Prediction of dementia using CT imaging in stroke (PRODUCTS).

Introduction: A better understanding of who will develop dementia can inform patient care. Although MRI offers prognostic insights, access is limited globally, whereas CT-imaging is readily available in acute stroke. We explored the prognostic utility of acute CT-imaging for predicting dementia.

Personality and Markers of Lower Extremity Function: Findings From Six Samples.

ObjectivesThis study investigated the associations between Five-Factor Model personality traits and balance impairment and lower limb strength.MethodsMiddle-aged and older adults (Age range: 34-104 years; >27,000) from six large samples from the US and England were assessed for standing balance, lower limb strength, personality traits, sociodemographic, and health-related variables.ResultsHigher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were related to lower balance impairment risk and better lower limb strength.

Role of Immune Cells in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Vascular Injury in Hypertension.

Hypertension is associated with vascular injury characterized by vascular dysfunction, remodeling, and stiffening, which contributes to end-organ damage leading to cardiovascular events and potentially death. Innate (macrophages and dendritic cells), innate-like (γδ T cells) and adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) play a role in hypertension and vascular injury. Perivascular adipose tissue that is the fourth layer of the blood vessel wall is an important homeostatic regulator of vascular tone.

A population-based cohort study of perinatal mental illness following traumatic brain injury.

Aims: To examine the risk of perinatal mental illness, including new diagnoses and recurrent use of mental healthcare, comparing women with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to identify injury-related factors associated with these outcomes among women with TBI.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, of all obstetrical deliveries to women in 2012-2021, excluding those with mental healthcare use in the year before conception. The cohort was stratified into women with no remote mental illness history (to identify new mental illness diagnoses between conception and 365 days postpartum) and those with a remote mental illness history (to identify recurrent illnesses).

Chaotic Direct Ink Writing (ChDIW) of Hybrid Hydrogels: Implication for Fabrication of Micro-ordered Multifunctional Cryogels.

The modern era demands multifunctional materials to support advanced technologies and tackle complex environmental issues caused by these innovations. Consequently, material hybridization has garnered significant attention as a strategy to design materials with prescribed multifunctional properties. Drawing inspiration from nature, a multi-scale material design approach is proposed to produce 3D-shaped hybrid materials by combining chaotic flows with direct ink writing (ChDIW).

Regulation of immune responses to therapeutic factor VIII by transplacental delivery of Fc-fused immunodominant factor VIII domains or peptides.

Patients with severe hemophilia A (HA) often develop undesired immune responses to therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) that hamper replacement therapy with FVIII-derived products. The transplacental delivery of two Fc-fused FVIII domains in pregnant HA mice was shown to induce partial FVIII-specific immune tolerance in the offspring. Here, we evaluated whether the transplacental delivery of Fc-fused FVIII (rFVIIIFc) induces complete immune tolerance towards FVIII.

Cu-catalyzed photoredox chlorotrifluoromethylation of polysubstituted alkenes and pharmacological evaluation.

A visible-light-mediated chlorotrifluoromethylation catalyzed by a copper-based photo-redox catalyst of internal alkenes is reported. The reaction proceeds with complete regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions using commercially available FCSOCl as both the trifluoromethyl and chlorine source, leading to the synthesis of added-value chemicals with atom-economy. A vast array of internal alkenes were functionalized in decent to good yields, highlighting a great tolerance to various functional groups.

Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibody in children.

Background And Aims: Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (AAA1) are elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and predict COVID-19 symptoms persistence at one year in adults, but whether this applies to children is unknown. We studied the association of SARS-CoV-2 exposure with AAA1 prevalence in children and the association of AAA1 seropositivity with symptom persistence.

Methods: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and AAA1 serologies were examined in 1031 participants aged 6 months to 17 years old from the prospective SEROCOV-KIDS cohort and recruited between 12.

Maplirpacept: a CD47 decoy receptor with minimal red blood cell binding and robust anti-tumor efficacy.

Introduction: CD47 is highly expressed on cancer cells and triggers an anti-phagocytic "don't eat me" signal when bound by the inhibitory signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) expressed on macrophages. While CD47 blockade can mitigate tumor growth, many CD47 blockers also bind to red blood cells (RBCs), leading to anemia. Maplirpacept (TTI-622, PF-07901801) is a CD47 blocking fusion protein consisting of a human SIRPα fused to an IgG4 Fc region and designed to limit binding to RBCs.

Impact of menopause and age on breast density and background parenchymal enhancement in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Breast density (BD) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) are important imaging biomarkers for breast cancer (BC) risk. We aim to evaluate longitudinal changes in quantitative BD and BPE in high-risk women undergoing dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), focusing on the effects of age and transition into menopause.

Approach: A retrospective cohort study analyzed 834 high-risk women undergoing breast DCE-MRI for screening between 2005 and 2020.

Effectiveness of Switching from Multiple-Inhaler to Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy in Patients with COPD in a Real-World Setting in Japan.

Purpose: Following the relatively recent introduction of single-inhaler triple therapies in Japan, this study compared the effectiveness of switching from multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT) to once-daily fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) by investigating COPD exacerbations and adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Japan.

Methods: This retrospective, pre-post cohort study using the Medical Data Vision Co. Ltd database identified patients with ≥1 inpatient diagnosis and/or ≥2 outpatient diagnoses of COPD at age ≥40 years prior to the index date (first/earliest date of single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI initiation from May 1, 2019-February 28, 2022, following a switch from MITT).

δN and δC cycles in narwhal () embedded teeth reveal seasonal variation in ecology and/or physiology.

Monitoring Arctic marine mammals in response to rapid climate change requires reliable longitudinal data. To obtain such data is challenging, but sequential measurements of stable isotopes (SI) from metabolically inert tissues like dentine allow for chronological reconstruction of SI data that can provide insights into whale life history, behaviour and physiology. This study examined dentine samples from narwhal embedded canines to reconstruct individual SI profiles and assess intra-annual variation in δN and δC.

Functional stasis and changing habitat preferences among mammalian communities from the PETM of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.

The transition between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs (ca. 56 Ma) was marked by a period of rapid global warming of 5 °C to 8 °C following a carbon isotope excursion (CIE) lasting 200 ky or less referred to as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The PETM precipitated a significant shift in the composition of North American floral communities and major mammalian turnover.

The extinct marine megafauna of the Phanerozoic.

The modern marine megafauna is known to play important ecological roles and includes many charismatic species that have drawn the attention of both the scientific community and the public. However, the marine megafauna has never been assessed as a whole, nor has it been defined in deep time. Here, we review the literature to define and list the species that constitute the marine megafauna, and to explore biological and ecological patterns throughout the Phanerozoic.

Defining optimal electrospun membranes to enhance biological activities of human endometrial MSCs.

Introduction: Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (H-EMSCs) can inhibit endometrial fibrosis and repair damaged endometrium. However, direct cell injection into dam-aged endometrium shows limited cell survival. Cell seeding onto biomaterial-based electrospun membranes could improve H-EMSCs' survival and prolong their stay at the damaged endometrium.

Understanding key factors contributing to mental health challenges among pediatric nurses: a systematic review.

Background: The mental health and wellbeing of nurses, particularly pediatric nurses, have garnered attention due to the increased risk of mental health challenges associated with their demanding profession. These nurses are especially vulnerable, yet their mental wellbeing is often understudied.

Objective: This systematic review aims to identify and analyze key factors associated with mental health challenges among pediatric nurses and explore how these factors interact to influence their wellbeing.

Evaluation of the Power Up program: a health promotion program encouraging healthy lifestyle habits among youth in summer day camps-study protocol.

Introduction: During the summer holidays, children often demonstrate reduced physical activity and poorer dietary habits, largely attributed to the lack of structured routines and supervision that school provides. Summer camps have the potential to offer youth engaging and organized activities and serve as an environment for promoting healthy lifestyle habits. This paper presents the protocol for the evaluation of the Power Up program, a study which aims to evaluate counselors' satisfaction with the Power Up services, trainings, and tools, their engagement in the program, as well as their self-efficacy and intention to promote physical activity, nutrition, and well-being through the camp environment.

National shipbuilding strategies in Australia, Britain, and Canada.

This article conducts a comparative analysis of naval shipbuilding approaches by Australia, Britain, and Canada with a view to promoting wider understanding of naval shipbuilding in Canada. Through various strategic and tactical factors, it illuminates how Canadians got to where they are in naval shipbuilding, which processes should be kept, and where there are shortfalls. With a focus on large naval ships, defined as 1000 tons or heavier, the article finds that much of Canada's naval shipbuilding strategy makes sense and should be continued.

Canadian Youth Preferences for E-Cigarettes: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

The novelty of e-cigarette regulatory policy poses difficulties for evidence-informed decision making because there is little evaluative evidence on the effects of specific policies. One way to provide evidence to inform Canadian policy in this situation is to learn from users how they would behave under different policy scenarios without actually implementing those policies in real-world settings. Discrete Choice Experiments provide an opportunity to undertake this research.

15-Year trends, predictors, and outcomes of heart failure hospitalization complicating first acute myocardial infarction in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health concern, but data on risk factors associated with HF hospitalization post-AMI are limited.

Methods And Results: We analysed data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, including patients admitted with AMI from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2019. Data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and the Office for National Statistics facilitated a longitudinal analysis.

Enhancing drought tolerance in and through interspecific interactions with a mixed inoculum of and non-host beneficial rhizobacteria.

Introduction: Harnessing plant growth-promoting rhizobia presents a sustainable and cost-effective method to enhance crop performance, particularly under drought stress. This study evaluates the variability of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits among three strains of LMR575, LMR571, and LMR655, and two native PGP strains LMR698 and LMR696. The primary objective was to assess the host range specificity of these strains and their effectiveness in improving drought tolerance in three legume species: , , and .

K-wire Osteosynthesis of the Hand in the Outpatient Clinic: Assessment of the Infectious Risks.

Background: The aim of this project is to determine whether performing K-wire osteosynthesis of the hand in an outpatient clinic generates a higher rate of infections compared with those occurring after performing the same technique in an operating room.

Methods: We reviewed the electronic medical charts of 172 patients who underwent percutaneous pinning of the hand in our center's outpatient clinic during 2021 and 2022. Relevant data, including patient risk factors (eg, diabetes), procedural management (eg, number of days before pin removal), and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Improving School-to-Work Transitions: Antecedents of High-Quality Intern-Supervisor Exchanges.

Using a Canadian sample of 146 interns surveyed on three occasions (i.e., before, during, and after their internship experiences), we investigated university students' skills and intentions as critical factors contributing to high-quality intern-supervisor exchanges.

Clinical Outcomes After Ipsilateral Versus Contralateral Autograft Harvest for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background: Contralateral donor autografts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) may act as an alternative to conventional ipsilateral donor grafts but are rarely used clinically because of the lack of evidence on patient outcomes and concerns around additional morbidity.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of contralateral versus ipsilateral autograft use in ACLR on patient outcomes.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.