Orbital angular momentum control of strong-field ionization in atoms and molecules.

Tunnel ionization, the fundamental process in strong field physics and attosecond science, along with the subsequent electron dynamics are typically governed by the polarization and carrier envelope phase of the incident laser pulse. Moreover, most light-matter interactions involve Gaussian beams and rely primarily on dipole-active transitions. In this article, we reveal that Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) carrying beams enable to control tunnel ionization in atoms and molecules.

Critical review of the potential effects and risks to pollinators and aquatic organisms from the agricultural uses of sulfoxaflor; introductory comments.

The first paper in a series of seven serves as an overview of the initiation of the insecticide Sulfoxaflor Environmental Science review process and provides some regulatory background. The following papers are a series and describe a critical analysis of the data related to sulfoxaflor in terms of its uses, properties, environmental fate, and potential effects on aquatic organisms, and pollinators. The last paper describes a refined model for hazard and risk assessment of pesticides in pollinators.

Mapping variants in thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 to disease severity by genomic, phenotypic, functional, structural and deep learning integration.

Predicting and quantifying phenotypic consequences of genetic variants in rare disorders is a major challenge, particularly pertinent for 'actionable' genes such as thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 (encoded by the X-linked SLC16A2 gene), where loss-of-function (LoF) variants cause a rare neurodevelopmental and (treatable) metabolic disorder in males. The combination of deep phenotyping data with functional and computational tests and with outcomes in population cohorts, enabled us to: (i) identify the genetic aetiology of divergent clinical phenotypes of MCT8 deficiency with genotype-phenotype relationships present across survival and 24 out of 32 disease features; (ii) demonstrate a mild phenocopy in ~400,000 individuals with common genetic variants in MCT8; (iii) assess therapeutic effectiveness, which did not differ among LoF-categories; (iv) advance structural insights in normal and mutated MCT8 by delineating seven critical functional domains; (v) create a pathogenicity-severity MCT8 variant classifier that accurately predicted pathogenicity (AUC:0.91) and severity (AUC:0.

"Double Capture" - a technique to differentiate narrow complex Supraventricular Tachycardias.

Background: There are various diagnostic manoeuvres to distinguish between atrial tachycardia (AT), atrio-ventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and orthodromic re-entrant tachycardia (ORT) when assessing a narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory. These manoeuvres are commonly used in combination to come to a diagnosis due to the inability of a single test to be able to reliably differentiate between the arrhythmias.

Objective: To determine whether a single captured His-synchronous simultaneous extra-stimulus in the atrium and ventricle ("Double Capture") can reliably distinguish the mechanism of a narrow complex SVT.

CAG Repeat Instability and Region-Specific Gene Expression Changes in the SCA12 Brain.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12), an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, caused by an expansion of (CAG) in the 5' of the PPP2R2B gene on chr5q32, is common in India. The illness often manifests late in life, with diverse neurological and psychiatric symptoms, suggesting involvement of different brain regions. Prominent neuronal loss and atrophy of the cerebellum have been noted earlier.

Infectious diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular health and vaccines: pathways to prevention.

Cardiovascular and infectious diseases both feature among the leading causes of death among men and women in the world. The pathophysiological pathways of infection and cardiovascular disease intersect, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Vaccines are available for the most common infectious diseases affecting older adults, such as influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

A robustly rooted tree of eukaryotes reveals their excavate ancestry.

The eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) depicts the relationships among all eukaryotic organisms; its root represents the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA) from which all extant complex lifeforms are descended. Locating this root is crucial for reconstructing the features of LECA, both as the endpoint of eukaryogenesis and the start point for the evolution of the myriad complex traits underpinning the diversification of living eukaryotes. However, the position of the root remains contentious due to pervasive phylogenetic artefacts stemming from inadequate evolutionary models, poor taxon sampling and limited phylogenetic signal.

High temporal variability not trend dominates Mediterranean precipitation.

State-of-the-art climate models project a substantial decline in precipitation for the Mediterranean region in the future. Supporting this notion, several studies based on observed precipitation data spanning recent decades have suggested a decrease in Mediterranean precipitation, with some attributing a large fraction of this change to anthropogenic influences. Conversely, certain researchers have underlined that Mediterranean precipitation exhibits considerable spatiotemporal variability driven by atmospheric circulation patterns maintaining stationarity over the long term.

Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey : Short title: Tobacco Smoking Onset Age in Iran.

Tobacco smoking is a significant global public health challenge, responsible for 8 million deaths annually. This study aimed to analyze the age of smoking initiation and its sociodemographic determinants among Iranian adults, based on data from the 2021 STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey, to inform targeted public health interventions. The analysis of 27,874 adults revealed that the average initiation ages for cigarette and hookah smoking were 22.

Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Incidental Neuroimaging Findings in Neuro-Ophthalmology: A Retrospective Analysis of 5,000 Cases.

Background: Patients referred to ophthalmology and neuro-ophthalmology clinics often present with complex neurological and visual symptoms, such as headaches, double vision, and vision loss, requiring thorough history, comprehensive examinations, and neuroimaging to identify the underlying cause. While advances in neuroimaging have improved diagnostic accuracy, they have also introduced challenges with incidental findings and unexpected abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, spectrum, and clinical relevance of incidental findings in neuro-ophthalmology patients evaluated at an academic center.

The Mental Well-Being of Graduate Students in Canada: A Scoping Review.

To review the literature exploring the mental health of graduate students in Canada. Data Source: Articles identified in EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline, Sociological Abstracts, Nursing and Allied Health, and ERIC.Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:Two independent reviewers screened articles that: (1) focused on graduate students' mental wellbeing; (2) used empirical study designs (3) were published in English; (4) were conducted in Canada.

Measured resting energy expenditure and predicted resting energy expenditure based on ASPEN critical care guidelines for nutrition support: An agreement study.

Background: Predictive equations often inaccurately estimate energy needs in critically ill patients. This study evaluated the level of agreement between resting energy expenditure using 12 and 25 kcal/kg as recommended by the 2021 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition critical care guidelines for nutrition support and energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods: An agreement study was conducted on mechanically ventilated adults who had a documented measured energy expenditure within 10 days of intensive care unit admission.

Boron in My Mind: A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of the Diverse Syntheses of 4-Borono-l-Phenylalanine, the Leading Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) leverages the nuclear reaction between boron-10 and thermal neutrons to selectively destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This therapy has found use in treating glioblastoma, which as a brain cancer, is difficult to treat using conventional radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy due to location and the risk of brain damage. However, to work, the cells must contain 10B.

Advancing Metastatic Spine Tumor Research: A Review of AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor's Scientific Contributions Derived From the EPOSO Network, 2014-2024.

Study DesignNarrative Review.ObjectivesTo summarize the work of the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Tumor, specifically studies from the Epidemiology, Process and Outcomes in Spine Oncology (EPOSO) study.MethodsA narrative review of all published manuscripts from the EPOSO study was undertaken.

Safety and recovery profile of patients after inhalational anaesthesia versus target-controlled or manual total intravenous anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: In the UK, total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is used in 25% of general anaesthetics and is gaining traction because of its lower environmental impact and effectiveness in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although meta-analyses have compared TIVA and inhalational anaesthesia (IA), the optimal delivery method-manual infusion or target-controlled infusion (TCI)-remains underexplored. This review addresses this gap, leveraging the rapidly growing body of evidence to guide optimal anaesthetic practice.

The analgesic effects of novel fascial plane blocks compared with intrathecal morphine after Caesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intrathecal morphine is the mainstay for post-Caesarean multimodal analgesia but is associated with important side-effects. Novel ultrasound-guided abdominal wall fascial plane blocks are proposed as intrathecal morphine alternatives, but evidence of effectiveness is conflicting. We compared the analgesic effects of fascial plane blocks with those of intrathecal morphine after Caesarean delivery.

Innovations in red blood cell preservation.

The global infrastructure supporting nearly 100 million transfusions annually relies on the ability to store red cell concentrates (RCCs) for up to 42 days at hypothermic temperatures or indefinitely at low sub-zero temperatures. While these methods are generally effective, there is both an opportunity and, in specific settings, a need to refine storage techniques that have remained largely unchanged since the 1980s. Recent research has identified ways to address limitations that were not fully understood when these methods were first implemented in blood banks, with much of it focusing on modifying conventional storage strategies, while some studies explore alternative approaches.

Persistence and Recurrence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) represent significant challenges in the management of PHPT. Persistent PHPT is defined as persistence of hypercalcemia following parathyroidectomy (PTX) or the recurrence of hypercalcemia within the first 6 months following surgery. Recurrent PHPT is defined as recurrence of hypercalcemia after 6 months following PTX and requires normalization of serum calcium prior to the recurrence.

Consensus statement on pain management for pregnant patients with opioid use disorder from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.

Pain management in pregnant and postpartum people with an opioid use disorder requires a balance among the risks associated with opioid tolerance, including withdrawal or return to opioid use, considerations around the social needs of the maternal-infant dyad, and the provision of adequate pain relief for the birth episode that is often characterized as the worst pain a person will experience in their lifetime. This multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine provides a framework for pain management in obstetrical patients with opioid use disorder. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide practical and evidence-based recommendations and is targeted to healthcare providers in obstetrics and anesthesiology.

Vitality is associated with systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis adults on elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.

Fatigue is common among adults with cystic fibrosis (awCF) and may be associated with systemic inflammation. This study examines systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), and fatigue, assessed using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) vitality domain, in individuals initiating elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) therapy. In a cohort of 61 awCF from St.

Morpho-molecular identification of causing anthracnose disease of banana in Pakistan.

Banana (Musa spp.) is widely cultivated as the major fruit in Pakistan. Anthracnose fruit rot caused by various Colletotrichum spp.

Clinical Effect of Genetic Testing in Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases: A 14-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: The clinical impact of genetic testing in a contemporary real-life cohort of patients with heritable cardiomyopathies or arrhythmias is not well defined. Additionally, the genetic spectrum of these conditions in the French-Canadian population is unknown, and interpretation of genetic variants can be challenging because of a known founder effect.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the clinical utility of arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy genetic testing and assess the utility of allele frequency data from a local reference population.

Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory.

This updated Heart Valve Collaboratory framework addresses the growing concern for transcatheter valve failure (TVF) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). With the increasing volume of redo-TAV and surgical TAV explantation, there is a critical need for standardized pathways and protocols for evaluating TVF using echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography. This document clarifies prior definitions of bioprosthetic valve deterioration and bioprosthetic valve failure in a practical, imaging directed context for TAVR.