Social vulnerability and child food insecurity in developed countries: A systematic review.

Food insecurity (FI) is a serious public health concern in economically developed countries, mainly due to unequal resource distribution. Identifying social vulnerability factors (i.e.

Peripheral neurofilament light chain and intracortical myelin in bipolar I disorder.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a cytoskeletal protein that supports neuronal structure. Blood NfL levels are reported to be higher in diseases where myelin is damaged. Studies investigating intracortical myelin (ICM) in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported deficits in ICM maturation over age.

Immune Biomarkers on Tissue Microarray Cores Support the Presence of Adjacent Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment modality in some soft tissue sarcomas, particularly for tumors associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). These structures are functional lymphoid aggregates, and their presence is indicative of an active anticancer immune response in the tumor microenvironment. The assessment of TLS as a predictive biomarker at scale on patient specimens remains challenging.

Construction of efficient ethylene removal and antibacterial cellulose paper-based packaging materials for avocado preservation.

Fruits are susceptible to ethylene ripening and microbial infestation, which can lead to spoilage and further significant economic losses. Thus, using functional preservation materials is an effective controlling technology to improve the post-harvest quality and extend the shelf life of fruits. Hence, a dual-function cellulose-based paper with exceptional antibacterial efficiency, favourable ethylene removal performance, improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties was prepared by covalently grafted antibacterial guanidine salt and surface-modified ethylene scavenger.

What happened next? A survey of review clients evaluating impacts of rapid reviews.

Introduction: End-user evaluation of the impact of evidence syntheses is critical to demonstrating value. This study presents results of a survey evaluating the impact of rapid reviews undertaken by two teams based in Melbourne, Australia and Hamilton, Canada.

Methods: Clients were invited to participate in a short, written survey following delivery of a rapid review.

Interspecific differences in the response of autotrophic microorganisms to atrazine and S-metolachlor exposure.

Atrazine and S-metolachlor are herbicides widely used on corn and soybean crops where they are sometimes found in concentrations of concern in nearby aquatic ecosystems, potentially affecting autotrophic organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the green algae Enallax costatus, the diatom Gomphonema parvulum and a culture of the cyanobacteria Phormidium sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa, to atrazine and S-metolachlor alone and in mixture (0, 10, 100 and 1000 µg.

Electrical cutaneous stimulation of the foot sole does not enhance rate of torque development during maximal effort isometric plantarflexion in females.

Rate of torque development (RTD) measures how rapidly one can generate torque and is crucial for balance and athletic performance. Fast RTD depends on the rapid recruitment of high threshold motor units (MUs). Cutaneous electrical stimulation has been shown to alter MU excitability, favoring high threshold MUs via reduced recruitment thresholds.

Moderators of cognitive and behaviour therapies for prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous studies have indicated wide variation in the effectiveness of cognitive and behaviour therapies (CBTs) for preventing and treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, indicating the presence of moderators influencing outcomes. This meta-analysis investigated whether sample characteristics (child age, child baseline anxiety levels, parental baseline anxiety levels) and intervention characteristics (intervention duration, facilitator contact time, facilitator background, delivery formats, parental involvement) moderate the effectiveness of CBTs for universal prevention, targeted prevention, and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. We identified 86 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of 98 CBTs versus non-active controls.

Exploring the relationship between upwelling intensity and socio-ecological attributes of marine exploitation areas for benthic resources (MEABRs), along the southern Humboldt Current system.

The Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) sustains some of the most productive marine systems on Earth. Within each of these systems, the upwelling process exhibits spatial and temporal variation resulting in marked differences in upwelling intensity and seasonality along extensive coastlines. The study of this variation is well needed, given the magnitude of the services provided by upwelling, and the impending impacts of global warming on EBUS.

Carbon sink potential and the cost of afforestation in northwest China when accounting for ecosystem service value.

The cost effectiveness of mitigating climate change through afforestation needs to be evaluated for regions with a fragile environment and vulnerable ecosystems. This study develops an integrated geographic-economic-ecological framework to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of afforestation for carbon sequestration in Northwest China. It employs a spatial model of natural factors and a bioeconomic optimization model to identify marginal lands suitable for afforestation.

A self-expandable nitinol frame for cable-driven parallel mechanisms in minimally invasive cardiovascular interventions.

The integration of self-expandable nitinol frames with cable-driven parallel mechanisms offers a promising advancement in minimally invasive cardiovascular interventions. This study presents the design, fabrication, and verification of a miniaturized self-expandable nitinol frame to enhance catheter tip steerability and navigation within complex vascular anatomies. The frame is reduced in size for delivery through 7-8 Fr sheaths while accommodating diverse vascular diameters, allowing up to a maximum expansion of 15 mm.

Exploring body ideal internalization, sociocultural pressures, and probable muscle dysmorphia in Canadian and American boys and men.

This study aimed to determine whether the internalization of body ideals and sociocultural pressures to adhere to body ideals are associated with a greater likelihood of having probable muscle dysmorphia. Cross-sectional data from 1553 boys and men ages 15-35 from Canada and the United States were used. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined the association between the internalization of three body ideals, sociocultural pressures to adhere to body ideals from four sources, and having probable muscle dysmorphia.

Marriage and postpartum major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Many studies have explored the relationships between demographic variables and postpartum major depressive disorder. However, there is no clear conclusion on the impact of different marital statuses and quality on postpartum major depressive disorder. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the combined effects of different marital status and quality on postpartum major depressive disorder with cohort studies.

Age of onset of cannabis use and substance use problems: A systematic review of prospective studies.

Background: The association between the age of cannabis use (CU) onset and substance use (SU) problems has been extensively studied, yet findings remain inconsistent.

Aims: This systematic review aimed to examine prospective studies on the association between age of CU onset and later SU problems, controlling for key individual, social, and SU-related risk factors.

Methods: PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024.

Impact of grazing by multiple Daphnia species on wastewater bacterial communities.

Understanding the dynamics of fecal bacterial communities is crucial for managing public health risks and protecting drinking water resources. While extensive research exists on how abiotic factors influence the survival of fecal microbial communities in water, less attention has been paid to the impact of predation by higher organisms, such as the widely distributed grazer Daphnia. Nevertheless, Daphnia plays a significant role in regulating bacterial communities in natural aquatic ecosystems, and recent studies highlighted its potential as a biofilter in alternative tertiary wastewater treatment systems.

Fatty acid carbon isotopes as tracers of trophic structure and contaminant biomagnification in Arctic marine food webs.

Mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutant (POP) accumulation among species and biomagnification through food webs is typically assessed using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δN) and carbon (δC) in bulk (whole) tissues. Yet, bulk isotopic approaches have limitations, notably from the potential overlap of isotope values from different dietary sources and from spatial variation in source (baseline) signals. Here, we explore the potential of fatty acid carbon isotopes (FA δC) to (1) evaluate the trophic structure of a marine food web, (2) distinguish feeding patterns among four marine mammal consumers, (3) trace contaminant biomagnification through a food web, and (4) explain interspecific variation in contaminants among high-trophic position predators.

5-FU Weakens Defensive Functions of the Junctional Epithelium.

Aim: To investigate additional factors contributing to the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and periodontitis beyond the systemic immune suppression caused by the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU).

Methods: 5-Fluorouracil was topically delivered to the non-keratinized, rapidly proliferating junctional epithelium (JE) surrounding the dentition, and acts as an immunologic and functional barrier to bacterial ingression. Various techniques, including EdU incorporation, quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC), histology, enzymatic activity assays, and micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, were employed to analyze the JE at multiple time points following topical 5-FU treatment.

Antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium L).

Plants constitute a source of natural phytochemical components which are widely known for their potential biological activities. This work concerned a study of the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium L.) parts (flowers, fruits, leaves and stems) using different solvent extracts (cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water).

Tetragonia tetragonioides extract prevented high-fat diet-induced obesity and changed hepatic and adipose transcriptomic signatures in C57BL/6J male mice.

Obesity, often driven by high-fat diets (HFD), is a major global health issue, necessitating effective preventive measures. Tetragonia tetragonoides, a plant with known medicinal properties, has not been extensively studied for its effects on HFD-induced obesity and related genetic changes in mice. This study explores the impact of Tetragonia tetragonoides extract (TTE; 300 mg/kg) on obesity-related traits in C57BL/6J male mice, with a focus on transcriptomic changes in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT).

Addressing evidence needs during health crises in the province of Quebec (Canada): a proposed action plan for rapid evidence synthesis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid availability of evidence to respond in a timely manner to the needs of practice settings and decision-makers in health and social services. Now that the pandemic is over, it is time to put in place actions to improve the capacity of systems to meet knowledge needs in a situation of crisis. The main objective of this project was thus to develop an action plan for the rapid syntheses of evidence in times of health crisis in Quebec (Canada).