aligned with the resident's wishes, can result in transfers that are harmful to residents, leaving residents in a state of disability that could be considered worse than death.

Medical complexity in emergency and urgent care settings: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Considering the impact of non-medical factors (personal and social) on patients with multiple chronic conditions, the term 'medical complexity' is gaining traction as it encompasses both medical and non-medical aspects of patients' medical needs. When primary care is not able to provide timely care for chronic challenges or acute concerns, complex patients require care in emergency or urgent care settings. The concept of medical complexity is continually evolving, although without a universally accepted or standardised definition that determines if an adult patient is considered complex.

Exploring the quality of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: a qualitative multiple case study approach with family members of Muslim patients.

Objective: Muslim patients are an underrepresented community in end-of-life care research, with little evidence around factors that influence the quality and experience of care. The aim of this study was to explore the quality of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit (ICU) from the perspective of next-of-kin family members of Muslim patients.

Design: A qualitative multiple case study design using semistructured interviews with family members of Muslim patients.

What should be publicly funded in the Colombian health system? A mixed methods study of citizens' perceptions.

Background: In recent years, citizens have become more interested and willing to influence health policy decision-making, and governments worldwide are more prone to citizen engagement in such processes. Prioritising which health technologies should be publicly funded is one decision that requires prudence and consideration of the values and expectations of the people who will be affected by it.

Objective: To identify and understand the citizens' perceptions about which health technologies should be publicly funded in Colombia.

High-intensive physical rehabilitation approach in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during subacute phase (REHABILITY): a feasibility study protocol.

Introduction: While principles of neuroplasticity and motor learning emphasise the potential of high dosage of physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury (ABI) during the subacute phase, we lack empirical evidence to demonstrate its impact in terms of meaningful outcomes. Clinical research is needed to investigate adequate dosage of physical rehabilitation and its effects on outcomes with reliable and validated outcome measurements. In this study we will investigate the feasibility of a highly intensive physical rehabilitation intervention and outcomes with reliable and valid outcome measurements.

EULAR standardised training model for ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive synovial tissue biopsy procedures in large and small joints.

Objectives: To develop an EULAR training model for education in synovial tissue biopsy (STB) under ultrasound guidance (UG) following a stepwise approach: (1) development of educational material on UGSTB in large and small joints; (2) assessment of the validity, reliability and feasibility of the UGSTB educational procedure on cadaveric specimens; (3) validation of this procedure in live patients.

Methods: Using a nominal group (NG) and a DELPHI consensus methodology, educational audio-visual (AV) material and minimal requirements for education in UGSTB were developed by an expert panel. Then the experts performed an UGSTB on cadaveric joints using the developed approach.

Under-recognised neurocognitive deficits in adults and adolescents with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease characterised by the growth of benign tumours. The Tuberous sclerosis Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (TAND) Checklist is used to identify patient-reported neurocognitive deficits. Patients may, however, under-recognise mild cognitive impairment.

Role of IPF genetic risk loci in post-COVID-19 lung abnormalities: a cohort study.

Introduction: Persistent lung abnormalities following COVID-19 infection are common. Similar parenchymal changes are observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We investigated whether common genetic risk factors in IPF are associated with developing lung parenchymal abnormalities following severe COVID-19 disease.

Comparing apples and oranges in youth depression treatments? A quantitative critique of the evidence base and guidelines.

Objectives: Should a young person receive psychotherapy or medication for their depression and on what evidence do we base this decision? In this paper, we test the factors across modalities that may influence comparability between medication and psychotherapy trials.

Methods: We included 92 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychotherapy and medication for child and adolescent depression (mean age 4-18 years). Using meta-analyses, we compared (a) participant characteristics and (b) trial characteristics in medication and psychotherapy trials.